scholarly journals Gas properties of winter lake ice in Northern Sweden: implication for carbon gas release

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 827-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Boereboom ◽  
M. Depoorter ◽  
S. Coppens ◽  
J.-L. Tison
Keyword(s):  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Boreal Lakes ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Lake Ice ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Discontinuous Permafrost ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gas Properties

Abstract. This paper describes gas composition, total gas content and bubbles characteristics in winter lake ice for four adjacent lakes in a discontinuous permafrost area. Our gas mixing ratios for O2, N2, CO2, and CH4 suggest that gas exchange occurs between the bubbles and the water before entrapment in the ice. Comparison between lakes enabled us to identify 2 major "bubbling events" shown to be related to a regional drop of atmospheric pressure. Further comparison demonstrates that winter lake gas content is strongly dependent on hydrological connections: according to their closed/open status with regards to water exchange, lakes build up more or less greenhouse gases (GHG) in their water and ice cover during the winter, and release it during spring melt. These discrepancies between lakes need to be taken into account when establishing a budget for permafrost regions. Our analysis allows us to present a new classification of bubbles, according to their gas properties. Our methane emission budgets (from 6.52 10−5 to 12.7 mg CH4 m−2 d−1 at 4 different lakes) for the three months of winter ice cover is complementary to other budget estimates, as our approach encompasses inter- and intra-lake variability. Most available studies on boreal lakes have focused on quantifying GHG emissions from sediment by means of various systems collecting gases at the lake surface, and this mainly during the summer "open water" period. Only few of these have looked at the gas enclosed in the winter ice-cover itself. Our approach enables us to integrate, for the first time, the history of winter gas emission for this type of lakes.

scholarly journals Gas properties of winter lake ice in Northern Sweden: biogeochemical processes and implication for carbon gas release

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 9639-9669 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Boereboom ◽  
M. Depoorter ◽  
S. Coppens ◽  
J.-L. Tison
Keyword(s):  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Boreal Lakes ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Lake Ice ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Discontinuous Permafrost ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gas Properties

Abstract. This paper describes gas composition, total gas content and bubbles characteristics in winter lake ice for four adjacent lakes in a discontinuous permafrost area. Our gas mixing ratios suggest that gas exchange occurs between the bubbles and the water before entrapment in the ice. Comparison between lakes enabled us to identify 2 major "bubbling events" shown to be related to a regional drop of atmospheric pressure. Further comparison demonstrates that winter lake gas content is strongly dependent on hydrological connections: according to their closed/open status with regards to water exchange, lakes build up more or less greenhouse gases (GHG) in their water and ice cover during the winter, and release it during spring melt. These discrepancies between lakes need to be taken into account when establishing a budget for permafrost regions. Our analysis allows us to present a new classification of bubbles, according to their gas properties. Our methane emission budget (from 6.52 10−5 to 12.7 mg CH4 m−2 d−1) for the three months of winter ice cover is complementary to the other budget estimates, taking into account the variability of the gas distribution in the ice and between the various types of lakes. Most available studies on boreal lakes have focused on quantifying GHG emissions from sediment by means of various systems collecting gases at the lake surface, and this mainly during the summer "open water" period. Only few of these have looked at the gas enclosed in the winter ice-cover itself. Our approach enables us to integrate, for the first time, the history of winter gas emission for this type of lakes.

Phenology of alpine zooplankton populations and the importance of lake ice-out

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly A Loria ◽  
Kyle R Christianson ◽  
Pieter T J Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Open Water ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Lake Ice ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Phenological Shifts ◽  
Hesperodiaptomus Shoshone ◽  
Term Data ◽  
Alpine Zooplankton ◽  
Observation Period

