scholarly journals Evaluation of the genotoxic and mutagenic potentials of phytotherapic and homeopathic solutions of Euphorbia tirucalli Lineu (Aveloz)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (35) ◽  
pp. 71-72
Author(s):  
Juliana Patrão De Paiva ◽  
Livia Gonçalves Dos Santos Lima ◽  
Camila Monteiro Siqueira ◽  
Janine Simas Cardoso ◽  
Carla Holandino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ames Test ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Survival Fraction ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Euphorbia Tirucalli

Introduction: Euphorbia tirucalli Lineu, commonly known as Aveloz, is a very common plant found in tropical regions [1]. The ingestion or contact with its latex causes symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea, pallor, skin irritation, hepatotoxicity as well as carcinogenesis [2]. Moreover, the Aveloz latex is also responsible for a few important activities against some infectious and neoplastic diseases. Aveloz latex phytochemical composition may vary according to seasonal aspects and geographic location [3], and it is used either orally or topically in traditional medicine. Popularly known as an antitumoral agent (breast, prostate, lung, kidney), it is used not only in Brazil, but in several other countries. According to the literature, the latex could have a dual behaviour, activating or inhibiting tumoral events [3-6]. However, there are few reports discussing these mechanisms. Besides, the mutagenic and genotoxic potentials of phytochemical and homeopathic Aveloz have not yet been described. Several experimental methods have been used to evaluate the mutagenic and genotoxic effects, such as Inductest, the Ames test and the chromotest. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the genotoxic and mutagenic potentials of Aveloz latex and Aveloz phytotherapic and homeopathic solutions. Methodology: In this study, Aveloz 5 and 30cH are prepared according to Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia [7], from Aveloz latex collected in the Center for Natural Products Research (NPPN) at the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro [8]. The Aveloz phytochemical solution was prepared following the doses used in folk medicine: 2 drops diluted in 250ml of water and 2 drops diluted in 25 ml of water. All test solutions were submitted to the following methodologies: (a) Inductest: assesses the ability of physical or chemical agents to promote lysogenic induction as a response to DNA damage in lysogenic bacteria; (b) The Ames test: uses indicator strains of Salmonella typhimurium, which are sensitive to substances that can induce different types of mutation; (c) Chromotest: evaluates the genotoxicity of chemicals through the induction of the bacterial SOS system. Results: In the Inductest there was no decrease in bacterial survival fraction and no increase in lysogenic cycle. As measured by The Ames test and the chromotest no mutagenic or genotoxic potentials were detected. Discussion: The homeopathic and the phytochemical Aveloz solutions were unable to produce lysogenic induction or mutagenesis in bacterial cells and they were also unable to produce genotoxic effects, as measured by chromotest. Conclusion: Our results showed that no mutagenic or genotoxic damages were induced by all Aveloz preparations studied, thus we are led to believe that patients using Aveloz as a complementary therapy present no side effects in relation to mutagenesis and genotoxicity.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Oligoribonuclease Controls Susceptibility to Polymyxin B by Regulating Pel Exopolysaccharide Production

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baopeng Yang ◽  
Yujun Jiang ◽  
Yongxin Jin ◽  
Fang Bai ◽  
Zhihui Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Bacterial Survival

Polymyxins are considered as the last resort antibiotics to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram negative pathogens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes various infections in humans. Proteins involved in lipopolysaccharide modification and maintaining inner and outer membrane integrities have been found to contribute to the bacterial resistance to polymyxins. Oligoribonuclease (Orn) is an exonuclease that regulates the homeostasis of intracellular (3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP), thereby regulating the production of extracellular polysaccharide in P. aeruginosa . Previously, we demonstrated that Orn affects the bacterial resistance to fluoroquinolone, β-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics. In this study, we found that mutation of orn increased the bacterial survival following polymyxin B treatment in a wild type P. aeruginosa strain PA14. Overexpression of c-di-GMP degradation enzymes in the orn mutant reduced the bacterial survival. By using a fluorescence labeled polymyxin B, we found that mutation of orn increased the bacterial surface bound polymyxin B. Deletion of the Pel synthesis genes or treatment with a Pel hydrolase reduced the surface bound polymyxin B and bacterial survival. We further demonstrated that Pel binds to extracellular DNA (eDNA), which traps polymyxin B and thus protects the bacterial cells. Collectively, our results revealed a novel defense mechanism against polymyxin in P. aeruginosa .

scholarly journals Evolution and Sequence Diversity of FhuA inSalmonellaandEscherichia

