scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF DRAMA GENRE AND DRAMA LANGUAGE

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
F. Namazova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Dramatic Works ◽  
Basic Meaning ◽  
The 19Th Century

Addressing the specific problems of dramatic creativity, we must first determine the basic meaning of the term "drama". As we know, the word "drama" has different meanings. We also call a certain range of real events, for example, the drama of life, one of the genres of the dramatic type of literature (the noble drama of the eighteenth century) and the dramatic theater, which is the leading type of performing arts. Dramatic works are fundamentally different from other genres. As early as the 19th century, the great thinker MFAkhundov distinguished the genre of drama he brought to our literature from other genres in terms of language and style. Both in his article "Fihristi-kitab" and in his "critique" of Mirza Malkum khan's plays, he clearly showed the "conditions of dramatic art".

scholarly journals FROM ORANJE NASSAU TO PULAU LAUT : THE INVEST OF COAL MINING IN SOUTHEAST KALIMANTAN FROM 1845 TO 1931

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Mansyur -
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
World Market ◽  
Mining Company ◽  
The World ◽  
Coal Market ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The 19Th Century

European Industrial Revolution in the eighteenth century brought great changes not only in Europe itself but also in other parts of the world including Indonesia which was used to be a country of Dutch colony. The invention of steam-powered ships triggered the Dutch to use steam-powered vessels as the alteration of yachts, wind-powered ships, in the 19th century. At the beginning, the steam-powered ships used rotating wheels in the left and right side; however, the ships finally used ordinary windmills or propellers. The decrease and the lack of this production was getting worsened the competition of other producer countries in world market and the unstable coal market and in crisis year in 1930, Pulau Laut Mining Company production dropped so that it was closed down in the same year.

A Review of The Sundanese Scale Theory

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-329
Author(s):  
Mariko Sasaki ◽  
Juju Masunah
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
West Java ◽  
Scale Theory ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

This article aims to discuss Kusumadinata’s scale theory in Sundanese music which has been taught in educational institutions in West Java, Indonesia. According to Kusumadinata’s scale theory, sorog and pelog are scales derived from salendro scale in gamelan salendro performance. In my previous research, I investigated three genres of Sundanese performing arts which have existed since the Hindu era, namely goong renteng, pantun, and tarawangsa. The results indicate that the pelog scale has independently existed since the Hindu era. Then, I analyzed the phenomenon that occurs in the gamelan salendro performance, i.e., its melody (rebab and vocals) conventionally modulate into scale ‘like sorog’, occasionally into scale ‘like pelog’. In contrast, the instruments of gamelan are in the salendro scale. However, the analysis on the sorog in the previous research was not enough, so that in this paper, I will focus on the sorog. To find out the relationship between melody (vocal and rebab) and gamelan instruments, I examined the actual performances of gamelan salendro and wayang golek purwa. It became clear that the salendro scale derives four types of sorog. The findings of this study indicate that sorog has existed since the 19th century by this phenomenon, and the scale now called sorog is a scale derived from salendro.

scholarly journals Manuscritos dieciochescos desconocidos del Fondo Altamira en la Biblioteca de Ginebra

2018 ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
José Checa Beltrán ◽  
Abraham Madroñal Durán
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Satire ◽  
Siglo De Oro ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
Unpublished Manuscripts ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Sobre Todo

RESUMENEn la «Collection Favre» de la Bibliothèque de Genève se custodia el «Fondo Altamira», 83 códices con unos diez mil documentos históricos y literarios, casi todos manuscritos. Contienen textos de los siglos XV al XVIII. Constituyen una pequeña parte del enorme fondo documental que en el siglo XIX pertenecía a los Condes de Altamira. Cuatro de esos 83 volúmenes contienen manuscritos literarios del Siglo de Oro y, sobre todo, del siglo ilustrado. Los autores de este artículo ofrecen aquí un catálogo de todos esos textos, centrando su atención en los relativos al siglo XVIII. La mayor parte de este inventario corresponde a manuscritos desconocidos e inéditos: diez comedias y un gran número de composiciones poéticas de temática variada, amorosa, sátira política, religiosa, temas festivos, eventos, milagros, villancicos, sobre teatro y actores, etc.PALABRAS CLAVELiteratura del siglo XVIII español, manuscritos literarios inéditos del siglo XVIII español, Fondo Altamira, Biblioteca de Ginebra, Collection Favre. TITLEUnknown eighteenth-century manuscripts from the Altamira Archives at Geneva LibraryABSTRACTIn the «Collection Favre» of the Bibliothèque de Genève the «Fondo Altamira» is guarded, 83 codices with some ten thousand historical and literary documents, almost all manuscripts. They contain texts from the 15th to the 18th centuries. They constitute a small part of the enormous documentary collection that belonged to the Counts of Altamira in the 19th century. Four of those 83 volumes contain literary manuscripts of the Golden Age and, above all, the Enlightenment century. The authors of this article offer a catalogue of all these texts, with a particular focus on those related to the XVIII Century. Most of this inventory corresponds to unknown and unpublished manuscripts: ten comedies and a large number of poetic compositions of varied theme, love, political satire, religious, festive themes, events, miracles, Christmas carols, theater and actors, etc.KEY WORDSLiterature of the eighteenth century Spanish, unpublished literary manuscripts of the eighteenth century Spanish, Altamira Archives, Geneva Library, Collection Favre.