Abstract The prolonged ice cover inherent to alpine lakes incurs unique challenges for aquatic life, which are compounded by recent shifts in the timing and duration of ice cover. To understand the responses of alpine zooplankton, we analyzed a decade (2009–2019) of open-water samples of Daphnia pulicaria and Hesperodiaptomus shoshone for growth, reproduction and ultraviolet radiation tolerance. Due to reproductive differences between taxa, we expected clonal cladocerans to exhibit a more rapid response to ice-cover changes relative to copepods dependent on sexual reproduction. For D. pulicaria, biomass and melanization were lowest after ice clearance and increased through summer, whereas fecundity was highest shortly after ice-off. For H. shoshone, biomass and fecundity peaked later but were generally less variable through time. Among years, ice clearance date varied by 49 days; years with earlier ice-out and a longer growing season supported higher D. pulicaria biomass and clutch sizes along with greater H. shoshone fecundity. While these large-bodied, stress tolerant zooplankton taxa were relatively resilient to phenological shifts during the observation period, continued losses of ice cover may create unfavorably warm conditions and facilitate invasion by montane species, emphasizing the value of long-term data in assessing future changes to these sensitive ecosystems.

scholarly journals Effects of loss of perennial lake ice on mixing and phytoplankton dynamics: insights from High Arctic Canada

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (56) ◽  
pp. 56-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Veillette ◽  
Marie-Josée Martineau ◽  
Dermot Antoniades ◽  
Denis Sarrazin ◽  
Warwick F. Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Meromictic Lakes ◽  
Lake Ice ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Arctic Climate Change ◽  
Perennial Ice

AbstractPerennially ice-covered lakes are well known from Antarctica and also occur in the extreme High Arctic. Climate change has many implications for these lakes, including the thinning and disappearance of their perennial ice cover. The goal of this study was to consider the effects of transition to seasonal ice cover by way of limnological observations on a series of meromictic lakes along the northern coastline of Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada. Conductivity-temperature profiles during a rare period of ice-free conditions (August 2008) in these lakes suggested effects of wind-induced mixing of their surface freshwater layers and the onset of entrainment of water at the halocline. Sampling of the mixed layer of one of these meromictic lakes in May and August 2008 revealed a pronounced vertical structure in phytoplankton pigments and species composition, with dominance by cyanobacteria, green algae, chrysophytes, cryptophytes and dinoflagellates, and a conspicuous absence of diatoms. The loss of ice cover resulted in an 80-fold increase in water column irradiance and apparent mixing of the upper water column during a period of higher wind speeds. Zeaxanthin, a pigment found in cyanobacteria, was entirely restricted to the <3μm cell fraction at all depths and increased by a factor of 2–17, with the greatest increases in the upper halocline region subject to mixing. Consistent with the pigment data, picocyanobacterial populations increased by a factor of 3, with the highest concentration (1.65 × 108 cells L−1) in the upper halocline. Chlorophyll a concentrations and the relative importance of phytoplankton groups differed among the four lakes during the open-water period, implying lake-specific differences in phytoplankton community structure under ice-free conditions.

scholarly journals Recent changes in pan-Arctic sea ice, lake ice, and snow-on/off timing

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 4781-4805
Author(s):  
Alicia A. Dauginis ◽  
Laura C. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Climatic Change ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Regional Variability ◽  
Lake Ice ◽  
The North ◽  
Snow And Ice

Abstract. Arctic snow and ice cover are vital indicators of climate variability and change, yet while the Arctic shows overall warming and dramatic changes in snow and ice cover, the response of these high-latitude regions to recent climatic change varies regionally. Although previous studies have examined changing snow and ice separately, examining phenology changes across multiple components of the cryosphere together is important for understanding how these components and their response to climate forcing are interconnected. In this work, we examine recent changes in sea ice, lake ice, and snow together at the pan-Arctic scale using the Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System 24 km product from 1997–2019, with a more detailed regional examination from 2004–2019 using the 4 km product. We show overall that for sea ice, trends toward earlier open water (−7.7 d per decade, p<0.05) and later final freeze (10.6 d per decade, p<0.05) are evident. Trends toward earlier first snow-off (−4.9 d per decade, p<0.05), combined with trends toward earlier first snow-on (−2.8 d per decade, p<0.05), lead to almost no change in the length of the snow-free season, despite shifting earlier in the year. Sea ice-off, lake ice-off, and snow-off parameters were significantly correlated, with stronger correlations during the snow-off and ice-off season compared to the snow-on and ice-on season. Regionally, the Bering and Chukchi seas show the most pronounced response to warming, with the strongest trends identified toward earlier ice-off and later ice-on. This is consistent with earlier snow-off and lake ice-off and later snow-on and lake ice-on in west and southwest Alaska. In contrast to this, significant clustering between sea ice, lake ice, and snow-on trends in the eastern portion of the North American Arctic shows an earlier return of snow and ice. The marked regional variability in snow and ice phenology across the pan-Arctic highlights the complex relationships between snow and ice, as well as their response to climatic change, and warrants detailed monitoring to understand how different regions of the Arctic are responding to ongoing changes.

