Ornamental stone cutting processing and sludge production evaluation with the goal of ending waste.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Zichella ◽  
Rossana Bellopede ◽  
Paola Marini
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Scientific Instrument ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Good Efficiency ◽  
Ornamental Stones ◽  
Sludge Production

<p>The End-of-waste concept was introduced by the ‘Thematic Strategy on the prevention and recycling of waste’ adopted by the European Commission, in which it proposed to specify the conditions for the cessation of waste status as part of the revision of the Waste Framework Directive (Directive 2008/98/EC). The Directive states that a waste shall lose its status if it is submitted to a recovery operation (including recycling) and comply with specific eligibility criteria. The strategic goal of the End-of-waste is to promote recycling, helping to ensure a high level of environmental protection through the reduction of the consumption of critical raw materials and the quantities of waste destined for disposal.</p><p>In the mining sector, the reduction of landfill material may be obtained not only by finding a suitable recovery of the material as a by-product, but also identifying the best available cutting technique to be used on the basis of the physical, chemical and mechanical characteristics of the stones. The choice of the best cutting technique could lead to high efficiency and performance, high quality of the cut surfaces and a very low environmental impact by reducing energy consumption, decreasing the concentration of heavy metals in the sludge and producing less waste.</p><p>In this context, an analysis of the procedures for cutting different types of ornamental stones into slabs together with the evaluation of sludge production for the different cutting methods has been carried out.</p><p>Three types of analysis were conducted in parallel. The first concerns the characterization of the stones and the choice of the type of cutting machine. The analyses carried out were: petrographic analysis, compression strength, flexural strength, apparent density and water absorption. Also ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and Knoop analyses were performed in order to establish the workability class of the stones, and their classification in accordance with previous research works (EASE R3).</p><p>The second analysis involves calculating the amount of sludge produced in the three different cutting technologies, taking into account the same block characteristics. The third analysis was conducted on the sludge resulting from the processing of blocks cut into slabs. A comparison was carried out on the quality of the sludge produced, or type and quantity of metals present, taking into account the three different technologies. The tests carried out were: chemical analysis, magnetic separation test and SEM analysis of the metal fraction.</p><p>The study could provide stone producers with a technological, scientific instrument to identify the best cutting techniques for the processing of their stones, in order to obtain a good efficiency process, optimize the recovery process, increase the economic advantages, and evaluate the possible reuse of the sludge through a proactive waste management strategy.</p>

Ornamental Stone Cutting Processing and Sludge Production Evaluation with the Goal of Ending Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Lorena Zichella ◽  
Rossana Bellopede ◽  
Paola Marini
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Scientific Instrument ◽  
Ornamental Stone ◽  
Ornamental Stones ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Parallel Evaluation ◽  
Sludge Production

In the quarry sector, the reduction of landfill material may be obtained not only by finding a suitable recovery of the material as a by-product, but also by identifying the best available cutting technique to be used on the basis of the physical, chemical, and mechanical characteristics of the stones. The choice of the best cutting technique could lead to high efficiency and performance, high quality of the cut surfaces, and a very low environmental impact by reducing energy consumption, decreasing the concentration of heavy metals in the sludge, and producing less waste. In this context, an analysis of the procedures for cutting different types of ornamental stones into slabs together with the evaluation of sludge production for the different cutting methods has been carried out. Two types of analysis were carried out in parallel: evaluation of the stones workability and calculation of the amount of sludge produced in the three different cutting technologies and from the cutting of blocks. A comparison was carried out on the quality of the sludge produced, on type and quantity of metals present, taking into account the different cutting technologies. The performed tests were: chemical analysis, magnetic separation test, and SEM analysis of the metal fraction. The study could provide stone producers with a technological, scientific instrument to identify the best cutting techniques for the processing of their stones, in order to obtain a high-efficiency process, optimize the recovery process, increase the economic advantages, and evaluate the possible reuse of the sludge through a proactive waste management strategy.

