scholarly journals Reuse of extractive waste from an abandoned mine site: case study of Campello Monti, Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Mehta ◽  
Giovanna Antonella Dino ◽  
Iride Passarella ◽  
Franco Ajmone Marsan ◽  
Domenico De Luca
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Coarse Fraction ◽  
Waste Rock ◽  
Abandoned Mines ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Mafic Complex ◽  
Wide Range

<p>The progress and prosperity have been based on finite mineral resources and fossil fuels. Sustainable development goals of the United Nations and the implementation of the Paris Agreement, resulted in the vast utilization of a wide range of minerals for green technologies such as low-carbon applications. The global demand for raw materials has increased during the last decades (Kinnunen and Kaksonen, 2019).</p><p>In addition to clear economic and societal benefits, mining has also created environmental challenges via significant amounts of mining and quarrying waste termed as extractive waste. However, these wastes can be transformed into valuable secondary metal sources combining metals recovery and environmental management.   </p><p>The current study, focuses on reuse and recovery targeted on extractive waste from abandoned mines in Campello Monti. It is a small settlement of Valstrona village in the northern sector of Piemonte, (NW Italy). Geologically, the site is present in the ultramafic layers of mafic complex of Ivrea Verbano Zone and consists of anorthosites, gabbros, gabbro-norite, lherzolites, peridotites, pyroxenites, titanolivin. The area was exploited for nickel production from Fe-Ni-Cu-Co magmatic sulphide deposits from 1865 until 1940s. Currently, the area has waste rock and operating residues dumps.</p><p>As, the extractive waste from Campello Monti has not been moved from 1940s and recovery trials have also not been performed. Our study dealt with: (1) reusing fine fraction (<2 mm) of waste rock as soil additive, and (2) recovering raw materials from coarse fraction (>2 mm) of waste rock and operating residues, by means of dressing methods like wet shaking table and magnetic fraction.</p><p>The seed germination and plant growth experiments performed using Blok et al. (2008) showed no major detrimental impact on Lepidium sativum plants. Although the plant growth decreased to 31% after adding 45% of waste rock to sand and blonde peat mixture. However, by adding fertilizers this can be mitigated to certain extent.</p><p>The coarse fraction of waste rock crushed to <0.5 mm showed recovery of Co, Cu and Ni as 53%, 42% and 66% using shaking table. Whilst, for the same size and dressing method operating residues depicted recovery of Co, Cu and Ni in the range of 55-76%. Whilst, the recovery of these elements varied from 35-41% for operating residues and waste rocks using magnetic separation. The micro-XRF mineral mapping of the concentrates obtained from both dressing methods demonstrated presence of pyroxene, pyrrhotite, olivine, magnetite, pentlandite and chalcopyrite.</p><p>The present investigation highlights the methodologies used for obtaining raw materials from extractive waste. Thus moving from the linear economy patterns of mineral extraction to circular closed loops.</p><p><strong>References </strong></p><ol><li>Blok, C., Perssone, G., and Wever, G. (2008). A practical and low cost microbiotest to assess the phytotoxic potential of growing media and soil. ISHS Acta Horticulturae 779: International Symposium on Growing Media. 10.17660/ActaHortic.2008.779.46.</li> <li>Kinnunen, P.H.-M., and Kaksonen, A.H. (2019). Towards circular economy in mining: Opportunities and bottlenecks for tailings valorization. J. Clean. Prod. 228, 153–160.</li> </ol>

scholarly journals Assessment of the Possible Reuse of Extractive Waste Coming from Abandoned Mine Sites: Case Study in Gorno, Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Mehta ◽  
Giovanna Dino ◽  
Iride Passarella ◽  
Franco Ajmone-Marsan ◽  
Piergiorgio Rossetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Froth Flotation ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Waste Rock ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Abandoned Mine ◽  
Abandoned Mine Sites ◽  
Mine Sites ◽  
The Impact

