scholarly journals Using Spatial Image Schemata in the characterization of spatial relations

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Maria Engracinda dos Santos Ferreira ◽  
Luciene Stamato Delazari
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Spatial Description ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Spatial Image ◽  
Image Schemata ◽  
Locative Expressions ◽  
Description Task ◽  
Everyday Task

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Spatially describing objects or environments is a natural and everyday task present in the daily lives of individuals. To portray the existing relationships between present elements of the scene described, it is necessary to use terms known as spatial relations. Frequently, such descriptions are performed using Natural Language (NL), both spoken and written. The existence of a constant interaction of human with the environment makes NL rich in terms that characterize space, resulting in a diversity of such words. The variety of terms used as spatial relations makes it difficult to implement spatial localization systems that use NL. Therefore, to understand how spatial relations are used, the present article aimed to detect and categorize such spatial relations. For this, an experiment of a spatial description of environments unknown by users was performed. The volunteers were native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese language and from the spatial descriptions were obtained locative expressions that allowed the definition and categorization of spatial relations using the Spatial Image Schemata. The results obtained demonstrated an attempt to understand the spatial relations used in spatial descriptions. In the future, we aim to define a set of spatial relations representative of the words used in a spatial description task.</p>

scholarly journals No effects of modality in development of locative expressions of space in signing and speaking children

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1101-1131
Author(s):  
Beyza SÜMER ◽  
Aslı ÖZYÜREK
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Sign Languages ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Spatial Expressions ◽  
Locative Expressions ◽  
Complex Forms ◽  
Description Task ◽  
Hearing Children ◽  
Representations Of Space

AbstractLinguistic expressions of locative spatial relations in sign languages are mostly visually motivated representations of space involving mapping of entities and spatial relations between them onto the hands and the signing space. These are also morphologically complex forms. It is debated whether modality-specific aspects of spatial expressions modulate spatial language development differently in signing compared to speaking children. In a picture description task, we compared the use of locative expressions for containment, support, and occlusion relations by deaf children acquiring Turkish Sign Language and hearing children acquiring Turkish (age 3;5–9;11). Unlike previous reports suggesting a boosting effect of iconicity, and/or a hindering effect of morphological complexity of the locative forms in sign languages, our results show similar developmental patterns for signing and speaking children's acquisition of these forms. Our results suggest the primacy of cognitive development guiding the acquisition of locative expressions by speaking and signing children.

An exploratory study on pro-drop in a written description task in L2 Spanish

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
An Vande Casteele ◽  
Alejandro Palomares Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Language Learners ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
L2 Spanish ◽  
Spanish Language Learners ◽  
Description Task ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Written Description

Abstract The present article aims at investigating the pro-drop phenomenon in L2 Spanish. The phenomenon of pro-drop or null subject is a typological feature of some languages, which are characterized by an implicit subject in cases of topic continuity. More specifically, behaviour regarding subject (dis)continuity in Spanish differs from French. This paper will offer a contrastive analysis on subject realisation by French learners of L2 Spanish compared to L1 Spanish speakers. So, the goal of this pilot study is to see if a different functioning in pro-drop in the mother tongue also influences the L2. The study is based upon a written description task presented to the two groups of participants: the experimental group of French mother tongue L2 Spanish language learners and the control group of Spanish native speakers.

scholarly journals Sexual violence as a limiting factor on the perception and management of the risk of HIV in women married to migrants

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yesica Yolanda Rangel Flores
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Methodological Triangulation ◽  
Migration Experiences

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the influence of sexual violence on the perception and management of the risk of HIV in women married to migrants. Methods: study with an ethnographic approach carried out in urban and rural communities. Data were obtained by methodological triangulation, with participant and non-participant observation, as well as interviews. The informants were 21 women married to international migrants. The interviews were transcribed and discourse analysis was applied to them. Results: three categories emerged from the speeches to problematize the influence of sexual violence in the perception and management of the risk of HIV: "Characterization of sexual practices in the context of migration", "Experiences of sexual violence" and "Construction of the risk of HIV-AIDS". Conclusion: women have difficulty to recognize the acts of sexual violence in their daily lives, and their perceptions of risk are not decisive in the management of the threat to which they are exposed. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly urgent that nursing problematizes the sexual violence within "steady couples", as a challenge to the promotion of healthy lifestyles.