About using transglutaminase enzyme in the food industry

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
Ольга Викторовна Багрянцева ◽  
Сергей Анатольевич Хотимченко ◽  
Светлана Анатольевна Шевелева ◽  
Людмила Павловна Минаева ◽  
Полина Александровна Семенова
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Protein Adhesion ◽  
Streptomyces Mobaraensis

В последние годы в Российской Федерации (РФ) появились сообщения об использовании в пищевой промышленности технологического вспомогательного средства (ТВС) - ферментного препарата на основе микробиальной трансглютаминазы (мТГ), который не входит в перечень разрешенных для использования в пищевой промышленности Евразийского экономического союза (ЕАЭС). Анализ данных показал, что используемые в настоящее время в пищевой промышленности штаммы-продуценты мТГ - Streptomyces mobaraensis DSM40587 и Streptomyces mobaraensis S-8112 - наряду с этим ферментом могут синтезировать антибиотики блеомицин, детоксин, пиерицидин А, а также ферменты антибиотикоустойчивости, такие как пенициллин ацилазу, бета-лактамазу, что служит развитию антибиотикоустойчивости у микроорганизмов. При поступлении в желудочно-кишечный тракт (ЖКТ) в составе пищевой продукции мТГ может вызывать изменение структуры белков слизистой оболочки кишечника. Под влиянием мТГ увеличивается проницаемость стенки кишечника, происходит активация иммунного ответа, увеличивается антигенная нагрузка иммунной системы, происходит нарушение связи ДНК с гистонами. Показано, что мТГ может явиться причиной увеличения частоты проявления симптомов целиакии у гипосимптомных с неустановленным диагнозом генетически восприимчивых лиц, нарушения адгезии белков при формировании синдрома Альцгеймера, аллергии, а также нарушений иммунного статуса организма и микробиоценоза кишечника. Данный фермент является привлекательным для производителей в связи с высокой эффективностью применения мТГ в технологическом процессе производства пищевой продукции из некачественного и некондиционного сырья, что обуславливает значимые экономические выгоды и возможность отказа от использования пищевых добавок. Последнее позволяет формировать у потребителя представление о высоком качестве вырабатываемой пищевой продукции. В связи с установленными рисками здоровью населения при использовании мТГ, отсутствием разрешения на ее использование в пищевой промышленности ЕАЭС, возможностью применения этого фермента в целях введения в заблуждение потребителей считаем необходимым проведение дополнительных оценок рисков здоровью и введение обязательного мониторинга на наличие остаточной активности этого фермента в пищевой продукции. In recent years, in the Russian Federation (RF), there have been reports about use in the food industry of processing aid (PA) - an enzyme preparation based on microbial transglutaminase (mTG), which is not included in the list of permitted for use in the food industry of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Analysis of the data showed that the currently used in the food industry strains-producer of mTG - Streptomyces mobaraensis DSM40587 and Streptomyces mobaraensis S-8112, along with this enzyme, have been synthesizing antibiotics bleomycin, detoxin, piericidin A, as well as such enzymes - penicillin acylases, beta-lactamazes, which could be reasons of antibioticoresistance of microorganisms. mTG when introduced into the gastrointestinal tract as part of food, could change the structure of proteins in the intestinal mucosa. Under the influence of mTG have increased intestinal permeability, immune system antigenic load, have been promoted the immune response, have been intensifying connection between DNA and histones. It has been shown that mTG could cause an increase the frequency of detection of celiac disease in hyposymptomatic / with an undetermined diagnosis of genetically susceptible individuals, impaired protein adhesion during the formation of Alzheimer's syndrome, allergies, as well as impaired of immune status and gut's microbiosis. This enzyme is attractive to manufacturers due to the high efficiency of the use of mTG in the technological process of food production from low-quality and substandard raw materials, which leads to significant economic benefits and the possibility of abandoning the use of food additives. The latter fact allows the consumer to form an idea of the high quality of the produced food. In connection with the established risks mTG for public health, lack of permission for its use in the food industry of the EAEU and the possibility of using this enzyme in order to mislead consumers, we consider it necessary to carry out additional health risk assessments and introduce mandatory monitoring for the presence of residual activity of this enzyme in food.

