scholarly journals Modifications of lampbrush chromosome structure of the European domestic goose <i>Anser anser</i>

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-96
Author(s):  
K. Andraszek ◽  
E. Smalec
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Lampbrush Chromosomes ◽  
Anser Anser ◽  
Transcription Activity ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Regulation Changes ◽  
Model Structures

Abstract. Lampbrush chromosomes (LBCs) represent a new model in avian cytogenetics and are increasingly more often used in poultry chromosome analyses. Additionally, lampbrush chromosomes are considered as model structures in the study of transcription regulation. Changes in transcription activity are reflected as modifications of LBC morphological structure and associated with physiological processes in the organism. The aim of the present study was to compare transcriptional activity of the first five lampbrush macrochromosomes and ZW sex lampbrush bivalents sampled from the oocytes of geese prior to and after the reproductive period. The respective bivalents sampled before and after reproduction have similar sizes but differ in morphological structure. Side loops of lampbrush chromosomes are sites of transcription activity. The activity varies according to the loop size. As the loops become more prominent, the activity grows and vice versa. Lampbrush chromosomes sampled after reproduction have smaller side loops. On the other hand, inactive chromomeres become prominent in the chromosomes. Marker loops are the last structures to be degraded after the end of reproduction. Consequently, they are used for identifying particular bivalents at different stages of cellular transcriptional activity.

scholarly journals Comparison of active transcription regions of lampbrush chromosomes with the mitotic chromosome G pattern in the European domestic goose <i>Anser anser</i>

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
K. Andraszek ◽  
E. Smalec
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Chromosome ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Lampbrush Chromosomes ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Anser Anser ◽  
Transcription Activity ◽  
Meiotic Chromosomes ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Active Transcription

Abstract. The most complete information on the karyotype is acquired through the observation of chromosomes obtained from dividing cells. A high number of chromosomes and the presence of microchromosomes in the bird karyotype have made cytogeneticists look for other sources of information on chromosomes. Information sources of great value for the bird karyotype analysis are meiotic chromosomes, specifically represented by lampbrush chromosomes. Lampbrush chromosomes (LBCs) found in developing oocytes of birds are perceived as a new model in cytogenetics which is especially important in the analysis of bird chromosomes. A typical LBC analysis enables one to assess transcription activity on the basis of LBC morphology (inactive chromomeres and side loops). A comparison of lampbrush chromosome transcription activity and the GTG pattern of the corresponding mitotic chromosomes have proven that active transcription regions with side loops correspond to G-positive bands on mitotic chromosomes.

scholarly journals Molecular cloning of a novel human cDNA encoding a zinc finger protein that binds to the interleukin-3 promoter.

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 5099-5107 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Koyano-Nakagawa ◽  
J Nishida ◽  
D Baldwin ◽  
K Arai ◽  
T Yokota
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Regulatory Region ◽  
Jurkat Cells ◽  
Type I ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cell Leukemia Virus Type ◽  
Transcription Activity ◽  
Interleukin 3

The CT/GC-rich region (-76 to -47) is one transcriptional regulatory region of the interleukin-3 (IL-3) gene which confers basic transcriptional activity and responds to trans-activation by human T-cell leukemia virus type I-encoded Tax. We isolated three types of cDNAs encoding Cys2/His2-type zinc finger proteins that bind to this region. Two were identical to known transcription factors, EGR1 and EGR2, and the other clone, named DB1, encoded a novel protein of 516 amino acids with six zinc finger motifs. DB1 mRNA was present in human tissues, ubiquitously. Two constitutive transcripts of 4.0 and 4.8 kb in length were present in Jurkat cells. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay, with specific antibodies, showed that DB1 constitutively binds to this region whereas EGR1 binds in a T-cell activation-dependent manner. Overexpression of DB1 in Jurkat cells had no detectable effect on the transcription activity of the IL-3 promoter, in a transient-transfection assay. EGR1 and EGR2 increased IL-3 promoter activity when the transfected cells were stimulated with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate and A23187. When DB1 was cotransfected with a Tax expression vector, transcription activity of the IL-3 promoter induced by Tax was significantly increased, while EGR1 and EGR2 were without effect. These results suggest that EGR1 has a role in inducible transcription of the IL-3 gene, while DB1 sustains basal transcriptional activity and also cooperates with Tax to activate the IL-3 promoter.

scholarly journals PENGARUH TERAPI JAHE (ZINGIBERS OFFICINALE ROSC.) TERHADAP PENURUNAN NYERI DISMENORHOE DI AKADEMI KEBIDANAN AIFA HUSADA MADURA

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Sylvina Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Reduction Of Pain ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Almost All