scholarly journals Arctic-Boreal Lake Phenology Shows a Relationship between Earlier Lake Ice-Out and Later Green-Up

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2533
Author(s):  
Catherine Kuhn ◽  
Aji John ◽  
Janneke Hille Ris Lambers ◽  
David Butman ◽  
Amanda Tan
Keyword(s):  
Field Measurements ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Lake Productivity ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Lake Ice ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Productivity Dynamics ◽  
Induced Changes

Satellite remote sensing has transformed our understanding of Earth processes. One component of the Earth system where large uncertainties remain are Arctic and boreal freshwater lakes. With only short periods of open water due to annual ice cover, lake productivity in these regions is extremely sensitive to warming induced changes in ice cover. At the same time, productivity dynamics in these lakes vary enormously, even over short distances, making it difficult to understand these potential changes. A major impediment to an improved understanding of lake dynamics has been sparsely distributed field measurements, in large part due to the complexity and expense of conducting scientific research in remote northern latitudes. This project overcomes that hurdle by using a new set of ‘eyes in the sky’, the Planet Labs CubeSat fleet, to observe 35 lakes across 3 different arctic-boreal ecoregions in western North America. We extract time series of lake reflectance to identify ice-out and green-up across three years (2017–2019). We find that lakes with later ice-out have significantly faster green-ups. Our results also show ice-out varies latitudinally by 38 days from south to north, but only varies across years by ~9 days. In contrast, green-up varied between years by 22 days in addition to showing significant spatial variability. We compare PlanetScope to Sentinel-2 data and independently validate our ice-out estimates, finding an ice-out mean absolute difference (MAD) ~9 days. This study demonstrates the potential of using CubeSat imagery to monitor the timing and magnitude of ice-off and green-up at high spatiotemporal resolution.

scholarly journals Carbon dioxide and methane annual emissions from two boreal reservoirs and nearby lakes in Quebec, Canada

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 2939-2963 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Demarty ◽  
J. Bastien ◽  
A. Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Co2 Fluxes ◽  
Annual Budget ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Ghg Fluxes ◽  
Measurement Campaigns

Abstract. The results of dissolved GHG (CO2 and CH4) measurement campaigns carried out in Quebec (Canada) during the open-water periods and under-ice in a newly created reservoir (Eastmain 1), a 25 year old reservoir (Robert-Bourassa) and in three reference lakes are presented. While CO2 partial pressures varied with season with a net increase under the ice cover, CH4 partial pressures did not. We were able to extrapolate the highest CO2 partial pressures reached in the different studied systems just before ice break-up with high spring emission period. We then estimated the springtime CO2 fluxes and compared them to annual CO2 fluxes and GHG fluxes. Thus we clearly demonstrated that in our systems CH4 fluxes was of minor importance in the GHG emissions, CO2 fluxes representing around 90% of the annual fluxes. We also pointed out the importance of springtime emissions in the annual budget.

scholarly journals Recent changes in Pan-Arctic sea ice, lake ice, and snow on/off timing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia A. Dauginis ◽  
Laura C. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Climate Forcing ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Lake Ice ◽  
Multiple Components ◽  
Mapping System ◽  
Snow And Ice

Abstract. Arctic snow and ice cover are vital indicators of climate variability and change, yet while the Arctic shows overall warming and dramatic changes in snow and ice cover, the response of these high-latitude regions to recent climatic change varies regionally. Although previous studies have examined changing snow and ice separately, examining phenology changes across multiple components of the cryosphere together is important for understanding how these components, and their response to climate forcing, are interconnected. In this work, we examine recent changes in sea ice, lake ice and snow together at the pan-Arctic scale using the Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System 24 km product from 1997–2019, with a more detailed regional examination from 2004–2019 using the 4 km product. We show overall that for sea ice, trends towards earlier open water (−7.7 d decade−1, p 

