scholarly journals The generation of problem-focussed patent clusters: a comparative analysis of crowd intelligence with algorithmic and expert approaches

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Wodehouse ◽  
Gokula Vasantha ◽  
Jonathan Corney ◽  
Ross Maclachlan ◽  
Ananda Jagadeesan

This paper presents a new crowdsourcing approach to the construction of patent clusters, and systematically benchmarks it against previous expert and algorithmic approaches. Patent databases should be rich sources of inspiration which could lead engineering designers to novel solutions for creative problems. However, the sheer volume and complexity of patent information means that this potential is rarely realised. Rather than the keyword driven searches common in commercial systems, designers need tools that help them to understand patents in the context of the problem they are considering. This paper presents an approach to address this problem by using crowd intelligence for effective generation of patent clusters at lower cost and with greater rationale. A systematic study was carried out to compare the crowd’s efficiency with both expert and algorithmic patent clusters, with the results indicating that the crowd was able to create 80% more patent pairs with appropriate rationale.

2021 ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
Vahe Hakobyan

The purpose of this article is to analyze the two manuscript versions of the work «The Confluence of the seas» composed by Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Halabi the prominent religious scholar who is also considered to be one of the outstanding representatives of the Hanafi religious law school, written by two different writers. The tasks arising from this goal are: to study the manuscript version of the work «Multaqa al-ābḥur» kept at the Mesrop Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts (Matenadaran, No. 1713) and the manuscript of the same work kept at King Saud University (No. 6770) and present a comparative description of the comments and footnotes in them. During the research various methods were used such as: the complex and systematic study method, methods of comparative analysis and juxtapose. As a result of our research it was concluded that there are clear and distinct differences in the comments and footnotes to the two manuscripts. There are chapters and subsections in which the commentators did not comment at all. Mostly, comments were made on those passages which the commentators found difficult for readers to understand.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Hasin Shahed Shad ◽  
Md. Mashfiq Rizvee ◽  
Nishat Tasnim Roza ◽  
S. M. Ahsanul Hoq ◽  
Mohammad Monirujjaman Khan ◽  
...  

Generation Z is a data-driven generation. Everyone has the entirety of humanity’s knowledge in their hands. The technological possibilities are endless. However, we use and misuse this blessing to face swap using deepfake. Deepfake is an emerging subdomain of artificial intelligence technology in which one person’s face is overlaid over another person’s face, which is very prominent across social media. Machine learning is the main element of deepfakes, and it has allowed deepfake images and videos to be generated considerably faster and at a lower cost. Despite the negative connotations associated with the phrase “deepfakes,” the technology is being more widely employed commercially and individually. Although it is relatively new, the latest technological advances make it more and more challenging to detect deepfakes and synthesized images from real ones. An increasing sense of unease has developed around the emergence of deepfake technologies. Our main objective is to detect deepfake images from real ones accurately. In this research, we implemented several methods to detect deepfake images and make a comparative analysis. Our model was trained by datasets from Kaggle, which had 70,000 images from the Flickr dataset and 70,000 images produced by styleGAN. For this comparative study of the use of convolutional neural networks (CNN) to identify genuine and deepfake pictures, we trained eight different CNN models. Three of these models were trained using the DenseNet architecture (DenseNet121, DenseNet169, and DenseNet201); two were trained using the VGGNet architecture (VGG16, VGG19); one was with the ResNet50 architecture, one with the VGGFace, and one with a bespoke CNN architecture. We have also implemented a custom model that incorporates methods like dropout and padding that aid in determining whether or not the other models reflect their objectives. The results were categorized by five evaluation metrics: accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and area under the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve. Amongst all the models, VGGFace performed the best, with 99% accuracy. Besides, we obtained 97% from the ResNet50, 96% from the DenseNet201, 95% from the DenseNet169, 94% from the VGG19, 92% from the VGG16, 97% from the DenseNet121 model, and 90% from the custom model.


2014 ◽  
Vol 638-640 ◽  
pp. 1185-1189
Author(s):  
Tan Hua

To explore the effects of different factors on the rheological properties of cariphalte modified asphalt, based superpave asphalt binder relevant norms, through the use of dynamic shear rheometer Shell 70# asphalt under different temperature, frequency and strain conditions and rheological properties of cariphalte modified asphalt carrying on a systematic study, and comparative analysis of the two anti-fatigue properties of asphalt in the middle and low temperature.The results show that: compared with 70# asphalt, cariphalte modified asphalt has better rutting resistance over a wide temperature range; at lower frequencies and high intensity pavement, cariphalte modified asphalt to better resistance to permanent deformation; better fatigue resistance at low temperatures, and more fatigue damage is not easy to achieve.