scholarly journals Armenian Amulets from the Collection of Armenian Orthodox Diocese in Baghdad

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 42-79
Author(s):  
Lusine Sargsyan ◽  
◽  
Davit Ghazaryan ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Innovative Approach ◽  
Western Art ◽  
The Third ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

This study is dedicated to the Armenian manuscript and printed Amulet1 of the Armenian Diocese of Baghdad (DAOB). In this collection of early printings, there are two printed Amulets in scroll (Pr. n. 14, second half of the 19th century and Pr. n. 15, A.D. 1716). The third Amulet is a manuscript written in 1736 in the city of Erzrum (Karin) for a certain Ohan (Ms. n. 13). The scanned copies of these amulets are currently available through the website of Hill Museum and Manuscript Library (HMML).2 Since this paper is the first study of these amulets, it presents them in terms of codicology and bibliographical study and discusses their decoration. The study of some iconographic details will help to reveal the practice of using amulets and their meaning, considering them as a representation of Armenian “folklore-art”, since scribes and miniaturists were partly free to choose texts and decorate them, even they were mostly works of the priesthood.3 It should be noted that as artifacts of the same genre, having a purpose of protection of their owners using incantations and prayers, very often the content and decoration of these three Amulets have similarities. From this point of view, Ms. n. 13 (A.D. 1736) and Pr. n. 15 (A.D. 1716) are more relevant to each other both in content and, accordingly, in decoration. A selection of prayers and illustrations to them show almost the same structure, and for the printed Amulet, we can certainly argue that such structure was typical (but not limited) for the printed Amulets in the Armenian tradition from the 18th to 19th centuries. Despite some similarities with two previous Amulets, the Pr. n. 14 (19th century) represent another structure of content and its decoration. It is enriched with prayers and illustrations which does not exist in mentioned above two examples of the 18th century. E.g. engravings depicting the life of Christ (Annunciation, Birth of Jesus Christ, Baptism, Resurrection, etc.), or portraits of the evangelists, accompanied by the passages from their Gospels. Our research shows that the publishers of this Amulet had an eighteenth-century prototype and took an innovative approach using Western art engravings.

scholarly journals THE DESCENT OF WOMEN TO THE POWER OF DOMESTICITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Sandrine Bergès
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Slippery Slope ◽  
Women's Power ◽  
Cult Of Domesticity ◽  
The Status ◽  
Right To Vote ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Status Of Women

Is the virtue of domesticity a way for women to access civic power or is it a slippery slope to dependence and female subservience? Here I look at a number of philosophical responses to domesticity and trace a historical path from Aristotle to the 19th century Cult of Domesticity. Central to the Cult was the idea that women’s power was better used in the home, keeping everybody safe, alive, and virtuous. While this attitude seems to us very conservative, I want to argue that it has its roots in the republican thought of eighteenth-century France. I will show how the status of women before the French Revolutions did not allow even for power exercised in the home, and how the advent of republican ideals in France offered women non-negligible power despite their not having a right to vote.

scholarly journals REAVALIAÇÃO DE FÓSSEIS DO GRUPO BAMBUÍ: IMPLICAÇÕES PALEOBIOLÓGICAS PARA O NEOPROTEROZOICO TARDIO DO BRASIL

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn A. M. Sanchez ◽  
Thomas R. Fairchild
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Trace Fossils ◽  
Multicellular Eukaryote ◽  
The World ◽  
Late Neoproterozoic ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Insight Into