Supply of resources, a growing population, and environmental pollution are some of the main challenges facing the contemporary world. The rapid development of mining activities has produced huge amounts of waste. This waste, found in abandoned mine sites, provides the potential opportunity of extracting raw material. The current study, therefore, focuses on testing the validation of a shared methodology to recover extractive waste from abandoned mines, and applies this methodology to a case study in Gorno, northwest Italy. The methods focused on: (1) analyzing the impact of tailings and fine fraction of waste rock (<2 mm) on plants (Cress - Lepidium Sativum) to assess usability of both as soil additive, and (2) recovering raw materials from tailings and coarse fraction (>2 mm) of waste rock, by means of dressing methods like wet shaking table and froth flotation. The results indicated that the fine fraction of waste rock and tailings did not have detrimental effects on seed germination; however, there was marked decrease in plant growth. As for the recovery of raw materials, the coarse waste rock samples, crushed to <0.5 mm, produced a recovery of Cd, Ga, and Zn—as much as 66%, 56%, and 64%, respectively—using the wet shaking table. The same samples when crushed to 0.063–0.16 mm and used for froth flotation produced a recovery of Cd, Ga, and Zn of up to 61%, 72%, and 47%, respectively. The flotation experiment on tailings showed a recovery of Cd, Ga and Zn at pH 7 of 33%, 6% and 29% respectively. The present investigation highlights the methodologies used for extracting raw materials from extractive waste.

Deposition of Trace Metals in Urban and Rural Areas in the Lake Michigan Basin

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Pirrone ◽  
Gerald J. Keeler
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Deposition Velocity ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Coarse Fraction ◽  
Wide Range

Ambient concentrations measured in Chicago and in the rural area of Kankakee (Illinois) are presented for a wide range of trace metals associated with fine (&lt;2.5 µm) and coarse (2.5-10 µm) particles. Elements typically of crustal origin in the fine fraction were detected at similar concentrations in both sites. However, crustal elements in the coarse fraction were found three to fifteen times higher than that associated with fine fraction in both sites. Elements primarily of anthropogenic origin were found in similar concentrations in Chicago and Kankakee, except for elements such as Cr which was detected at levels three to four times higher in Kankakee. Meteorological parameters, particle size distribution and surface characteristics are considered in a dynamic model for calculating the deposition velocity for each particle size. The deposition velocities for fine particles is in the range from 0.25 to 0.46 cm/s in Chicago and from 0.18 to 0.25 cm/s in Kankakee, while for coarse particles the range is from 1.47 to 2.93 cm/s in Chicago and from 0.87 to 1.71 cm/s in Kankakee. The deposition fluxes in Chicago are usually highest, except for Al which is deposited at highest rates in Kankakee in both the fine 4.6 µg/m2-h and coarse 250 µg/m2-h fraction. Finally, estimates of the total amount of trace metals accumulated on paved areas and potentially discharged into the sewer systems by storm water run-off in the urban and rural area are discussed.

Microstructural characterization of laser-melted/roller-quenched dicalcium silicate

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 582-583
Author(s):  
C. J. Chan ◽  
K. R. Venkatachari ◽  
W. M. Kriven ◽  
J. F. Young
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Particle Size Effect ◽  
Dicalcium Silicate ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Cell Shape Change ◽  
Wide Range

Dicalcium silicate (Ca2SiO4) is a major component of Portland cement. It has also been investigated as a potential transformation toughener alternative to zirconia. It has five polymorphs: α, α'H, α'L, β and γ. Of interest is the β-to-γ transformation on cooling at about 490°C. This transformation, accompanied by a 12% volume increase and a 4.6° unit cell shape change, is analogous to the tetragonal-to-monoclinic transformation in zirconia. Due to the processing methods used, previous studies into the particle size effect were limited by a wide range of particle size distribution. In an attempt to obtain a more uniform size, a fast quench rate involving a laser-melting/roller-quenching technique was investigated.The laser-melting/roller-quenching experiment used precompacted bars of stoichiometric γ-Ca2SiO4 powder, which were synthesized from AR grade CaCO3 and SiO2xH2O. The raw materials were mixed by conventional ceramic processing techniques, and sintered at 1450°C. The dusted γ-Ca2SiO4 powder was uniaxially pressed into 0.4 cm x 0.4 cm x 4 cm bars under 34 MPa and cold isostatically pressed under 172 MPa. The γ-Ca2SiO4 bars were melted by a 10 KW-CO2 laser.