Author(s):  
У.П. Природина

В статье проводится исследование одного из сегментов топонимической системы шведского языка, а именно годонимов города Стокгольма, включающих в свой состав наименования животных. Цель исследования - установить структурно-семантические особенности избранной для изучения группы годонимов на основе анализа соотношения их с производящими словами, номинирующими различные виды птиц и млекопитающих, и показать важность избранной лексической группы в фиксации элементов шведской культуры. Актуальность статьи определяется главным образом важностью систематизированного изучения топонимов шведского языка и их лингвокультурной специфики. Избранный объект исследования рассматривается в двух ракурсах: лексикологическом и культурологическом. В первой части статьи изучаются структурно-семантические и, в частности, деривационные особенности отобранных единиц. Во второй части исследования данные наименования подвергаются культурологическому описанию, а именно, с точки зрения национально-культурного содержания, соотносимого с зоологическим компонентом годонимов города Стокгольма. Проанализированы 64 годонима города Стокгольма, производящей основой которых являются лексемы, называющие различные виды птиц и млекопитающих, имеющих важное значение в производственно-материальной деятельности шведов или представляющих определенные символы их духовной деятельности. В работе использованы следующие методы исследования: метод наблюдения, описательный метод и метод дефиниционного анализа, метод сопоставительного анализа и метод этимологического анализа. Результаты проведенного исследования дают представление о национальных особенностях зоологического кода шведской культуры, а также вносят некоторый вклад в развитие ономастики. Статья может быть интересна специалистам в области языкознания и культурологии, преподавателям шведского языка, аспирантам и студентам лингвистического и культурологического направлений подготовки. The article investigates one of the segments of the toponymic system of the Swedish language, namely the godonyms in Stockholm, which include the names of animals. The purpose of the study is to establish the structural-semantic features of the group of godonyms chosen for studying on the basis of analyzing their relationship with the producing words that nominate various species of birds and mammals, and to show the importance of the chosen lexical group in fixing the elements of the Swedish culture. The relevance of the article is determined mainly by the importance of a systematic study of the toponyms of the Swedish language and their linguistic and cultural specifics. The selected object of study is considered in two ways: lexicological and culturological. In the first part of the article, structural-semantic and, in particular, derivational features of the selected units are studied. In the second part of the study, these names are subjected to a culturological description, namely, from the point of view of the national-cultural content, which is correlated with the zoological component of the godonyms in Stockholm. 64 godonyms in Stockholm are analyzed, the production basis of which are lexemes that name various species of birds and mammals, which are important in the production and material activities of the Swedes or represent certain symbols of their spiritual activity. The following research methods were used in the work: observation method, descriptive method and method of definition analysis, comparative analysis method and etymological analysis method. The results of the study give an idea of the national features of the zoological code of the Swedish culture, and also make some contribution to the development of onomastics. The article may be of interest to specialists in the field of linguistics and cultural studies, teachers of the Swedish language, postgraduate students and students of linguistic and cultural studies.


2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gelbert Luiz Chamon do Carmo Amorim ◽  
Geraldo Magela Gomes da Cruz ◽  
Denny Fabrício Magalhães Veloso ◽  
José David Kartabil ◽  
José Carlos Vieira ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the results of radical prostatectomy by perineal and suprapubic approaches as to operative time, procedure costs, and surgical site complications. Methods: The medical records of localized prostate cancer patients (PSA ≤ 10 ng/ml and Gleason score ≤ 6) were analyzed. Fifty-five patients were submitted to radical prostatectomy by perineal approach and 54 via suprapubic approach. Results: There were statistical differences between groups as to operative time (p < 0.05); for perineal approach it was in average 114 minutes (SD ± 0.03) and for suprapubic approach, an average of 167 minutes (SD ± 0.041). Prostatectomy via perineal approach resulted in 11 cases of surgical complications, and suprapubic approach, 3 cases. Conclusions: Radical prostatectomy via perineal approach took less time at a lower cost as compared to the suprapubic approach. However, there were more complications in patients submitted to perineal approach, mainly rectal lesions.