2018 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yejun Wang ◽  
Xiongbin Chen ◽  
Yueming Hu ◽  
Guoqiang Zhu ◽  
Aaron P. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Comparative Sequence Analysis ◽  
Sequence Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Conservation ◽  
High Selection ◽  
Clustering Pattern

ABSTRACTThefhuACDBoperon, present in a number ofEnterobacteriaceae, encodes components essential for the uptake of ferric hydroxamate type siderophores. FhuA acts not only as a transporter for physiologically important chelated ferric iron but also as a receptor for various bacteriophages, toxins, and antibiotics, which are pathogenic to bacterial cells. In this research,fhuAgene distribution and sequence diversity were investigated inEnterobacteriaceae, especiallySalmonellaandEscherichia. Comparative sequence analysis resulted in afhuAphylogenetic tree that did not match the expected phylogeny of species or trees of thefhuCDBgenes. ThefhuAsequences showed a unique mosaic clustering pattern. On the other hand, the gene sequences showed high conservation for strains from the same serovar or serotype. In total, six clusters were identified from FhuA proteins inSalmonellaandEscherichia, among which typical peptide fragment variations could be defined. Six fragmental insertions/deletions and two substitution fragments were discovered, for which the combination of polymorphism patterns could well classify the different clusters. Structural modeling demonstrated that all the six featured insertions/deletions and one substitution fragment are located at the apexes of the long loops present as part of the FhuA external pocket. These frequently mutated regions are likely under high selection pressure, with bacterial strains balancing escape from phage infection or toxin/antibiotics attack viafhuAgene mutations while maintaining the siderophore uptake activity essential for bacterial survival. The unusualfhuAclustering suggests that high-frequency exchange offhuAgenes has occurred between enterobacterial strains after distinctive species were established.

3 Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Nonoxynols 2, 4, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 30, 40, and 50

1983 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 35-60 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Dermal Toxicity ◽  
Rabbit Eye ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Cosmetic Ingredients

Nonoxynols are chemically stable ethoxylated alkylphenols which are chemically foaming and solubilizing agents. Estimates of the acute oral LD50s of nine of the Nonoxynols (-2 to 15) range from 0.62 to 7.4 g/kg in several animal species. Acute dermal toxicity studies in rabbits produced an LD50 range of 1.8 ml/kg to 4.4 g/kg. Skin irritation tests on rabbits indicated that Nonoxynols are nonirritating to moderately irritating. Nonoxynol compounds with short ethoxylated chains are generally severe ocular irritants, whereas long-chained Nonoxynols are only slightly irritating to the rabbit eye. No evidence of carcinogenicity was observed when Nonoxynol-4 and 9 were fed to both dogs and rats. A mutagenicity study of these two compounds by the Ames test was negative. Undiluted Nonoxynol-4 and 9 were nonirritating and nonsensitizing in clinical studies. A 50% solution of Nonoxynol-15 and/or Nonoxynol-50 produced no irritation or sensitization when tested on 168 subjects, nor was there evidence of phototoxicity when tested on a subset of this population. It is concluded that Nonoxynols 2, 4, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 30, 40, and 50 are safe as cosmetic ingredients.

Final Amended Report on the Safety Assessment of Octyldodecyl Stearoyl Stearate1

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Keyword(s):  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Skin Permeation ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Skin Reactions ◽  
Ocular Irritation ◽  
Safety Assessments

