scholarly journals Ozone measurement practice in the laboratory using Schönbein's method

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Arturo Ramirez-Gonzalez ◽  
Juan Antonio Añel ◽  
Antonio Cid-Samamed
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
First Year ◽  
Advanced Level ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Communication Campaign ◽  
Ozone Measurement ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Basic Level

Abstract. We present a laboratory technique that can be used to measure tropospheric ozone, following a traditional method developed by Christian Friedrich Schönbein in the 19th century. The practice is described with two levels of complexity (the advanced level includes the production in the lab of paper strips as they were produced in the 19th century while the basic level does not) and is suitable for use by both high-school and first-year undergraduate students. The overall aim is to familiarise students with both the scientific methods involved and the related concepts of pollution and ozone. This technique was developed and presented in high schools during a communication campaign to celebrate the annual Galician Scientist Day and based on the detected need for a better understanding of the problems of climate change and pollution.

scholarly journals Ozone measurement practice in the laboratory using Schönbein's method

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Arturo Ramirez-Gonzalez ◽  
Juan Antonio Añel ◽  
Antonio Cid Samamed
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
First Year ◽  
Subjective Analysis ◽  
Communication Campaign ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Basic Level

Abstract. We present a laboratory technique to measure tropospheric ozone, following a traditional method developed by Christian Friedrich Schönbein in the 19th century. The aim is to familiarise students with both the scientific method and the concepts of pollution and climate change, taking advantage of the possibilities of a very cheap hands-on approach over other existing theoretical ones. Also, this teaching activity can help the students to understand the differences between objective and subjective analysis. Moreover, they can make effective use of new technologies and photography. We include a description of how to conduct the lesson at two different levels of complexity (advanced and basic) to allow us to adapt it to the capacity of the students. The advanced level includes the production in the lab of paper strips as they were produced in the 19th century, whilst the basic level does not. This practice is suitable for use by both high school and first-year undergraduate students and was presented in high schools during a communication campaign to celebrate the annual Galician Scientist Day. We evaluate the teaching approach used through the results from collected surveys and feedback received from the students and teachers.

scholarly journals From Pharmacognosia to DNA-Based Medicinal Plant Authentication – Pharmacognosy through the Centuries

Planta Medica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (14/15) ◽  
pp. 1110-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Heinrich ◽  
Sabine Anagnostou
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Materia Medica ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Active Substances

AbstractFor centuries, pharmacognosy was essential for the identification, quality, purity, and, until the end of the 18th century, even for the efficacy of medicinal plants. Since the 19th century, it concentrated on authenticity, purity, quality and the analysis of active substances, and was established as an academic branch discipline within pharmacy and continuously developed into a modern, highly sophisticated science. Even though the paradigm in pharmacy changed in the 19th century with the discovery of morphine and concentrated on single substances that could be synthesized fast by the upcoming industry, medicinal plants always remained an important element of the Materia medica, and during the last decades, medicinal plants continue to be a source of remedies, and natural products are an inspiration for new medicine. In this research, pharmacognostic skills remain an essential element, both with regards to identity, quality assurance of botanicals (both herbal medicines and supplements), and the discovery and development of new medicines. Over the years, the specific pharmacognostical tools have changed dramatically, and most recently, DNA-based techniques have become another element of our spectrum of scientific methods.

scholarly journals Social Education as a Mechanism of Social Consolidation in the Spanish Pedagogical Discourse of the Late 19th and the First Third of the 20th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Nataliia Zaichenko ◽  
Nataliia Kozhemiako
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Democratic Education ◽  
Social Education ◽  
Reconstruction Method ◽  
Pedagogical Discourse ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century

The subject of this study is the understanding and interpretation of the concept of “social education” in the Spanish pedagogical discourse of the late 19th and the first third of the 20th century. Based on the study of scientific and pedagogical works, texts of public speeches and speeches of prominent Spanish teachers, educators found out how they defined the concept of “social education”. In the process of studying a kind of historical and pedagogical source – the Spanish pedagogical discourse of the late 19th and the first third of the 20th century the specific scientific methods were used. Among them: pedagogical-retrospective, method of pedagogical reconstruction, method of hermeneutics. It is established that at the end of the 19th century in the Spanish pedagogical discourse there is a departure from the simple opposition of individual and social education and the filling of the concept of “social education” with a completely new meaning. It is proved that as a result of a certain socio-pedagogical turn of the research search in Spanish pedagogy at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The concept of “social education” has acquired new values, in particular, it became understood as a democratic education, solidarity education, one that contributes to the consolidation of society. The provisions of the Spanish pedagogical discourse of the end of the 19th and the first third of the 20th century, in which social education was considered in correlation with the phenomenon of social consolidation, are characterized.  Subjective positions of Spanish educators (H. Ortega y Gasset, M. de Unamuno, R. Ruiz Amado, L. Parral Cristobal, A. Posada, L. Palacios Morini, A. Servera Royo, E. Luis Andre, R. Blanco Sanchez, etc.) are presented and explained on the interpretation of the concept of social education in its connection with the phenomenon of social consolidation.   Received: 31 October 2020 / Accepted: 3 December 2020 / Published: 17 January 2021