Fósseis do Neoproterozoico tardio têm recebido grande atenção na última década por representarem profundas mudanças na biota. Tais mudanças incluem a passagem de uma biosfera dominada por formas procariontes unicelulares para formas eucariontes multicelulares. No Brasil, tem-se testemunhado muitos avanços no conhecimento sobre os fósseis desta idade, o que coloca o país na vanguarda das pesquisas paleontológicas do Neoproterozoico. Dentre as unidades brasileiras que figuram entre as que possuem este importante registro está o Grupo Bambuí, aflorante na porção central do Brasil. Fósseis têm sido identificados neste grupo desde o século XIX através de notas sobre o que hoje é conhecido como microbialitos, porém, foi na metade do século passado que o conhecimento sobre o registro fossilífero aumentou consideravelmente e passou a incluir possíveis icnofósseis, microfósseis e algas macroscópicas. No entanto, o significado destes fósseis tornou-se obsoleto, sobretudo mediante aos avanços da Paleontologia do Pré-Cambriano, ocorrida nas últimas duas décadas. Baseado na importância do registro fóssil do Grupo Bambuí e frente à eminente necessidade de sua contextualização no atual cenário de fósseis do Neoproterozoico, realizou-se uma reavaliação de fósseis descritos entre as décadas de 70 e 80 do século passado. Dos quatro táxons revistos, Kinneyia lucianoi Sommer 1970, Bambuilithos hectoris Sommer 1981 e Bambuilithos teixeranus Sommer 1982 passam a serem considerados pseudofósseis, enquanto que Bambuites erichsenii Sommer 1971 permanece classificado como morfofóssil, porém é posto em sinonímia com Leiosphaeridia jacutica (Timofeev, 1966), emend. Mikhailova & Jankauskas, 1989. A reanálise desse material traz uma nova visão sobre a paleobiologia registrada no Grupo Bambuí e atualiza seu registro no panorama mundial de fósseis do Neoproterozoico tardio.Palavras-chave: Grupo Bambuí, microfóssil, pseudofósseis, paleobiologia. Abstract: RE-EVALUATION OF FOSSILS FROM BAMBUÍ GROUP: PALEOBIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR THE LATE NEOPROTEROZOIC OF BRAZIL. Fossils of Late Neoproterozoic have received great attention in the last decade once they represent profound changes in biota. Such changes include the passage of a prokaryote-dominated biosphere to a multicellular, eukaryote-dominated biosphere. In Brazil, one has witnessed advances in knowledge concerning fossils of this age, placing the country at the forefront of paleontological research of the Neoproterozoic. Among the Brazilian units that comprise this important record is the Bambuí Group, outcropping in the central part of Brazil. Fossils have been identified in this unit since the eighteenth century via short notes about microbialites. However, it was in the middle of the 19th century that the knowledge of the fossil record has considerably increased, and then, included possible trace fossils, microfossils and macroscopic algae. Nonetheless, such record has become obsolete, mainly by the advances of Precambrian Paleontology, occurred in the last two decades. Based on the importance of the fossil record of the Bambuí Group and through the imminent need for its context in the current Neoproterozoic fossils scenario, a re-evaluation of fossils described from the 70s and 80s of last century was performed. Of the four groups reviewed, Kinneyia lucianoi Sommer 1970, Bambuilithos hectoris Sommer 1981 and Bambuilithos teixeranus Sommer 1982 are considered pseudofossils, and Bambuites erichsenii Sommer 1971 remained as a morphofossil, and was placed in synonymy with Leiosphaeridia jacutica (Timofeev, 1966), emend. Mikhailova & Jankauskas, 1989. The re-analysis of this material provides new insight into the paleobiology recorded in the Bambuí Group and updates its record in the world panorama of the Late Neoproterozoic fossils. Keywords: Bambuí Group, microfossil, pseudofossils, paleobiology  

scholarly journals Sacralidad y singularidad de los espacios de enterramiento en Totana (Murcia) a partir del siglo XVI

2019 ◽  
pp. 175-188
Author(s):  
Juan Cánovas Mulero
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Carlos Iii

En este trabajo estudiamos el cambio de ubicación de los distintos cementerios de Totana en el siglo XIX. Hasta 1811 estos espacios se situaron en templos y ermitas. Las epidemias de principios del siglo XIX obligaron a materializar las disposiciones que Carlos III había publicado en el siglo XVIII y que decretaban alejar los enterramientos de los núcleos urbanos. Fue así como las autoridades locales iniciaron la construcción de un primer cementerio en la población en 1813. Este ámbito estuvo en uso hasta que en 1885 se edificó el cementerio actual, el de Nuestra Señora del Carmen, más alejado de la población y siguiendo un modelo estético e higienista establecido por el arquitecto diocesano Justo Millán Espinosa. In this work we study the change of location of the different cemeteries of Totana in the 19th century. Until 1811 these spaces were located in temples and hermitages. The epidemics of the early nineteenth century forced to carry out the provisions that Carlos III had published in the eighteenth century which decreed the removal of burials from urban centres. This is how local authorities began the construction of a first cemetery in the population in 1813. This place was in use until 1885 when the current cemetery of «Nuestra Señora del Carmen» was built. This cemetery is further away from the population and follows an aesthetic and hygienist model established by the diocesan architect Justo Millán Espinosa.