Octyldodecyl Stearoyl stearate is an ester that functions as a skin-conditioning agent and viscosity-increasing agent. It is reported to be used in 105 cosmetic products at concentrations from 2% to 15%. In an isolated human skin permeation and penetration study, 0.005% of the applied dose permeated the skin, around 3% was found in the epidermis, around 1.5% was in tape stripped skin layers, and around 95% stayed in the material applied to the skin. A formulation having 20.6 % Octyldodecyl Stearoyl stearate was classified as minimally to mildly irritating in an in vitro ocular irritation assay. Several tests of products containing from 7.5% to 12.7% Octyldodecyl Stearoyl stearate using rabbits produced minimal to mild ocular irritation. One test of 100% Octyldodecyl Stearoyl stearate (a trade compound) and another of 10% Octyldodecyl Stearoyl stearate in corn oil using rabbits produced no ocular irritation. Tests using rabbits demonstrated that Octyldodecyl Stearoyl stearate at use concentrations was non- to mildly irritating to skin; only one study reported moderate irritation. Octyldodecyl Stearoyl stearate was not mutagenic, with or without S-9 activation, in an Ames test and did not produce a significant increase in micronucleated cells in a mouse in vivo study. In clinical single-insult patch tests at use concentrations, Octyldodecyl Stearoyl stearate was nonirritating to mildly irritating; in a cumulative irritation study, it caused mild irritation. Octyldodecyl Stearoyl stearate was nonsensitizing in clinical tests. Because few toxicity data were available on Octyldodecyl Stearoyl Stearate, summaries of data from existing safety assessments of related ingredients (Octyl Dodecanol, Stearic Acid, and Octyl Stearate) were included. Undiluted Octyl Dodecanol was nontoxic during acute oral and dermal studies using rats and guinea pigs. Stearic Acid was nontoxic to rats during acute oral studies, but caused toxicity during subchronic studies. Rabbits treated topically with the acid were not affected adversely, and mild erythema and slight induration were observed when Stearic Acid was administered intradermally to guinea pigs and rabbits. Octyl stearate had very low acute oral toxicity in rats and mice. Octyl Dodecanol produced only transient mild ocular irritation in rabbits when administered at concentrations up to 100%. Octyl Dodecanol (30% and 100%) was nonirritating to skin in one study using rabbits. In another study using multiple species, 100% Octyl Dodecanol (described as technical grade) caused severe skin irritation in rabbits, moderate irritation in guinea pigs and rats, and no irritation in swine. Stearic Acid was non- to moderately irritating in animal studies, and did not cause photosensitization. In studies using rabbits, undiluted Octyl stearate caused slight, transient ocular irritation, and minimal skin irritation. Stearic Acid did not induce mitotic crossovers and aneuploidy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and was nonmutagenic in the Ames test. In a feeding study using mice, Stearic Acid was noncarcinogenic at doses up to 50 g/kg/day. Mice given subcutaneous injections of the acid had low incidences of carcinomas, sarcomas, and lymphomas. In clinical studies, concentrations of up to 100% Octyl Dodecanol were non- to mildly irritating, nonsensitizing, nonphototoxic, and non-photosensitizing. Stearic Acid was nonirritating at concentrations up to 100%, and at concentrations up to 13% it was nonsensitizing and nonphotosensitizing. Octyl stearate (7.6%) in formulation was nonirritating, nonsensitizing, and nonphotosensitizing. Based on skin permeation and penetration data, the Panel does not expect any significant amount of Octyldodecyl Stearoyl stearate to be systemically available. There is no evidence of systemic toxicity associated with any of the related chemicals reviewed in previous safety assessments. None of the available toxicology or clinical data suggest a concern about adverse skin reactions to Octyldodecyl Stearoyl Stearate, or to any of the related chemicals. There is no evidence of ocular toxicity, except for a mild, transient ocular irritation associated with Octyldodecyl Stearoyl stearate and the related chemicals. Overall, Octyldodecyl Stearoyl stearate was considered safe as used in cosmetics.

scholarly journals EseE of Edwardsiella tarda Augments Secretion of Translocon Protein EseC and Expression of theescC-eseEOperon

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (8) ◽  
pp. 2336-2344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Yi ◽  
Shui Bing Xiao ◽  
Zhi Xiong Zeng ◽  
Jin Fang Lu ◽  
Lu Yi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Edwardsiella Tarda ◽  
Supernatant Fraction ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chaperone Protein ◽  
Pulldown Assay ◽  
Novel Protein

