Use of modern complex fertilizers to increase the yield and quality of tobacco raw materials

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Sidorova ◽  
◽  
T.V. Plotnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Yield And Quality

THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON THE CROP AND QUALITY OF FIBER FLAX

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (86) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
V.G. Chernikov ◽  
◽  
R.A. Rostovtsev ◽  
N.A. Kudryavtsev ◽  
I.V. Uschapovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fiber Flax ◽  
Yield And Quality

The formation of fiber flax yield and quality parameters depends on many soil-climatic, breedinggenetic, as well as anthropogenic factors. The quality of flax fiber is a combination of a number of features and properties that depend on the varietal characteristics of plants, the conditions of their cultivation, technologies for harvesting and straw retting, as well as on the processing modes of raw materials. During plant vegetation (90-130 days) many factors such as soil conditions (pH 4.8-5.5, humus 1.8-2.5%, P2O5 and K2O – 150-200 and 100-200 mg/kg, respectively) and the area of plant nutrition (15-30 million seeds/ha), temperature regime (the sum of active temperatures 1000-1800ºC), water supplying (400-430 units of water mass to create 1 unit of dry matter) and insolation (the arrival of FAR during the growing season 20-25 kcal / cm²), contamination of weeds (more than 60 annual and perennial species) and pests (more than 200 types of fungal, bacterial and viral diseases), features of phytosanitary measures (more than 50 chemicals) and agrotechnologic manners (Federal Register of technologies for the production of crop products) have a great influence on the quality of flax raw materials and can be a limit factor. Environmentally hazardous pollution of air, water and soil - the main components for the production of fiber flax – strongly affects the yield and quality of flax products. The development of waste-free environmentally friendly technologies for the cultivation, harvesting and processing of flax is an urgent task of scientific support of the industry. The main environmental factors affecting the yield and quality of fiber flax are discussed in the article.

scholarly journals Edible Ferns of the Amur Region and Their Rational Use

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (2) ◽  
pp. 022138
Author(s):  
I Kreshchenok ◽  
E Lesik (Aistova) ◽  
A Toushkin ◽  
A Toushkina
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Amur Region ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Wild Food ◽  
Wild Food Plants ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Edible Ferns

Abstract Currently, despite of the active development of agriculture and the cultivation of many species, the use of wild food plants is relevant. Ferns also belong to such plants. Eight species of edible ferns grow in the Amur Region, of which 6 species are widespread and form large thickets. The population of the Amur Region uses 4 species for food, the most common is Pteridium japonicum, rarely –Athyrium sinense, Athyrium monomachii, Dryopteris expansa. The literature data on bracken harvesting on the territory of the Amur Region from 1970 to 2019 are presented. It was revealed that the collection takes place spontaneously and unsystematically. Irrational harvesting of raw materials leads to a decrease in yield and quality of harvested products. To restore bracken thickets after collecting, a recovery period of 4-8 years is required. Schemes for the use of fern populations are proposed, taking into account the period of their recovery. For a reasonable recommendation for the use of Athyrium sinense, Athyrium monomachii, Dryopteris expansa, Onoclea interrupta, Diplazium sibiricum in food, it is necessary to conduct research on their chemical composition, nutritional value, methods of preparation and storage.

scholarly journals State of the Art in the Production of Charcoal: a Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-73
Author(s):  
Serhiy Pyshyev ◽  
◽  
Denis Miroshnichenko ◽  
Ivan Malik ◽  
Aquilino Bautista Contreras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
Oxygen Level ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Temperature Heating

The use of charcoal (CC) for various industries was analysed; the modern ideas about the factors influencing the process of obtaining CC were considered. The effect of raw materials nature (wood or agricultural wastes) and their characteristics (size, physical properties, chemical composition), as well as carbonization temperature, heating rate, oxygen level and pressure on the yield and quality of CC was described. The existing technologies for charcoal production were analyzed; they were classified according to the type of heating initiation and temperature maintenance during the carbonization process. The Lambiotte, DPC and Carbonex technologies were considered.

scholarly journals PENENTUAN MUTU PEKTIN DARI LIMBAH KULIT PISANG DENGAN VARIASI VOLUME PELARUT ASAM SITRAT

Jurnal Kimia ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
V. A. Devianti ◽  
L. Sa'diyah ◽  
A. R. Amalia
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Banana Peel Powder ◽  
Esterification Degree ◽  
Powdered Form