scholarly journals 'Real English' in Japan : team teachers' views on nativeness in language teaching

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Team Teaching ◽  
English Language ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
English Teacher ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Interview Research ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Native English Speaking

In Japan, English is often taught by teams composed of a local Japanese teacher of English (JTE) and a native English speaking assistant English teacher (AET). This form of team teaching is typically assumed to be beneficial as it provides the students with exposure to models of native English which they would otherwise not encounter. Research has found that students and JTEs approve of team teaching as it provides students with motivation to study a language that would otherwise have little relevance to their daily lives. Less research has been done to explore how team teaching affects the JTEs with regards to their feelings about their own skills as English language users. In this paper, based on interview research with JTEs, I argue that team teaching reinforces the dichotomy between native and non-native speakers to the detriment of both Japanese teachers and their students.

scholarly journals Anti-Stress, Glial- and Neuro-Differentiation Potential of Resveratrol: Characterization by Cellular, Biochemical and Imaging Assays

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 671
Author(s):  
Sajal Afzal ◽  
Sukant Garg ◽  
Divya Adiga ◽  
Yoshiyuki Ishida ◽  
Keiji Terao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Protein Markers ◽  
Human Neuroblastoma ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Rat Glioma ◽  
Age Related

Environmental stress, exhaustive industrialization and the use of chemicals in our daily lives contribute to increasing incidence of cancer and other pathologies. Although the cancer treatment has revolutionized in last 2–3 decades, shortcomings such as (i) extremely high cost of treatment, (ii) poor availability of drugs, (iii) severe side effects and (iv) emergence of drug resistance have prioritized the need of developing alternate natural, economic and welfare (NEW) therapeutics reagents. Identification and characterization of such anti-stress NEW drugs that not only limit the growth of cancer cells but also reprogram them to perform their specific functions are highly desired. We recruited rat glioma- and human neuroblastoma-based assays to explore such activities of resveratrol, a naturally occurring stilbenoid. We demonstrate that nontoxic doses of resveratrol protect cells against a variety of stresses that are largely involved in age-related brain pathologies. These included oxidative, DNA damage, metal toxicity, heat, hypoxia, and protein aggregation stresses. Furthermore, it caused differentiation of cells to functional astrocytes and neurons as characterized by the upregulation of their specific protein markers. These findings endorse multiple bioactivities of resveratrol and encourage them to be tested for their benefits in animal models and humans.

Is there anything there when there is not there? Null expletives and second language data

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Oshita
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Lexical Item ◽  
Psychological Reality ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Syntactic Properties ◽  
Linguistic Characterization ◽  
Large Corpus ◽  
Made In

This article explores the issue of the psychological reality of null expletives, i.e., the silent counterparts of the so-called dummy subjects such as English it and there. Following Jackendoff’s (1997; 2002) notion of `defective’ lexical item, I define null expletives as extremely `defective’ words with syntactic properties but no semantic or phonological content. By comparing native speakers of pro-drop languages and those of topic-drop languages in terms of their grammatical judgement of and productive use of English, I argue that null expletives are very likely psychologically real to speakers of pro-drop languages but not to those of topic-drop languages. This conclusion is based on observations made in previous second language (L2) studies and the analysis of data obtained from a large corpus of nonnative English. The question of the unaccusative-unergative distinction in L2 grammar and the linguistic characterization of so-called free subject-verb inversion in pro-drop languages are also discussed in relation to the issue of the psychological reality of null expletives.