Edwardsiella tardais an important Gram-negative pathogen that employs a type III secretion system (T3SS) to deliver effectors into host cells to facilitate bacterial survival and replication. These effectors are translocated into host cells through a translocon complex composed of three secreted proteins, namely, EseB, EseC, and EseD. The secretion of EseB and EseD requires a chaperone protein called EscC, whereas the secretion of EseC requires the chaperone EscA. In this study, we identified a novel protein (EseE) that also regulates the secretion of EseC. AneseEdeletion mutant secreted much less EseC into supernatants, accompanied by increased EseC levels within bacterial cells. We also demonstrated that EseE interacted directly with EseC in a pulldown assay. Interestingly, EseC, EseE, and EscA were able to form a ternary complex, as revealed by pulldown and gel filtration assays. Of particular importance, the deletion ofeseEresulted in decreased levels of EseB and EseD proteins in both the bacterial pellet and supernatant fraction. Furthermore, real-time PCR assays showed that EseE positively regulated the transcription of the translocon operonescC-eseE, comprisingescC,eseB,escA,eseC,eseD, andeseE. These effects of EseE on the translocon components/operon appeared to have a functional consequence, since the ΔeseEstrain was outcompeted by wild-typeE. tardain a mixed infection in blue gourami fish. Collectively, our results demonstrate that EseE not only functions as a chaperone for EseC but also acts as a positive regulator controlling the expression of the translocon operonescC-eseE, thus contributing to the pathogenesis ofE. tardain fish.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the genotoxic and mutagenic potentials of a living nosode compounded with Influenza A virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (36) ◽  
pp. 180-182
Author(s):  
Juliana Paiva ◽  
Camila Siqueira ◽  
Carla Holandino ◽  
Alvaro Leitao
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Survival Fraction ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Aseptic Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Background: The influenza virus has been responsible for contagious respiratory diseases with high mortality rates [1]. Some drugs have been used to treat human influenza. However, these drugs cause many common side effects and induce the appearance of resistant viral strains [2]. The impact caused by the influenza virus has motivated the development of new approaches for the prevention and control of influenza [3]. Therefore, a new homeopathic medicine was developed using, as a starting point, the infectious influenza virus [4]. This belongs to a group called living nosodes [5]. However, its mutagenic and genotoxic potentials, especially when used in low dilutions, has not yet been evaluated and it is important because this biotherapic is prepared from living microorganisms. Different methods can be used to detect mutagenic and genotoxicic effects. Aims: This study aims to evaluate the genotoxic and mutagenic potentials of influenza A living nosode at different homeopathic potencies. Methodology: 1 ml of purified viral suspension was diluted in 9 ml of sterile distilled water. This sample was submitted to 100 mechanical succussions (approximately 3 Hz), using Autic® Brazilian machine, originating the first dilution, named decimal (1x). 1 ml of this solution was diluted in 9 ml of solvent and was submitted to 100 sucussions, generating biotherapic 2x. This procedure was successively repeated, according to Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia, to obtain the biotherapic 30x [6]. By the same technique, water vehicle was prepared until 30x potency to be used as control. All samples were prepared in sterile and under aseptic conditions, using laminar flow cabinet, class II, and were stored in the refrigerator (8ºC). The samples 1x, 6x, 12x, 18x, 24x and 30x and water 30x (vehicle control) were analysed by: the Inductest, which assesses the ability of physical or chemical agents to promote lysogenic induction as a reflection of damage in DNA molecules in lysogenic bacteria, and the Ames test, which uses indicator strains of Salmonella typhimurium, sensitive to substances that can induce different types of mutation. Results: The Inductest showed no decrease in the survival fraction of the bacteria used, and no increase in the formation of lysogenic induction, in any tested potency. The same profile was obtained after the Ames test, with similar results to negative control. Conclusion: We can conclude that this living nosode compounded with Influenza A virus is not able to induce DNA damage in prokaryotic cells. This result permits us to conclude that patients who use this medicine have no side effects related to mutagenesis and genotoxicity.

scholarly journals Biophysical and proteomic analyses suggest functions of Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 extracellular vesicles in bacterial growth during plant infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Janda ◽  
Christina Ludwig ◽  
Katarzyna Rybak ◽  
Chen Meng ◽  
Egidio Stigliano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Membrane Vesicle ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Plant Infection

SummaryVesiculation is a process employed by Gram-negative bacteria to release extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the environment. Bacterial EVs contain molecular cargo from the donor bacterium and play important roles in bacterial survival and growth. Here, we describe EV production in plant-pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pto DC3000), the causal agent of bacterial speck disease. Cultured Pto DC3000 exhibited EV structures both on the cell surface and in the vicinity of bacterial cells, observed as outer membrane vesicle (OMV) release. We used in-solution trypsin digestion coupled to mass spectrometry to identify 369 proteins enriched in EVs recovered from cultured Pto DC3000. The predicted localization profile of EV proteins supports the production of EVs also in the form of outer-inner-membrane vesicles (OIMVs). EV production varied slightly between bacterial lifestyles and also occurred in planta. The potential contribution of EVs to Pto DC3000 plant infection was assessed using plant treatments and bioinformatic analysis of the EV-enriched proteins. While these results identify immunogenic activities of the EVs, they also point at roles for EVs in bacterial defences and nutrient acquisition by Pto DC3000.

scholarly journals Deciphering Streptococcal Biofilms

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1835
Author(s):  
Puja Yadav ◽  
Shalini Verma ◽  
Richard Bauer ◽  
Monika Kumari ◽  
Meenakshi Dua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
Biofilm Growth