Menstruation is a sign of reproductive period in women’s life. But for some women are not like that, there are various kinds of disorders and discomfort when menstruation, such as premenstrual syndrome, dismenorhoe. Based on preliminary studies in midwifery Academy Aifa Husada Madura on Maret 20th 2016 from 107 female students of semester 4 to 59 female students (55,1%) experienced dismenorhoe, and 48 female students (44,9%) did not experience dismenorhoe. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of ginger therapy toward the decreasing of dismenorhoe pain. The research methods are experiment (Experiment Research). The study design used One Group Pre-Post Test Design model and the sampling technique used accidental. Independent variable in this study was giving of ginger therapy and the dependent used variable in this study was reduction of pain scale dismenorhoe. The instrument used rating scale through observations of respondents before and after given ginger therapy. The samples were taken mostly the female students who experienced dismenorhoe in Midwifery Academy Aifa Husada Madura were 51 respondents. And the results were analyzed using wilconox test (α = 0,05). The result showed that some respondents befor giving ginger therapy were almost experiencing pain dismenorhoe were 47,1 %. While almost all respondents after given ginger therapy was experiencing of lowing pain dismenorhoe were 78,4%. Based on wicoxon statistic test found the significant value 0,00 and α = 0,05. Because of significant value < α values (0,00 < 0,05) means that Ho is rejected and Hi is accepted. So, there is the effect of ginger therapy toward the decreasing of dismenorhoe pain at Midwifery Academy Aifa Husada Madura The research should be used as a reference material as a herbal medicine to decrease dismenorhoe pain.

scholarly journals Sp100 Interacts with ETS-1 and Stimulates Its Transcriptional Activity

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 2687-2702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Wasylyk ◽  
Sophie E. Schlumberger ◽  
Paola Criqui-Filipe ◽  
Bohdan Wasylyk
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Nuclear Body ◽  
Core Component ◽  
Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein ◽  
The Core ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Interaction Domains ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Ets Family ◽  
Nuclear Structures

ABSTRACT The cell nucleus is highly organized into distinct domains that spatially separate physiological processes. One of these domains, the Sp100-promyelocytic leukemia protein nuclear body (NB), is implicated in pathological processes, such as cancer and viral infection, yet its functions remain poorly understood. We show here that Sp100 interacts physically and functionally with ETS-1 and that NB morphology is affected by ETS-1. ETS-1 is a member of the ets family of transcription factors, which are key mediators of physiological and pathological processes. We have found that Sp100 interacts with two regions of ETS-1 (domains A+B and D+E+F). ETS-1 alters NBs while remaining localized throughout the nucleus, apparently by recruitment of the core component Sp100 away from the NBs. Sp100 strongly increases ETS-1 activation of natural and ets-focused promoters, through a mechanism involving the activation (C) domain of ETS-1 in addition to the interaction domains. Sp100 acts as a novel coactivator that potentiates the activator function of ETS-1. Our results provide an important new connection between nuclear structures and an important regulator of gene expression.

Heat acclimation and physical training adaptations of young women using different contraceptive hormones

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (5) ◽  
pp. E868-E875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence E. Armstrong ◽  
Carl M. Maresh ◽  
NiCole R. Keith ◽  
Tabatha A. Elliott ◽  
Jaci L. VanHeest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Heat Acclimation ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Muscular Endurance ◽  
Training Adaptations ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Although endogenous and exogenous steroid hormones affect numerous physiological processes, the interactions of reproductive hormones, chronic exercise training, and heat acclimation are unknown. This investigation evaluated the responses and adaptations of 36 inactive females [age 21 ± 3 (SD) yr] as they undertook a 7- to 8-wk program [heat acclimation and physical training (HAPT)] of indoor heat acclimation (90 min/day, 3 days/wk) and outdoor physical training (3 days/wk) while using either an oral estradiol-progestin contraceptive (ORAL, n = 15), a contraceptive injection of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DEPO, n = 7), or no contraceptive (EU-OV, n = 14; control). Standardized physical fitness and exercise-heat tolerance tests (36.5°C, 37% relative humidity), administered before and after HAPT, demonstrated that the three subject groups successfully ( P < 0.05) acclimated to heat (i.e., rectal temperature, heart rate) and improved muscular endurance (i.e., sit-ups, push-ups, 4.6-km run time) and body composition characteristics. The stress of HAPT did not disrupt the menstrual cycle length/phase characteristics, ovulation, or plasma hormone concentrations of EU-OV. No between-group differences ( P > 0.05) existed for rectal and skin temperatures or metabolic, cardiorespiratory, muscular endurance, or body composition variables. A significant difference post-HAPT in the onset temperature of local sweating, ORAL (37.2 ± 0.4°C) vs. DEPO (37.7 ± 0.2°C), suggested that steroid hormones influenced this adaptation. In summary, virtually all adaptations of ORAL and DEPO were similar to EU-OV, suggesting that exogenous reproductive hormones neither enhanced nor impaired the ability of women to complete 7–8 wk of strenuous physical training and heat acclimation.