Long-term variations in individual particle types in the aerosol of Phoenix, Arizona, as determined using automated electron microprobe analysis and multivariate statistical techniques

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 742-743
Author(s):  
Karen A. Katrinak ◽  
James R. Anderson ◽  
Peter R. Buseck
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Coarse Fraction ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Methods ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mineral Particles ◽  
Anthropogenic Air Pollutants

Aerosol samples were collected in Phoenix, Arizona on eleven dates between July 1989 and April 1990. Elemental compositions were determined for approximately 1000 particles per sample using an electron microprobe with an energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometer. Fine-fraction samples (particle cut size of 1 to 2 μm) were analyzed for each date; coarse-fraction samples were also analyzed for four of the dates.The data were reduced using multivariate statistical methods. Cluster analysis was first used to define 35 particle types. 81% of all fine-fraction particles and 84% of the coarse-fraction particles were assigned to these types, which include mineral, metal-rich, sulfur-rich, and salt categories. "Zero-count" particles, consisting entirely of elements lighter than Na, constitute an additional category and dominate the fine fraction, reflecting the importance of anthropogenic air pollutants such as those emitted by motor vehicles. Si- and Ca-rich mineral particles dominate the coarse fraction and are also numerous in the fine fraction.

Gluten-Free Dry Mixtures with Rice and Amaranth for Children over Three Years Old with Gluten Intolerance

Food Industry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Sergey Urubkov ◽  
Svetlana Khovanskaya ◽  
Ekaterina Pyrieva ◽  
Olga Georgieva ◽  
Stanislav Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Organoleptic Evaluation ◽  
Free Products ◽  
Wide Range

Diet therapy is one of the main approaches to the treatment of a wide range of diseases of the digestive system. The treatment effectiveness of celiac disease depends on how strictly the patient adheres to a gluten-free diet. It is often disrupted due to the limited range of recommended foods and dishes, especially for children who are particularly sensitive to dietary restrictions. In this case, the development of new types of specialized gluten-free products is relevant, allowing to expand the diet both in terms of nutritional value and taste diversity. This study concerns the recipe developments of dry gluten-free mixtures using rice and amaranth with the inclusion of fruit and vegetable and berry raw materials intended for the nutrition of children over three years old suffering from celiac disease. When developing the recipes, researchers used various combinations of rice and amaranth flour, as well as fruit and vegetable powders. The rice flour composition varied in the range from 15 to 75%; amaranth – from 15 to 45%; fruit and vegetable and berry powders – up to 10%. The finished product was gluten-free cookies, muffins, pancakes made of rice and amaranth. Organoleptic evaluation showed that the studied samples of gluten-free cookies have high quality characteristics, have a pleasant taste and aroma. According to the calculated data, specialized gluten-free dry mixtures intended for children over three years with celiac disease can serve as an important source of: vegetable carbohydrates – from 26.81 to 55.19 g / 100g of finished products; protein – from 4.06 to 11.82 g/100g of finished products; dietary fiber – from 3.82 to 6.36 g/100g of finished products; and energy – from 158.12 to 333.96 kcal/100g of finished products) The developed recipess of gluten-free products can help to provide children with an adequate amount of nutrients and energy.

Safety assessment of biological raw materials in the system of medicines quality assurance

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Yu. Olefir ◽  
E. Sakanyan ◽  
I. Osipova ◽  
V. Dobrynin ◽  
M. Smirnova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
First Time ◽  
Medicines Quality

The entry of a wide range of biotechnological products into the pharmaceutical market calls for rein-forcement of the quality, efficacy and safety standards at the state level. The following general monographs have been elaborated for the first time to be included into the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, XIV edition: "Viral safety" and "Reduction of the risk of transmitting animal spongiform encephalopathy via medicinal products". These general monographs were elaborated taking into account the requirements of foreign pharmacopoeias and the WHO recommendations. The present paper summarises the key aspects of the monographs.

scholarly journals Bio-Based Alternatives to Phenol and Formaldehyde for the Production of Resins

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2237 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Sarika ◽  
Paul Nancarrow ◽  
Abdulrahman Khansaheb ◽  
Taleb Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wood Industry ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Sustainable Materials ◽  
Materials Used

Phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resin continues to dominate the resin industry more than 100 years after its first synthesis. Its versatile properties such as thermal stability, chemical resistance, fire resistance, and dimensional stability make it a suitable material for a wide range of applications. PF resins have been used in the wood industry as adhesives, in paints and coatings, and in the aerospace, construction, and building industries as composites and foams. Currently, petroleum is the key source of raw materials used in manufacturing PF resin. However, increasing environmental pollution and fossil fuel depletion have driven industries to seek sustainable alternatives to petroleum based raw materials. Over the past decade, researchers have replaced phenol and formaldehyde with sustainable materials such as lignin, tannin, cardanol, hydroxymethylfurfural, and glyoxal to produce bio-based PF resin. Several synthesis modifications are currently under investigation towards improving the properties of bio-based phenolic resin. This review discusses recent developments in the synthesis of PF resins, particularly those created from sustainable raw material substitutes, and modifications applied to the synthetic route in order to improve the mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Potential Benefits and Constraints of Development of Critical Raw Materials’ Production in the EU: Analysis of Selected Case Studies