Streptococci are a diverse group of bacteria, which are mostly commensals but also cause a considerable proportion of life-threatening infections. They colonize many different host niches such as the oral cavity, the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tract. While these host compartments impose different environmental conditions, many streptococci form biofilms on mucosal membranes facilitating their prolonged survival. In response to environmental conditions or stimuli, bacteria experience profound physiologic and metabolic changes during biofilm formation. While investigating bacterial cells under planktonic and biofilm conditions, various genes have been identified that are important for the initial step of biofilm formation. Expression patterns of these genes during the transition from planktonic to biofilm growth suggest a highly regulated and complex process. Biofilms as a bacterial survival strategy allow evasion of host immunity and protection against antibiotic therapy. However, the exact mechanisms by which biofilm-associated bacteria cause disease are poorly understood. Therefore, advanced molecular techniques are employed to identify gene(s) or protein(s) as targets for the development of antibiofilm therapeutic approaches. We review our current understanding of biofilm formation in different streptococci and how biofilm production may alter virulence-associated characteristics of these species. In addition, we have summarized the role of surface proteins especially pili proteins in biofilm formation. This review will provide an overview of strategies which may be exploited for developing novel approaches against biofilm-related streptococcal infections.

scholarly journals A Matter of Timing: Contrasting Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide on Oxidative Stress Response in Shewanella oneidensis

2015 ◽  
Vol 197 (22) ◽  
pp. 3563-3572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genfu Wu ◽  
Fen Wan ◽  
Huihui Fu ◽  
Ning Li ◽  
Haichun Gao
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Shewanella Oneidensis ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
Intracellular Iron ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Stress Responding

ABSTRACTHydrogen sulfide (H2S), well known for its toxic properties, has recently become a research focus in bacteria, in part because it has been found to prevent oxidative stress caused by treatment with some antibiotics. H2S has the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus preventing oxidative stress, but it is also toxic, leading to conflicting reports of its effects in different organisms. Here, withShewanella oneidensisas a model, we report that the effects of H2S on the response to oxidative stress are time dependent. When added simultaneously with H2O2, H2S promoted H2O2toxicity by inactivating catalase, KatB, a heme-containing enzyme involved in H2O2degradation. Such an inhibitory effect may apply to other heme-containing proteins, such as cytochromecbb3oxidase. When H2O2was supplied 20 min or later after the addition of H2S, the oxidative-stress-responding regulator OxyR was activated, resulting in increased resistance to H2O2. The activation of OxyR was likely triggered by the influx of iron, a response to lowered intracellular iron due to the iron-sequestering property of H2S. Given thatShewanellabacteria thrive in redox-stratified environments that have abundant sulfur and iron species, our results imply that H2S is more important for bacterial survival in such environmental niches than previously believed.IMPORTANCEPrevious studies have demonstrated that H2S is either detrimental or beneficial to bacterial cells. While it can act as a growth-inhibiting molecule by damaging DNA and denaturing proteins, it helps cells to combat oxidative stress. Here we report that H2S indeed has these contrasting biological functions and that its effects are time dependent. Immediately after H2S treatment, there is growth inhibition due to damage of heme-containing proteins, at least to catalase and cytochromecoxidase. In contrast, when added a certain time later, H2S confers an enhanced ability to combat oxidative stress by activating the H2O2-responding regulator OxyR. Our data reconcile conflicting observations about the functions of H2S.

Genotoxicity of Aqueous Extract From Heated Cooking Oils and its Suppression by Lactobacilli

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Isidori ◽  
A. Parrella
Keyword(s):  
Ames Test ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Sos Response ◽  
Smoke Point ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Sos Chromotest ◽  
Genotoxic Activity ◽  
Cooking Oils ◽  
Mutagenic Effects ◽  
Double Heat Treatment

In the present study the mutagenic and genotoxic effects of aqueous extracts from six cooking oils (extra vergine olive, peanut, sunflower, soybean, corn, and various seeds oils) heated to the respective smoke point were investigated. The Ames test and the SOS Chromotest were carried out for this evaluation. The same oils were also tested after their re-frying, simulating domestic reuse process. Furthermore, the ability of different lactobacilli to reduce the potential genotoxic activity of the fried and re-fried oils was determined applying SOS Chromotest after co-incubation of samples with lactobacilli. The results showed that all the fried oils did not produce mutagenic effects while they induced a SOS response with the highest induction factor for the corn oil. Double heat-treatment caused an increase of the genotoxic activity until two times the first heating. The most susceptible oil to the re-frying procedure was the sunflower oil. The antigenotoxicity results were expressed as percent of genotoxicity inhibition. All the tested strains of lactobacilli exhibited antigenotoxic properties on the fried oils.

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