scholarly journals KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL UNIT PENGOLAHAN KARET DENGAN CREPER MINI (STUDI KASUS DI DESA PULAU HARAPAN, KABUPATEN BANYUASIN)

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Aprizal J Alamsyah
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Business Continuity ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Business Opportunity ◽  
Classic Problem ◽  
Bargaining Position

ABSTRACTThe low quality of raw rubber materials produced by farmers is a classic problem. Farmers cultivate only hereditary sap crops into the clot, printed in the freezer and the results tub-shaped “slab” in various sizes. Prices received is relatively low, due to the weak bargaining position that would otherwise be beneficial to make a clean “bokar”. A factory units with creper mini is a business opportunity for farmers – traders who have sufficient capital investment. Creper mini machine is used to process the material rubber into blankets. Processing alternatives be blanketed capable to improving the quality and the price at the farm level. However, the lack of capital will hinder business continuity, while the production capacity should remain unfulfilled. This article is a reviews of case studies in factory units with creper mini on Banyuasin district, South Sumatera. The study analyzes were conducted to understand the financial aspects of the operations with financial eligibility criteria NPV, B/C ratio, IRR and PP. NPV results Rp. 1.225.200.360,-, B/C Ratio 1,02, IRR 32%, and PBP 2,1 years or 25 months. Business continuity rubber processing factory units with mini creper is feasible. Efforts to provide value-added is a large capital investment, as well as potential raw materials to meet the production capacity. ABSTRAK Rendahnya mutu bahan olah karet yang dihasilkan oleh petani menjadi problema klasik yang terjadi hingga saat ini. Biasanya petani karet hanya mengolah lateks hasil kebun yang dicetak dalam bak pembeku dan hasilnya berbentuk slab dengan berbagai ukuran. Hal ini mengakibatkan harga yang diterima petani relatif rendah, karena lemahnya posisi tawar yang seharusnya dapat ditingkatkan apabila membuat bokar bersih. Keberadaan unit pengolahan karet creper mini dapat menjadi bagian dari upaya peningkatan mutu bokar, sekaligus peluang usaha bagi petani-pedagang yang memiliki modal untuk berinvestasi. Mesin creper mini berfungsi untuk mengolah bokar atau slab tipis menjadi blanket. Alternatif pengolahan bokar menjadi blanket di unit pabrik pengolahan karet creper mini diharapkan akan meningkatkan mutu dan harga di tingkat petani. Tulisan ini adalah ulasan dari studi kasus pada unit pabrik pengolahan karet creper mini yang berada di Kabupaten Banyuasin, Sumatera Selatan. Kajian dilakukan untuk mengetahui kelayakan finansial dari kegiatan usaha pengolahan karet dengan creper mini. Indikator kelayakan finansial yang digunakan adalah NPV, B/C ratio, Internal Rate of Return, dan PBP. Hasil perhitungan NPV sebesar Rp. 1.225.200.360,- , B/C ratio 1,02, IRR 32% dan PBP 2,1 tahun atau 25 bulan. Dengan demikian, usaha Unit Pengolahan Karet dengan Creper Mini dinilai layak untuk dilakukan. Upaya pengembangan usaha untuk memberikan nilai tambah yang lebih besar adalah dengan modal investasi yang besar, serta menjamin ketersediaan bahan baku secara berkelanjutan guna memenuhi kapasitas produksi creper mini. 

scholarly journals Prospects of the Malo-Chipiketsky quartz-bearing zone for quartz raw materials of high quality

Georesursy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Liliya Kh. Galiakhmetova ◽  
Nina G. Bydtaeva ◽  
Alexander E. Nepryakhin
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Ore Formation ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Quartz Veins ◽  
High Degree