The need for pectin in Indonesia is inscreasing every year. Indonesia relies on pectin import to fulfill domestic pectin needs. So it is necessary to search for sources of raw materials that contain pectin, one of which is banana peel waste. Pectin in banana peels can be extracted using acid solvents. This study aims to determine the effect of the ratio of banana peel powder and solvents (1:40, 1:50, and 1:60) to the yield and quality of pectin extracted. The acid solvent used was 5% citric acid, and the extraction was conditioned at 90 °C for 120 minutes. Pectin which has been extracted from banana peels is in powdered form, brownish, and odorless. The results showed that the optimum solvent/solid ratio was 1:50 with a quantity of yield, equivalent weight, methoxyl content, galacturonic acid content, and esterification degree were 10,68%, 958 mg, 3,54%, 196% and 14,84% respecively. FTIR analysis indicated that pectin from banana peels extract had characteristic near to comercial pectin. Keyword: pectin extraction, ratio peel powder and solvents, citric acid volume Kebutuhan pektin di Indonesia cenderung meningkat di setiap tahun dan lebih mengandalkan pektin impor untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pektin dalam negeri. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan pencarian sumber bahan baku yang memiliki kandungan pektin, diantaranya adalah kulit pisang. Pektin dalam kulit pisang dapat diekstrak menggunakan pelarut asam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh volume asam yang ditambahkan pada serbuk kulit pisang raja nangka dengan rasio 1:40, 1:50, dan 1:60. Pelarut asam yang digunakan adalah asam sitrat 7% dengan suhu estraksi 90 °C dan lama waktu ekstraksi 120 menit. Pektin yang telah diekstrak dari kulit buah pisang ini berbentuk serbuk, berwarna kecoklatan, dan tidak berbau. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rasio bahan/pelarut adalah 1:50 dengan hasil rendemen, berat ekivalen, kadar metoksil, kadar galakturonat, dan derajat esterifikasi berturut-turut adalah 10,68%, 958 mg, 3,54%, 196% dan 14,84%. Analisis dengan FTIR menunjukkan bahwa bilangan gelombang yang muncul pada pektin dari kulit pisang ini memiliki karakteristik yang sama dengan pektin komersial. Kata kunci: ekstraksi pektin, volume asam sitrat, rasio bahan dan pelarut

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kehalusan Bahan Dan Lama Ekstraksi Terhadap Mutu Ekstrak Tempuyung (Sonchus arvensis L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feri Manoi
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis ◽  
Material Extraction

Utilization of medicinal plants both for health and treatment increased at this time. Number of Traditional Medicine Industry (IOT), Small Industries Traditional Medicine (IKOT) and Industrial Appliances (PIRT) is increasing. Thus the demand for raw materials is increasing, one of which is tempuyung. Good quality raw material in the form of crude drugs and extracts need to be considered as related to the efficacy and quality of products for further processing. The study aims to determine the effect size and the old material extraction to the yield and quality of the extract. Activity consists of two sub-activities (1). How to drying (a) the sun covered with black cloth, (b) the sun combination of tools, and (c) drier. Sub-activities (2) extraction technique which consists of two factors: the fineness of materials (20,40 and 60 mesh) and the second factor is the length of the extraction (2, 4, and 6 hours). The study design using factorial completely randomized design with three replications. Parameter observations consisted of yield bulbs, phytochemical screening, quality characteristics, extract yield, and quality extracts. The results showed levels of water extract Sonchus arvensis L. greater than the levels of alcohol cider. Quality simplicia Sonchus arvensis L. dried using a dryer is not different from the quality of the dried under the sun. Fineness of materials and time of extraction affects the yield of the extract Sonchus arvensis L Keywords: Subtlety material, extraction, quality

Industrial technologies for processing waste oils

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
L. Stan'kovski ◽  
◽  
V.A. Dorogochinskaya ◽  
B.P. Tonkonogov ◽  
A.A. Molokanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Waste Oils ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Distillate Fractions ◽  
Material Preparation ◽  
Selection Of

A brief review of the state of collection, disposal and processing of used oils shows the availability of their resource in the country and the main trends in the organization of qualified collection, disposal and processing according to the lubricating oil version. The relevant technologies are given for individual stages and in general for enterprises, the choice of which depends on the quality and characteristics of raw materials. The advantage of the technological scheme, including coagulation purification at the stage of raw material preparation and vacuum distillation with the selection of distillate fractions and the residue, followed by additional purification of the residue, is shown. The use of this technology makes it possible to increase the yield and quality of the target product, which is practically impossible for the raw materials currently available in the Russian Federation using other technologies.

PENGARUH LAMA PENYULINGAN DAN KOMPOSISI BAHAN BAKU TERHADAP RENDEMEN DAN MUTU MINYAK ATSIRI DARI DAUN DAN BATANG NILAM (Pogostemon cablin Benth)

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
A Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Composition Effect ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Pogostemon Cablin ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Better Than

The research of Distillation And Raw Material Composition Effect of Yield And Quality EssentialOil of Leaves And Stem Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth). This study aimed to examine the influence of the length of distillation and composition of raw materials to the yield and quality of essential oil of patchouli leaves and stems to produce essential oils that have a high quality and yield. The time required to obtain the highest yield of patchouli oil is 8 hours, by composition of 100% leaf (1:0), that is equal to 3.631%, while the lowest yield of patchouli oil are produced from 100% stem (1:0) by distillation of 4 hours, in the amount of 0.10%. Composition that produces patchouli oil with the best quality is 100% stems (0:1) but that yield is lower, while the quality of patchouli oil produced by 100% leaf (1:0) and a mixture of leaf-stem (1:1) quality is still lower than the patchouli oil from the stem, but its yield is better than the yield of oil patchouli by 100% composition of the stem (0:1).Keywords:  essential oil, pogostemon cablin benth, yield

scholarly journals Microwave Pre-processing Effect on Pectin Yield from Citrus Raw Material