2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald L. Breiger ◽  
Julia Grace Smith

Progress in theorizing networks and events requires formulating a greater diversity of networks and, in particular, enabling network analysis to exploit relations between events and the attributes, actions, and variables that characterize them. We advance this line of inquiry in dialogue with a recent approach to the systematic study of violent conflicts among state actors and groups of people who refuse to accept their governments’ power. One productive way to analyze an insurgency is to view it as a network of sequenced events across stages (periods) of conflict. We explore this formulation, identify limitations, and present illustrative analysis demonstrating how new and useful insights can be obtained by combining our formal approach with one grounded in the comparative analysis of case studies.


VLSI Design ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sotirios G. Ziavras

Extensive comparative analysis is carried out of various mesh-connected architectures that contain sparse broadcast buses for low-cost, high-performance parallel computing. The two basic architectures differ in the implementation of bus intersections. The first architecture simply allows row/column bus crossovers, whereas the second architecture implements such intersections with switches that introduce further flexibility. Both architectures have lower cost than the mesh with multiple broadcast, which has buses spanning each row and each column, but the former architectures maintain to high extent the powerful properties of the latter mesh. The architecture that employs switches for the creation of separable buses is even shown to often perform better than the higher-cost mesh with multiple broadcast. Architectures with separable buses that employ store-and-forward routing often perform better than architectures with contiguous buses that employ the high-cost wormhole routing technique. These architectures are evaluated in reference to cost, and efficiency in implementing several important operations and application algorithms. The results prove that these architectures are very promising alternatives to the mesh with multiple broadcast while their implementation is cost-effective and feasible.


2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Mingxin Li

<p><em>The Analects, Chinese original name Lun Yu, as the most important Confucius book, has enjoyed its powerful vitality with its enduring influence in Sinology home and abroad. People have made many attempts to explore its problems of translations, hoping to account for factors behind individual versions of Lun Yu. However, what the researchers based either on language-oriented or culture-oriented theory, a systematic study is on demand with the development on Confucianism research. This thesis explores two English versions of Lun Yu in light of the adaptation theory of Translational ecology. It provides a new way to interpret Lun Yu as the representative cultural classic. The research objective can be attained as: in light of Verscheren’s adaptation theory, different translations of Lun Yu can be investigated comprehensively at the Language-internal and the language-external levels. The adaptation theory can manifest the translators’ subjectivity according to different eco-translational environment. Moreover, the research focuses on Kung Hung ming’s translation version and Arther Waley’s version with their distinct features which can thrown light on the readers to understand Lun Yu from a new perspective. In this thesis, a descriptive approach is adopted in the comparative analysis on the two versions of Lun Yu. This research can provide an attempting and concept for the broader context of translation study.</em></p>


Author(s):  
João Vitor Barros Assunção ◽  
Renan Phelipe Rodrigues Pantoja ◽  
Bruno Pereira Gonçalves ◽  
David Barbosa de Alencar ◽  
Jean Mark Lobo de Oliveira

With the growth of technology in the mobile area, the app market has been bringing solutions to many problems and making life easier for many people, whether in the business, technology, administrative and many others. It is necessary to understand that to build an app, there are many technologies for different purposes, and developers need to know which one is best applied in every situation. Therefore, the objective of this research is to bring an analysis about the native and hybrid development, showing its main features and information regarding the usability and functionality of two existing applications, which were built within the standards of each tool, based on two features of ISO / IEC 25010: 2011 regarding Software Product Quality. An exploratory research was conducted to bring comparative data regarding applications, and based on the results obtained, it was observed that it is possible to develop similar applications in interface, quality and functionality, even if they are built with different technologies. As a result, native technology is often used to build more robust functionality-based applications that follow the interface standard of each platform, and hybrids are a lower-cost alternative, as well as fact that its source code is fully reusable for use on other platforms.


Author(s):  
Razvan Tatu ◽  
Angelo Nicolaides

There are diverse living religions in the world, and they exist as they likely meet various needs including the spiritual as well as material, of the people who espouse them. The religions require a systematic study as one looks at their teachings and the religious life they embrace. This article proffers an investigation on the theme of Christianity juxtaposed with Buddhism. It especially looks at themes including the role of religion, ethics, spirituality, prayer, grace, God, considerations of peace, salvation, good and evil and the afterlife. It is evident that there are indeed similarities and overlapping issues but there are equally many differences between these two great global religions. The article concludes that distinctive character of the religions can only be ascertained through an analysis of the fundamental concepts such as those considered in this article.


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