The article discusses the prospects of the Malo-Chipiketsky zone in the southern part of the Patomsky quartz-bearing region of the Baikal province, as a potentially probable new raw material base for granular and transparent quartz in the east of the country. The assessment of the area prospects was carried out according to the algorithm developed by FSUE TsNIIgeolerud for studying quartz objects, which includes a set of the most effective methods for assessing quartz raw materials, quartz concentrates and products from them. The research results showed high efficiency of the algorithm. The studies made it possible at the stage of prospecting to expressly, with a high degree of probability, sort out objects according to the quality of raw materials, identify ore-formation types of quartz and outline possible directions for the use of raw materials. The results were used in the selection and contouring of promising sections of quartz veins to assess the predicted resources of the selected ore-formation types of quartz.

scholarly journals Evaluation of different methods of control of quality of grain raw materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (97) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
G. V. Kushnir ◽  
I. I. Zraylo ◽  
T. R. Levytskyy ◽  
B. V. Gutyj ◽  
G. Y. Fedor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agrarian Economy ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Barley Grains ◽  
Corn Grains

The article highlights the need of the control of the quality of grain raw materials, because the increasing of the competitiveness of the grain industry is one of the leading in the national agrarian economy of Ukraine and largely its determines the place in the global agrarian market. In competition, only those enterprises retain and improve their position in the market, which consistently work to support and improve the quality of the products according to the important indicators for consumers. The main indicators of the grain quality are: protein content, and also humidity, smell, impurities, crude fat, ash content, etc. Todays, domestic enterprises introduce into the manufacturing the unique scientific and technical developments, which allow quickly and qualitatively conduct the research of raw materials and finished products. However, sometimes when controlling grain raw materials on such enterprises where the modern (spectrometric) research methods are used, some physico-chemical parameters do not coincide with the normative (arbitration) research methods. Therefore, in a comparative aspect were investigated samples of soybean, corn, barley and rapeseed by some qualitative indicators, such as humidity, crude protein and fat. By comparing two methods, it was found out that in the soybean and corn samples, both the arbitrage and the spectrometric methods were almost identical. In some rapeseed and barley samples, the difference between the same samples was small and was not more than 4.8 %. In determining the crude protein in the same samples in soybeans, the difference was from 0.9 to 5.1 %, corn grains – 2.6–5.6 %, barley grains – 0.9 to 5.8 %, rapeseed – 1.4–9.8 %. In determining the fat content of identical samples in soybeans, the difference was small and ranged from 3.8–6.2 %, corn grains 2.6–4.8 %, barley grains – 4.2–6.4 %, seeds rapeseed – 7.1–11.6 %. In the conducted interlaboratory researchers, in determining moisture, crude protein and fat in grain and oil raw materials, by both arbitration and spectrometric methods it was found out, that the results of the studies were within the statistically probable error, which indicate on the high efficiency the last one. In addition, the values of qualitative indicators of the researches samples responses the requirements of regulatory documents.

scholarly journals Stone raw materials in the Vinca culture: Petrographic analysis of assemblage from Vinca and Belovode

Starinar ◽  
2005 ◽  
pp. 53-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Antonovic ◽  
Kristina Resimic-Saric ◽  
Vladica Cvetkovic
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Ground Stone ◽  
Petrographic Analyses ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Stone Industry ◽  
Selection Of

This paper shows the results of petrographic analyses of raw materials used for making the ground stone industry implements in two Vinca culture sites Vinca and Belovode. The assemblages from the aforementioned sites feature a number of specific characteristics. In Vinca, in late strata, a kind of devaluation in the selection of stone raw materials is registered, which is closely related to the decline in quality of stone processing and may be a consequence of territorial narrowing of the Vinca culture per se in its later phases, and of introduction of metallurgy in everyday life. For this reason an analogy with the Belovode site was made, which subsists only throughout the early phase of the Vinca culture and is doubtlessly a metallurgic settlement. Petrographic analyses of the raw materials from which ground stone tools used to be made at the Vinca and Belovode sites are only a part of the commenced petro-archaeological research. They imply that further investigations should focuses on field work, principally in the vicinity of the sites themselves. Primarily by petrographic, and, as applicable, by other analyses of samples brought from the field work, and by comparison of the tools, it could be possible to define more precisely the territory from which the raw materials originated.