Monastic Reading and Learning in eighteenth-century Bilād al-Šām: Some Evidence from the Monastery of al-Šuwayr (Mount Lebanon)

Arabica ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten-Michael Walbiner
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Arab World ◽  
The West ◽  
Basic Attitude ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
European Standards ◽  
The 19Th Century

AbstractA thematic analysis of the manuscripts which were read, copied and written by the monks, the paper raises the issue of education and knowledge amongst the members of the Greek Catholic congregation of the Basilians of al-Šuwayr (Mount Lebanon) during the 18th century, a time in which the order constituted an intellectual centre in Syria, although its influence remained mainly restricted to the own communiy. Despite all efforts the level of knowledge remained—compared with European standards—low. But the monks nevertheless developed a basic attitude, which was important for the introduction of modernity to the Arab world in the 19th century. They had broad interests beyond the narrow limits of their own religion and did not assume from the start a disapproving attitude towards the knowledge and inventions of the West. These were decisive preconditions for a process of learning that had become imperative if the Orient wanted to close the quickly widening scientific gap between East and West.

scholarly journals La construcción de la real armada en filipinas. Marinos españoles en Manila en la segunda mitad del Siglo XVIII = Constructing the Spanish Royal Navy in the Philippines. Navy Officers in Manila during the Second Half of the Eighteenth Century

2019 ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
María Baudot Monroy
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
And Control ◽  
The 19Th Century

La implantación de las reformas administrativas para controlar y rentabilizar el Imperio, promovidas por la Corona española para las Filipinas durante el siglo XVIII, se realizó con muchas dificultades y retrasos, debido a le férrea oposición de la oligarquía manilense a perder privilegios, el control de las instituciones y la gestión del Galeón de Manila, principal fuente de ingresos de la colonia. Este trabajo trata sobre la construcción de la Real Armada en Filipinas, cuya implantación y desarrollo no fue posible hasta que se encomendó a marinos del Cuerpo General de la Armada a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII. El esfuerzo de estos hombres sentó las bases para que la Armada contribuyera a la conservación de las Filipinas durante el siglo XIX.mada contribuyera a la conservación de las Filipinas durante el siglo XIX.     AbstractThe implementation of administrative reforms to control and make profitable the Empire, promoted by the Spanish Crown in the Philippines, were carried out with many difficulties and delays due to the strong opposition of the Manila oligarchy who were afraid to lose their privileges and control of the institutions. Especially that of the Manila Galleon, the main source of income for the colony. These article deals with the construction of the Royal Navy, whose implantation and development was not possible until it was entrusted to officers of the Navy from the second half of the 18th century. The effort of these men laid the foundations for the Navy to contribute to the conservation of the Philippines during the 19th century.

scholarly journals Sindhenan Banyumasan: An Example of Variation and Pluralism of the Javanese Female Singing Tradition

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
Ilaria Meloni
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Performance Practice ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Research Outcomes ◽  
Local Traditions ◽  
The 19Th Century

Sindhenan Banyumasan, meaning the female traditional Javanese singing in the style of Banyumas, represents an interesting “regional variant” of sindhen vocal tradition. Flourished in the court of Surakarta in the 19th century, the sindhen practice has spread rapidly across the centuries, reaching many territories outside the court centers. Deeply connected with the ancient practices of the singer dancers, sindhen styles are still indicative of the local traditions and a testimony of differences and continuity with the formal teaching of central Javanese institutions. Despite the importance of the local variants, existing international studies on sindhenan have mainly focused on the styles of Yogyakarta and Surakarta, often neglecting rural areas, like Banyumas. The aim of this paper is to shed some light on sindhen practice in Banyumas territory; and to investigate its history, performance practice, repertoires, and vocal style. The research outcomes reveal how Banyumas singing tradition has many common traits with Yogyakarta and Surakarta vocal practices, though it maintains some specificities, index of the pluralism of Javanese music and performing arts.

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