scholarly journals Transcriptome-wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Brachypodium distachyon Transposons in Response to Viral Infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 1156
Author(s):  
Tuğba Gürkök
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Breeding Strategies ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Transcription Activity ◽  
Transcriptomic Data ◽  
Intergenic Regions

Transposable elements (TEs) are the most abundant group of genomic elements in plants that can be found in genic or intergenic regions of their host genomes. Several stimuli such as biotic or abiotic stress have roles in either activating their transcription or transposition. Here the effect of the Panicum mosaic virus (PMV) and its satellite virus (SPMV) infection on the transposon transcription of the Brachypodium distachyon model plant was investigated. To evaluate the transcription activity of TEs, transcriptomic data of mock and virus inoculated plants were compared. Our results indicate that major components of TEs are retroelements in all RNA-seq libraries. The number of transcribed TEs detected in mock inoculated plants is higher than virus inoculated plants. In comparison with mock inoculated plants 13% of the TEs showed at least two folds alteration upon PMV infection and 21% upon PMV+SPMV infection. Rather than inoculation with PMV alone inoculation with PMV+SPMV together also increased various TE encoding transcripts expressions. MuDR-N78C_OS encoding transcript was strongly up-regulated against both PMV and PMV+SPMV infection. The synergism generated by PMV and SPMV together enhanced TE transcripts expressions than PMV alone. It was observed that viral infection induced the transcriptional activity of several transposons. The results suggest that increased expressions of TEs might have a role in response to biotic stress in B. distachyon. Identification of TEs which are taking part in stress can serve useful information for functional genomics and designing novel breeding strategies in developing stress resistance crops.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Indoor Plants for the Removal of Single and Mixed Volatile Organic Pollutants and Physiological Effects of the Volatiles on the Plants

2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mung Hwa Yoo ◽  
Youn Jung Kwon ◽  
Ki-Cheol Son ◽  
Stanley J. Kays
Keyword(s):  
Time Of Day ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Hedera Helix ◽  
Indoor Plants ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Volatile Organic Pollutants ◽  
Closed Environment ◽  
English Ivy

Foliage plants of Hedera helix L. (english ivy), Spathiphyllum wallisii Regal (peace lily), Syngonium podophyllum Schott. (nephthytis), and Cissus rhombifolia Vahl. (grape ivy) were evaluated for their ability to remove two indoor volatile organic air pollutants, benzene and toluene. Removal was monitored when the aerial portion of plants was exposed singly to 1 μL·L-1 or to 0.5 μL·L-1 of each gas in a closed environment over 6-hour periods during the day and the night. Selected physiological processes were assessed before and immediately after treatment to determine the effect of the gases on the plants. The effectiveness of plants in the removal of air pollutant(s) varied with species, time of day, and whether the gases were present singly or as a mixture. When exposed to a single gas, S. wallisii, S. podophyllum, and H. helix displayed higher removal efficiencies (ng·m-3·h-1·cm-2 leaf area) of either gas than C. rhombifolia during the day. The efficiency of removal changed when both gases were present; H. helix was substantially more effective in the removal of either benzene or toluene than the other species, with the removal of toluene more than double that of benzene. When exposed singly, the removal of both compounds was generally higher during the day than during the night for all species; however, when present simultaneously, H. helix removal efficiency during the night was similar to the day indicating that stomatal diffusion for english ivy was not a major factor. The results indicated an interaction between gases in uptake by the plant, the presence of different avenues for uptake, and the response of a single gas was not necessarily indicative of the response when other gases are present. Changes in the rates of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration before and after exposure indicated that the volatiles adversely affected the plants and the effects were not consistent across species and gases. Deleterious effects of volatile pollutants on indoor plants may be critical in their efficacy in improving indoor air quality and warrant further study.

scholarly journals NMR Characterization of Angiogenin Variants and tRNAAla Products Impacting Aberrant Protein Oligomerization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Fagagnini ◽  
Sabrina Fasoli ◽  
Miguel Garavís ◽  
Irene Gómez-Pinto ◽  
Giovanni Gotte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Structure ◽  
Protein Oligomerization ◽  
Active Site Residues ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Nmr Characterization ◽  
G Quadruplex ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rna Fragments ◽  
Aberrant Protein