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HIGH QUALITY RAW MATERIAL OBTAINING FOR PECTIN PRODUCTION

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
I. A. Ilina ◽  
I. A. Machneva ◽  
E. S. Bakun
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Gel Forming Ability

  The article is devoted to the study of the chemical composition, physical and thermal-pfysical characteristics of damp apple pomaces and the identifying patterns of influence of drying temperature the functional composition and gel-forming ability of pectin. The research is aimed at obtaining initial data for the subsequent calculation of the main technological, hydro-mechanical, thermal, structural and economic characteristics of devices for drying the plant raw materials, ensuring the environmental safety and high quality of pectin-containing raw materials, the reducing heat and energy costs. As a result of the study of the thermal characteristics of apple pomaces, the critical points (temperature conductivity – 16.5 x 10-8 m2/s, thermal conductivity – 0.28 W/m K, heat capacity – 1627 j/(kg K)) at a humidity of 56 % are determined, which characterizing the transition from the extraction of weakly bound moisture to the extraction of moisture with strong bonds (colloidal, adsorption). It was found that the pomaces obtained from apples of late ripening have a higher content of solids (21-23 %), soluble pectin and protopectin (2.5-4.5 %). Dried pomaces obtained from apple varieties of late ripening contain up to 25 % pectin, which allow us to recommend them as a source of raw materials for the production of pectin. The optimum modes of preliminary washing of raw materials are offered, allowing to the remove the ballast substances as much as possible. It is established that when the drying temperature increases, the destructive processes are catalyzed: the strength of the pectin jelly and the uronide component and the degree of pectin esterification are reduced. The optimum drying temperature of damp apple pomaces is 80 0C, at which the quality of pectin extracted from the dried raw materials is maintained as much as possible. It is shown that the most effective for the pectin production is a fraction with a particle size of 3-5 mm, which allow us to extract up to 71 % of pectin from raw materials.

STRATEGI MENINGKATKAN LOYALITAS KONSUMEN MAKANAN KHAS KOTA CURUP KABUPATEN REJANG LEBONG

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onsardi Onsardi
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Consumer Loyalty ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Typical Food ◽  
Internal And External Factors

The title of this study is the Strategy of Increasing Consumer Food Loyalty in CurupCity, Rejang Lebong Regency (Case Study in "Henvian" Typical Food Industry). Thisresearch is based on the importance of strategies in increasing business and consumerloyalty to products sold.Strategies to increase business and consumer loyalty can bedone with a SWOT analysis. Place of this research is the "Henvian" shop that sellstypical Rejang lebong food. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative.Informants in this study were people who were considered to know for certain about theHENVIAN Specialty Food Store in Curup City, Rejang Lebong Regency. The dataanalysis technique used in this study is a SWOT analysis to determine the strengths,weaknesses, opportunities and threats in a typical Rejang Lebong food business.By using SWOT analysis techniques that consist of strengths (weakness), weaknesses(weakness), opportunities (opportnity) and threats (threath). The results of this studycan be concluded that the internal factors that are the strength of the marketing strategyare the quality of the product that is good at a price affordable to the public andtourists, service that is friendly and responsive to consumer needs, as well astechnological advancements that facilitate the promotion of business. Internal factorsthat are a weakness are often lack of stock, there are some products that do not meet thestandard packaging, the product shelf life is short, employees do not use uniforms.External factors that become opportunities are a fairly high economic community,abundant raw materials while external factors that are a threat are the manycompetitors, an unstable economy, the price of basic needs increases. Based on theresults of the SWOT analysis of internal and external factors, the strategy used is toimprove product quality by improving the appearance of packaging and quality ofcontent and quality of service by providing uniforms to employees and providingstandards of service to consumers. .Keywords: Strategy, Consumer Loyalty, SWOT

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