Arabic plurals and root and pattern morphology in Palestinian and Egyptian heritage speakers

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elabbas Benmamoun ◽  
Abdulkafi Albirini ◽  
Silvina Montrul ◽  
Eman Saadah
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Heritage Speakers ◽  
Good Grasp ◽  
Arabic Morphology ◽  
Picture Description ◽  
Arabic Dialects ◽  
Description Task ◽  
Palestinian Arabic ◽  
Linguistic Approaches

This study investigates heritage speakers’ knowledge of plural formation in their colloquial varieties of Arabic, which use both concatenative and non-concatentative modes of derivation. In the concatenative derivation, a plural suffix attaches to the singular stem (muhandis ‘engineer-sg.’ → muhandis-iin ‘engineer-pl’); in the non-concatenative, the relation between the singular (gamal ‘camel’) and the plural (gimaal ‘camels’) typically involves vocalic and prosodic alternations with the main shared similarity between the two forms being the consonantal root (e.g., g-m-l). In linguistic approaches, non-concatenative patterns have been captured in different ways, though the earliest and most recognizable approach involves the mapping of a consonantal root onto a plural template. We investigated heritage speakers’ knowledge of the root and pattern system in two independent experiments. In Experiment 1, oral narratives were elicited from 20 heritage speakers and 20 native speakers of Egyptian and Palestinian Arabic. In Experiment 2, another group of 24 heritage speakers and 24 native speakers of the same dialects completed an oral picture-description task. The results of the two experiments show that heritage speakers’ knowledge of the root and pattern system of Arabic is not target-like. Yet, they have a good grasp of the root and template as basic units of word formation in their heritage Arabic dialects. We discuss implications for debates about the acquisition of the root and pattern system of Arabic morphology.

scholarly journals How University Students as Non Native English Speakers Perform Face Threatening Acts

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Maraden Parlindungan Silalahi
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native English Speakers ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Source Data ◽  
Face Threats ◽  
The Face ◽  
Completion Test

<p>Politeness is necessary in any social interaction to avoid conflict which might arise because of the utterances. Politeness elaborates that we all have ‘face’ of wants and needs, when the wants and needs are not fulfilled properly, then a Face-Threatening Act (FTA) is executed (Lakoff, 1973). There are all sorts of Face-Threatening Acts, and sometimes the face threats are directed to the hearer, while in some other times they are aimed to the first speaker (Brown &amp; Levinson, 1987). The students of Non-Native English Speaker (NNES) become the source data of this study. The way they perform the FTA based on circumstances, which are Power, Social Distance, and Imposition (Brown &amp; Levinson, 1987). While performing FTA, the students have different ways of applying it in their daily lives. The greatest possibility is that the students might use politeness strategy to minimize FTA, by using negative politeness and positive politeness, which theory comes from Brown and Levinson (1987). Qualitative approach is used in this study, while the method is test analysis. The data is using Discourse Completion Test (DCT) of Politeness regarding various situations to perform FTA and it will be delivered to all University students. The result can be seen that most of the respondent's answers are identical to the expected answers from the data collectors. This proves that most of NNES are able to perform FTA appropriately, moreover when it is associated with politeness. The purpose of this study is to describe students’ comprehension, as well as to provide learning to who are not English native speakers, about FTA and ways that can be applied to perform FTA. It is expected that this study will help students to figure out about the function of FTA and understand more on how to perform FTA.<strong></strong></p><strong>Keywords: </strong> politeness, face threatening acts, non native English speakers, university students

scholarly journals BODY PART NOUN GROUPS WITH SPATIAL MEANINGS IN LINGUISTIC WORLD PICTURE

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Т.Е. Чаплыгина
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
World Picture ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Language

В статье рассматриваются особенности выражения пространственных отношений именными локативными группами с названиями частей тела. Анализ показал, что выбор предлогов в или на при выражении пространственных отношений существительными, называющими части тела, в большой степени обусловлен особенностями восприятия мира носителями русского языка. The article touches upon the subject of spatial relations expressed by means of body part names in Russian language. The research demonstrated, that the choice of prepositions v (in) or na (on) when expressing spatial relations with body part names is largely due to the peculiarities of the perception of the world by native speakers of the Russian language.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document