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gennady Alekseev ◽  
Olga Egorova ◽  
Aleksey Egorov
Keyword(s):  
Classical Method ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Microwave Exposure ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Mineral Acids ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Method

The article describes a more environmentally friendly method to produce pectin compared to the classical acid scheme, which requires the use of strong mineral acids and toxic solvents. This method of obtaining pectin, like other analogs of the classical method, causes a decrease in the yield of the final product. This study aims to find ways of eliminating these barriers and increase the yield of pectin. The paper investigates the possibility to increase the yield of pectin obtained by acid hydrolysis applying citric acid through the use of preliminary microwave exposure to citrus raw materials. The work compares pectin quality indicators, such as the degree of esterification, molecular weight and gelation, for raw materials dried by the convective method and the combined method consisting of microwave pretreatment and blowing dry air. Curves of comparable pre-drying methods are presented. The rate of pectin yield at the stages of hydrolysis depending on the drying methods is analyzed. Optimal power modes for preliminary microwave drying of citrus raw materials are selected. The data obtained are valuable for both development and improvement of industrial technology of pectin production using environmental methods of extraction without the use of strong mineral acids to increase the yield and quality of pectin.

Influence of agricultural techniques on yield and quality of grapes and wine

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
A. V. Dergunov ◽  
A. A. Lukyanova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Organoleptic Evaluation ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
The Aesthetic

Under the conditions of changing biotic properties of terroir, it is relevant to establish the patterns of influence of different norms of the load of a grape bush in its own rooted and grafted culture on the quality of grapes, as well as the aesthetic and biological value of wine products in Russia. The objects of research were grapes and wine material of the Krasnostop AZOS variety in a grafted and rooted culture with variants of different load of shoots on the bush. The experience of studying the influence of various agrotechnical methods on the productivity of a grape plant and the quality of wine material was laid in the Anapo-Taman climatic zone of the Krasnodar Territory of Russia. The highest yield of the Krasnostop AZOS variety during the years of the study was obtained in the variant of own-rooted grape growing with its load of 36-40 shoots per bush. In our studies, there is a tendency to an increase in sugar content, and a decrease in the titratable acidity of grapes when growing vineyards of the Krasnostop AZOS variety in their own rooted culture. The most optimal ratio of sugar content and titratable acidity in the experiment was possessed by grapes from a variant of own-rooted culture with a load of 36-40 shoots/bush, here the glucoacedometric parameter was 4.36. In the studied variants, the largest amount of phenolic substances was found in wine material from self-rooted grapes with a load of 36-40 shoots per bush — 4130 mg/dm3. This had a positive effect on the organoleptic evaluation of this sample. The maximum total content of substances from a number of biologically active substances was found in wine from grape raw materials obtained from a grafted culture (134.9-147.9 mg/dm3). In 2018-2019, from the organoleptic side, wine materials from grapes of own-rooted culture proved to be of the highest quality. This advantage over the grafted crop was traced in all variants of rationing the load by the shoots of grape bushes.

scholarly journals BIOSTIMULATOR MADE OF WASTE OF KERATIN-CONTAINING RAW MATERIALS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Larisa Bryndina
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Keratin Hydrolysis ◽  
The One ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Ecosystem degradation forces us to introduce highly productive, environmentally friendly biotechnologies in agricultural production. In this regard, interest in organic farming is growing. Demand for organic products is ahead of supply. This, in its turn, causes interest in substances that, on the one hand, are safe for the environment, and on the other hand, increase yield and quality of crops. These substances include biostimulants. They stimulate the natural processes of assimilation of nutrients, increase stress resistance of plants. In this regard, keratin-containing raw materials deserve special attention, which, in terms of chemical composition, is a protein concentrate (90-95%) . But its use is limited due to the low functionality of the keratin protein of this raw material. Enzymatic keratin hydrolysis will provide a biostimulant for plants with a high content of amino acids. The aim of the study was to develop an enzymatic method for keratin hydrolysis with a high content of amino acids in the final product. Fermentation was carried out by Str. chromogeness.g. 0832 proteinase. The content of soluble protein, peptides and amino acids was carried out photocolorimetrically. Temperature (4000C) and pH (8.0) conditions of Str. chromogeness.g. 0832 enzyme complex have been determined, which allowed further hydrolysis of keratin-containing raw materials with a maximum yield of final products - amino acids (99.57 g/100g). Treatment of corn seeds with the obtained amino acid solution enabled to increase growth-promoting activity by 48%.

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