Classification of river and lake ice

1971 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Michel ◽  
R. O. Ramseier
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
Lake Ice ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
History Of

There is no classification of river and lake ice that simultaneously takes into account the history of ice formation, the structure of the ice cover, and the texture of the various ice types. Such fundamental information is a prerequisite to the determination and discussion of their physical and mechanical properties.The first part of this classification is a brief description of the formation and the physical properties of the three important ice layers making up the ice cover. The second aspect of the classification deals with the texture of various ice types.It is possible to determine certain meteorological conditions which have occurred during formation of primary ice from on-site observations and the study of ice profiles. Hydrodynamic information can be obtained from the study of secondary or superimposed ice. Presently, major events causing layers of frazil slush, congealed frazil slush, and drained snow ice can easily be recognized and interpreted.The evaluation and eventual prediction of the mechanical properties of the various ice types according to such a classification will be helpful in solving engineering and navigation problems.

scholarly journals Stable isotope and gas properties of two climatically contrasting (Pleistocene and Holocene) ice wedges from Cape Mamontov Klyk, Laptev Sea, northern Siberia

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Boereboom ◽  
D. Samyn ◽  
H. Meyer ◽  
J.-L. Tison
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Laptev Sea ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Northern Siberia ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Ice Wedge ◽  
Previous Assumption ◽  
Gas Properties

Abstract. This paper presents and discusses the texture, fabric, water stable isotopes (δ18O, δD) and gas properties (total gas content, O2, N2, Ar, CO2, and CH4 mixing ratios) of two climatically contrasted (Holocene vs. Pleistocene) ice wedges (IW-26 and IW-28) from Cape Mamontov Klyk, Laptev Sea, in northern Siberia. The two ice wedges display contrasting structures: one being of relatively "clean" ice and the other showing clean ice at its centre as well as debris-rich ice on both sides (referred to as "ice-sand wedge"). Our multiparametric approach allows discrimination between three different ice facies with specific signatures, suggesting different climatic and environmental conditions of formation and various intensities and nature of biological activity. More specifically, crystallography, total gas content and gas composition reveal variable levels of meltwater infiltration and contrasting contributions from anaerobic and aerobic conditions to the biological signatures. Stable isotope data are drawn on to discuss changes in paleoenvironmental conditions and in the temporal variation of the different moisture sources for the snow feeding into the ice wedges infillings. Our data set also supports the previous assumption that the ice wedge IW-28 was formed in Pleistocene and the ice wedge IW-26 in Holocene times. This study sheds more light on the conditions of ice wedge growth under changing environmental conditions.

Influence of Late Holocene climate on Lake Eggers hydrology, McMurdo Sound

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
E.J. Chamberlain ◽  
A.J. Christ ◽  
R.W. Fulweiler
Keyword(s):  
Late Holocene ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Lake Ice ◽  
Mcmurdo Sound ◽  
Ice Accumulation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Western Ross Sea

Abstract Ice-covered lakes in Antarctica preserve records of regional hydroclimate and harbour extreme ecosystems that may serve as terrestrial analogues for exobiotic environments. Here, we examine the impacts of hydroclimate and landscape on the formation history of Lake Eggers, a small ice-sealed lake, located in the coastal polar desert of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica (78°S). Using ground penetrating radar surveys and three lake ice cores we characterize the ice morphology and chemistry. Lake ice geochemistry indicates that Lake Eggers is fed primarily from local snowmelt that accreted onto the lake surface during runoff events. Radiocarbon ages of ice-encased algae suggest basal ice formed at least 735 ± 20 calibrated years before present (1215 C.E.). Persisting through the Late Holocene, Lake Eggers alternated between periods of ice accumulation and sublimation driven by regional climate variability in the western Ross Sea. For example, particulate organic matter displayed varying δ15N ratios with depth, corresponding to sea ice fluctuations in the western Ross Sea during the Late Holocene. These results suggest a strong climatic control on the hydrologic regime shifts shaping ice formation at Lake Eggers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document