Protein oligomerzation is key to countless physiological processes, but also to abnormal amyloid conformations implicated in over 25 mortal human diseases. Angiogenin (h-ANG), a ribonuclease A family member, produces RNA fragments that regulate ribosome formation, the creation of new blood vessels and stress granule function. Too little h-ANG activity leads abnormal protein oligomerization resulting in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) or Parkinson&rsquo;s disease. While a score of disease linked h-ANG mutants has been studied by X-ray diffraction, some elude crystallization. There is also debate regarding the structure that RNA fragments adopt after cleavage by h-ANG. Here, to better understand the beginning of the process that leads to aberrant protein oligomerization, the solution secondary structure and residue-level dynamics of WT h-ANG and two mutants: H13A and R121C, are characterized by multidimensional heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy under near physiological conditions. All three variants are found to adopt well folded and highly rigid structures in solution, although the elements of secondary structure are somewhat shorter than those observed in cystallography studies. R121C alters the environment of nearby residues only. By constrast, the mutation H13A affects local residues as well as nearby active site residues residues K41 and H119. The conformation characterization by CD and 1D 1H NMR spectroscopies of tRNAAla before and after h-ANG cleavage reveals a retention of most duplex structure and little or no G-quadruplex formation.

scholarly journals Leukocyte Activation and Antioxidative Defense Are Interrelated and Moderately Modified by n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-Enriched Eggs Consumption—Double-Blind Controlled Randomized Clinical Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3122
Author(s):  
Martina Mihalj ◽  
Ana Stupin ◽  
Nikolina Kolobarić ◽  
Ivana Tartaro Bujak ◽  
Anita Matić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Antioxidative Defense ◽  
Leukocyte Activation ◽  
Microvascular Endothelium ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Oxidative Balance ◽  
Randomized Clinical Study ◽  
Before And After

This placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized, interventional study investigated the effects of low/intermediate doses of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on the endothelial function, markers of leukocyte activation, and oxidative status following dietary intake of n-3 PUFA-enriched hen eggs in young healthy individuals. Twenty young healthy adults of both sexes who consumed n-3 PUFA-enriched hen eggs (two eggs per day, for three weeks, total of approximately 407 mg/day n-3 PUFAs) or regular eggs (two eggs per day for three weeks, total of approximately 75 mg/day n-3 PUFAs) participated in this study. Skin microvascular endothelium-independent and endothelium-dependent vasodilation were assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry. Serum lipid profile and content of free fatty acids, markers of leukocyte activation, biochemical parameters of oxidative stress, as well as antioxidative enzymes serum activity were measured before and after respective dietary protocol. The results of this study revealed significant differences in the markers of leukocyte activation (such as CD11a/LFA-1) and antioxidative defense, which are related to increased intake of n-3 PUFAs, providing the evidence that consumption of nutritionally enriched hen eggs may affect physiological processes related to oxidative balance. The absence of significant changes in microvascular reactivity following supplementation with a low-intermediate dose of n-3 PUFAs, unlike in our previous studies where functional eggs contained ~1 g of n-3 PUFA, suggests the existence of a dose-dependent effect.

Opioid prescribing trends: Changes after focused hospital resident education and after subsequent adoption of new state regulations

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
Victoria Simmons, MD ◽  
Sejul Chaudhary, MD ◽  
Karen Hagglund, MS ◽  
R. David Hayward, PhD ◽  
Elango Edhayan, MD
Keyword(s):  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
State Regulations ◽  
Surgical Residents ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Prescribing Trends ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Regulation Changes

Objective: We examined changes in opioid prescriptions after outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) before and after (1) an educational intervention for surgical residents and (2) subsequent changes in state regulations for handling these prescriptions.Design: A single-institution retrospective review evaluated opioids prescribed on discharge in morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) over three periods: Period 1, prior to educational intervention (October 1, 2017 to January 31, 2018); Period 2, after intervention and before regulation changes occurred (February 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018); and Period 3, after changes in regulations went into effect (June 1, 2018 to September 30, 2018).Setting: A large urban teaching hospital in Detroit, Michigan. Patients: All adults receiving outpatient LC during one of the study periods. Patients with a history of regular opioid use prior to surgery were excluded. There were 49 patients in Period 1, 57 in Period 2, and 51 in Period 3.Interventions: All general surgery residents participated in an education session focusing on problems related to opioid addiction, prescribing trends, and multimodal pain control options in February 2018.Main outcome measure: Mean MME per patient was compared between time periods.Results: Average MME was reduced from 87.11 in Period 1 to 65.96 in Period 2 to 51.80 in Period 3. Analysis of variance showed MME differed significantly among the periods. Scheffe post hoc t-tests showed MME prescribed during Periods 2 and 3 were each significantly lower than Period 1, whereas Periods 2 and 3 did not differ significantly.Conclusions: MME prescribed after outpatient LC significantly decreased after the educational intervention and remained low after state mandate went into effect.

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