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Guzik ◽  
Krzysztof Galos ◽  
Alicja Kot-Niewiadomska ◽  
Toni Eerola ◽  
Pasi Eilu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Abandoned Mines ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Cost And Benefit Analysis ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Critical Raw Materials

Major benefits and constraints related to mineral extraction within the EU have been identified on the examples of selected critical raw materials’ deposits. Analyzed case studies include the following ore deposits: Myszków Mo-W-Cu (Poland), Juomasuo Au-Co (Finland), S. Pedro das Águias W-Sn (Portugal), Penouta Nb-Ta-Sn (Spain), Norra Kärr REEs (Sweden) and Trælen graphite (Norway). They represent different stages of development, from the early/grassroot exploration stage, through advanced exploration and active mining, up to reopening of abandoned mines, and refer to different problems and constraints related to the possibility of exploitation commencement. The multi-criteria analysis of the cases has included geological and economic factors as well as environmental, land use, social acceptance and infrastructure factors. These factors, in terms of cost and benefit analysis, have been considered at three levels: local, country and EU levels. The analyzed cases indicated the major obstacles that occur in different stages of deposit development and need to be overcome in order to enable a new deposit exploitation commencement. These are environmental (Juomasuo and Myszków), spatial (Juomasuo) as well as social constraints (Norra Kärr, Juomasuo). In the analyzed cases, the most important constraints related to future deposit extraction occur primarily at a local level, while some important benefits are identified mainly at the country and the EU levels. These major benefits are related to securing long-term supplies for the national industries and strategically important EU industry sectors.

scholarly journals Growth Promotion or Osmotic Stress Response: How SNF1-Related Protein Kinase 2 (SnRK2) Kinases Are Activated and Manage Intracellular Signaling in Plants

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1443
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Kamiyama ◽  
Sotaro Katagiri ◽  
Taishi Umezawa
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Wide Range

Reversible phosphorylation is a major mechanism for regulating protein function and controls a wide range of cellular functions including responses to external stimuli. The plant-specific SNF1-related protein kinase 2s (SnRK2s) function as central regulators of plant growth and development, as well as tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses. Although the activity of SnRK2s is tightly regulated in a phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent manner, recent investigations have revealed that SnRK2s can be activated by group B Raf-like protein kinases independently of ABA. Furthermore, evidence is accumulating that SnRK2s modulate plant growth through regulation of target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling. Here, we summarize recent advances in knowledge of how SnRK2s mediate plant growth and osmotic stress signaling and discuss future challenges in this research field.

scholarly journals Sensing of Nickel(II) Ions by Immobilizing Ligands and Using Different SPEs

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Liliana Anchidin-Norocel ◽  
Sonia Amariei ◽  
Gheorghe Gutt
Keyword(s):  
Bismuth Oxide ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Cyclic Voltammogram ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Nickel Allergy ◽  
Nickel Ions ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Wide Range

The aim of this paper is the development of a sensor for the quantification of nickel ions in food raw materials and foods. It is believed that about 15% of the human population suffers from nickel allergy. In addition to digestive manifestations, food intolerance to nickel may also have systemic manifestations, such as diffuse dermatitis, diffuse itching, fever, rhinitis, headache, altered general condition. Therefore, it is necessary to control this content of nickel ions for the health of the human population by developing a new method that offers the advantages of a fast, not expensive, in situ, and accurate analysis. For this purpose, bismuth oxide-screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) and graphene-modified SPEs were used with a very small amount of dimethylglyoxime and amino acid L-histidine that were deposited. A potentiostat that displays the response in the form of a cyclic voltammogram was used to study the electrochemical properties of nickel standard solution with different concentrations. The results were compared and the most sensitive sensor proved to be bismuth oxide-SPEs with dimethylglyoxime (Bi2O3/C-dmgH2) with a linear response over a wide range (0.1–10 ppm) of nickel concentrations. Furthermore, the sensor shows excellent selectivity in the presence of common interfering species. The Bi2O3/C-dmgH2 sensor showed good viability for nickel analysis in food samples (cocoa, spinach, cabbage, and red wine) and demonstrated significant advancement in sensor technology for practical applications.

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