scholarly journals Tver Zemstvo and Governor A. N. Somov: Features of Interaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Andreev Aleksei E. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Inaccurate Information ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Government Work ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article analyzes the interaction of the Tver governor A. N. Somov with zemstvo institutions at the end of the 19th century. The issue of interaction between authorities and local self-government, independent from each other in accordance with the current legislation, is relevant for the work of both representative and executive authorities in the Russian Federation. The aim of the study is to determine the features of the interaction of the Tver zemstvo and the highest official of the province at the end of the 19th century. The author’s methodological approaches are traditionally determined by the principles of scientific objectivity, historicism and historical determinism. The study used both universal scientific methods and special methods of historical research, determined by the specifics of the problem posed and source material, namely: problem-chronological method, comparative analysis method, systemic method. The source base of the research is quite representative and included several groups of historical sources: legislation, office documentation, official directories, periodicals. In the course of the study, it was revealed that an employee exiled from the capital for anti-government activities worked in the provincial zemstvo statistical committee. With his help, the Zemstvo people provided the governor, and he, in turn, with the Ministry of Internal Affairs, inaccurate information in order to reduce the police apparatus. Another example of the governor’s benevolent attitude towards the anti-government-minded zemstvo is the submission to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the dissenting opinion of the provincial zemstvo assembly on the shortcomings of state power and the need to reform the state apparatus. The facts of the reaction of the Governor of Tver A. N. Somov on the actions of the Tver zemstvo confirm the opinion about the anti-government activities of the zemstvo, which for more than 20 years was not suppressed in a timely manner by this governor, despite the latter’s significant powers. Keywords: zemstvo, governor A. N. Somov, provincial institutions, anti-government work

scholarly journals Quadcopters Testing Platform for Educational Environments

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4134
Author(s):  
Uriel Veyna ◽  
Sergio Garcia-Nieto ◽  
Raul Simarro ◽  
Jose Vicente Salcedo
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Controller Design ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Advanced Level ◽  
Educational Environments ◽  
Open Test ◽  
Basic Level ◽  
Three Degrees Of Freedom

This work focuses on the design and construction of an experimental test bench of three degrees of freedom with application in educational environments. It is constituted by a gyroscopic structure that allows the movements of a quadcopter to analyze the control systems. In this context, the main features of the mechanical and electronic design of this prototype are described. At the same time, the main characteristics with respect to existing platforms are highlighted in aspects such as: system autonomy, cost, safety level, operation ranges, experimental flexibility, among others. The possible controller design approaches for quadcopter stabilization can extend to many basic and advanced techniques. In this work, to show the operation and didactic use of the platform, the development of the controller for tilt angle stabilization under two different approaches are presented. The first approach is through PID control, oriented for undergraduate students with basic level in control theory. The second approach is by means of State Feedback, oriented to students with more advanced level in this field. The result of this work is an open test bench, enabled for the experimentation of control algorithms using Matlab-Simulink.

General Introduction

2010 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Farley Simon Nobre ◽  
Andrew M. Tobias ◽  
David S. Walker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Organization Theory ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
The 19Th Century

The practice of organizing is ancient, but formal study of organizations is relatively new. The search for knowledge on organizations through scientific methods of investigation has received increasing attention since the beginning of the 20th century. Such investigations have found enough maturity and formality to constitute a new discipline known today as organization theory. Principles of organizations evolved with ancient and medieval civilizations, and developed and matured after the Industrial Revolution in Europe in the 18th century and latterly in the United States of America in the 19th century. Such a transformation flourished gradually after the apogee of the Renaissance in Europe which was marked by a period of revolution in thinking, supported by religious, economic, social and political changes (Wren, 1987).

scholarly journals Politikai küzdelmek a századfordulón a budapesti egyetemi körben (1888–1899)

Gerundium ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-89
Author(s):  
Júlia Varga
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
First Year ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Political Struggles ◽  
Assimilation Process ◽  
The University ◽  
The 19Th Century

Political Struggles at the Turn of the Century in the University Circle of Budapest 1888–1898. The study presents details about the activities of the, so far quite unknown, University Circle of Budapest in the last decade of the 19th century. Its source is the Egyetemi Lapok university periodical, voicing the political views of the youth. In the writings thereof, the author tries to find sings of how the university students became divided, which manifested itself in the anti-Semitic cross movement in the first year of the new century, in 1901. What led to the principally liberal Hungarian bourgeoisie and gentry youth interested in politics separating itself, or even turning against, their Jewish counterparts, formulating their own interests against them? The Budapest University was one of the prominent locations of the assimilation process of the Jews concentrated in the capital, and the roots of the dividedness of the Hungarian intellectuals may be found in the events, and intellectual reactions, that took place at that time.

scholarly journals Identifying Vocabulary Learning Strategies Used by Undergraduate Students in Different Proficiency Levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Nurmala Hendrawaty ◽  
Ayu Bandu Retnomurti
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Vocabulary Learning ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Advanced Level ◽  
Proficiency Levels ◽  
Acquisition Strategies ◽  
Vocabulary Learning Strategies ◽  
Basic Level ◽  
Competency Level

The aim of this study is to discover diverse vocabulary learning strategies among undergraduate students in three different competence levels (basic, intermediate, and advanced) who are enrolled in the Vocabulary course at Universitas Indraprasta PGRI in semester III. In this study, determination, social, memory, cognitive, and metacognitive methods were used to learn the language. Schmitt's Vocabulary Learning Strategies Questionnaire was used to collect data (VLSQ). Thirty undergraduate students were chosen on the basis of their competence levels. The results of descriptive statistics revealed that most undergraduate students used a medium strategy. The basic level had a mean score of 2.91, the intermediate level of 3.10, and the advanced level of 3.44. It was evident that the more vocabulary acquisition strategies a student used, the greater his or her competency level became. When it came to the most and least frequently utilized strategies by undergraduate students, metacognitive and determination were the most commonly employed techniques across three levels. However, the least frequent strategies of each level were different. Cognitive was slightly used by basic undergraduate students. Memory was the least employed by intermediate undergraduate students, and social was the fewest strategies implemented by advanced undergraduate students. This study revealed that the development of vocabulary learning strategies could increase EFL undergraduate students’ proficiency levels significantly.

scholarly journals Proof of Euclid’s fifth postulate and the establishment of the metaphysical foundations of the so-called space (metametry)

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 280-309
Author(s):  
Eduard O. Heyfetz
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Euclidean Geometry ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Small Unit ◽  
Fundamental Properties ◽  
Non Euclidean Geometry ◽  
Foundations Of Physics ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Basic Level ◽  
The Ideal

Euclid’s fifth postulate has been accepted as a theorem since the time of ancient Greece. The efforts to prove it have been going on for nearly 2 000 years. Non-Euclidean geometry, based on its rejection, emerged in the first half of the 19th century. The author of the present article returns to the problem by addressing the metaphysical foundations of physics. The author has found the ideal instrument for analyzing infinity to be an infinitely small unit, which cannot be divided further. With the help of this instrument, the fundamental properties of the so-called space were found. It was concluded that there are no oblique or curved lines on the basic level. The apparent curved and oblique lines are stairs with negligibly fluent changing or constant steps, correspondingly. Hence, the refutation of non-Euclidean geometries and seeking a new proof of the postulate. Inter alia, it was found that the requirement to conclude the proof from Euclid’s other four axioms only diverted the attention of mathematicians from the true problem. The author proved the fifth postulate on a plane. Its application to a pair of skew lines is considered. In conclusion, the author describes the basic properties of the so-called space.

scholarly journals Integrating islamic input in undergraduate psychiatry teaching: IIUM experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Najwa Hanim Md Rosli ◽  
Md Faiz Md Tahir ◽  
Nora Mat Zin ◽  
Hanisah Mohd. Noor ◽  
Kartini Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Postgraduate Training ◽  
Good Clinical Practice ◽  
Medical Specialty ◽  
First Year ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Spirituality And Religion ◽  
Future Expectation ◽  
The 19Th Century

Introduction: Since the recognition of psychiatry as a medical specialty back in the 19th century, many theories, therapies and treatment were much influenced by Western findings and practice. In general, spirituality and religion had little input or mentioning. Recently in 2012, the Royal College of Psychiatrists (London) affirmed the value of considering spirituality and religion as a part of good clinical practice which would benefit both the patient and the psychiatrist throughout the treatment period. In the Malaysian context, the general postgraduate training of psychiatrists in Malaysia does not specifically integrate religious or spiritual values in the curriculum. Methods: At IIUM, the undergraduate students are exposed to basic and essential psychology during the first year. During their fourth year they are introduced to subject of psychiatry for a short two weeks. Later in their final year, they exposed to an extensive and comprehensive 7 weeks posting covering all major topics and disorders in psychiatry. Results: In this paper, we would like to share our experience throughout the 15 years, this program has been running and discuss the challenges, limitations and future expectation in order to realize the objective of integrating Islamic input into the psychiatry curriculum in IIUM hence producing doctors who are may then treat and heal patients holistically; physically, psychologically and spiritually. Conclusions: Studies on the outcome of the integrated Islamic input in the psychiatry curriculum among the clinical students and graduates are to be carried out further in the future.

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