scholarly journals Effect of Different Tillage Systems on Wheat Yield under Laser Land Leveling

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Salih Ati ◽  
Marwan Musa Nasr ◽  
Abdul Khalick Salih
Keyword(s):  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Crop Height ◽  
Land Leveling ◽  
Chisel Plow ◽  
42.65 G

"A field experiment was conducted in Al-Adwaniyah region, located on latitude 33° 13' 93.59"" N, and longitude 44° 37' 91.37"" E, at an altitude of 31 m above MSL, during the autumn season of the year 2018 AD to know the effect of laser land leveling, tillage and discharge on water productivity, wheat growth and yield. The experiment consisted of three treatments. The first was the tillage implement with two levels: the mold board plow (T1) and the chisel plow (T2). The second was the slope percentage of the soil surface leveling, with three levels: the conventional leveling (L0), the leveling with the slope percentage of 0.15% (L1), and the leveling with the slope percentage of 0.30% (L2). The third was the discharge rate with two levels: discharge rate of 16 L sec-1 (Q1), and discharge rate of 24 L sec-1 (Q2). The experiment was designed according to the split-split plots design with three replicates. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1. Crop height, weight of 1000 grain and yield, recorded their highest value With T1 of 73.07 cm, and 5.442-ton ha-1 , respectively, weight of 1000 grain with T1 Equally with T2 of 40.36 g 1000 grain-1 . with L1 of 79.69 cm, 42.20 g 1000 grain-1 and 6.347 ton ha-1, respectively. With Q1 recorded the highest crop height, weight of 1000 grain and yield of 72.62 cm, 40.98 g 1000 grain-1, and 5.741-ton ha-1, Respectively. With T1L1 recorded the highest crop height, weight of 1000 grain and yield of 80.15 cm, 42.50 g 1000 grain-1 and 6.480-ton ha-1 , respectively. With T1Q1 recorded the highest crop height, weight of 1000 and yield of 74.65 cm, 41.09 g 1000 grain-1 and 5.796-ton ha-1 respectively. With L1Q1 recorded the highest crop height, weight of 1000 grain and yield of 79.80 cm, 42.65 g 1000 grain-1 and 6.644-ton ha-1 , respectively. With T1L1Q1 recorded highest crop height, weight of 1000 grain and yield of 82.02 cm, 43.07 g 1000 grain-1 and 6.809-ton ha-1 , respectively. 2. The root depth recorded highest depth with T2 of 61.83 mm. With L0 of 67.60 mm. With Q2 of 61.33 mm. With T2L0 of 69.35 mm. With T2Q2 of 63.00 mm. With Q2L0 of 69.35 mm. With T2L0Q2 of 71.10 mm. 3. The crop water productivity and field water productivity recorded the highest productivity with T1 of 13.294 and 13.571kg mm 1 , respectively. With L1 of 15.079and 15.407 kg mm-1 , respectively. With Q1 of 11.735 and 11.825kg mm 1 , respectively. With T1L1 of 16.220and16.719 kg mm 1 , respectively. With T2Q2 of 14.326and14.685 kg mm 1 , respectively. With L0Q2 of 15.959and16.374 kg mm 1,respectively. With Q1T1L1 of 17.220and 17.811kg mm 1, respectively"

scholarly journals Effect of Different Tillage Systems on Wheat Yield under Laser Land Leveling

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Salih Ati ◽  
Marwan Musa Nasr ◽  
Abdul Khalick Salih
Keyword(s):  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Crop Height ◽  
Land Leveling ◽  
Chisel Plow ◽  
42.65 G

"A field experiment was conducted in Al-Adwaniyah region, located on latitude 33° 13' 93.59"" N, and longitude 44° 37' 91.37"" E, at an altitude of 31 m above MSL, during the autumn season of the year 2018 AD to know the effect of laser land leveling, tillage and discharge on water productivity, wheat growth and yield. The experiment consisted of three treatments. The first was the tillage implement with two levels: the mold board plow (T1) and the chisel plow (T2). The second was the slope percentage of the soil surface leveling, with three levels: the conventional leveling (L0), the leveling with the slope percentage of 0.15% (L1), and the leveling with the slope percentage of 0.30% (L2). The third was the discharge rate with two levels: discharge rate of 16 L sec-1 (Q1), and discharge rate of 24 L sec-1 (Q2). The experiment was designed according to the split-split plots design with three replicates. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1. Crop height, weight of 1000 grain and yield, recorded their highest value With T1 of 73.07 cm, and 5.442-ton ha-1 , respectively, weight of 1000 grain with T1 Equally with T2 of 40.36 g 1000 grain-1 . with L1 of 79.69 cm, 42.20 g 1000 grain-1 and 6.347 ton ha-1 , respectively. With Q1 recorded the highest crop height, weight of 1000 grain and yield of 72.62 cm, 40.98 g 1000 grain-1 , and 5.741-ton ha-1 , Respectively. With T1L1 recorded the highest crop height, weight of 1000 grain and yield of 80.15 cm, 42.50 g 1000 grain-1 and 6.480-ton ha-1 , respectively. With T1Q1 recorded the highest crop height,weight of 1000 and yield of 74.65 cm, 41.09 g 1000 grain-1 and 5.796-ton ha-1 respectively. With L1Q1 recorded the highest crop height, weight of 1000 grain and yield of 79.80 cm, 42.65 g 1000 grain-1 and 6.644-ton ha-1 , respectively. With T1L1Q1 recorded highest crop height, weight of 1000 grain and yield of 82.02 cm, 43.07 g 1000 grain-1 and 6.809-ton ha-1, respectively. 2. The root depth recorded highest depth with T2 of 61.83 mm. With L0 of 67.60 mm. With Q2 of 61.33 mm. With T2L0 of 69.35 mm. With T2Q2 of 63.00 mm. With Q2L0 of 69.35 mm. With T2L0Q2 of 71.10 mm. 3. The crop water productivity and field water productivity recorded the highest productivity with T1 of 13.294 and 13.571kg mm 1 ,respectively. With L1 of 15.079and 15.407 kg mm-1 , respectively. With Q1 of 11.735 and 11.825kg mm 1, respectively. With T1L1 of 16.220and16.719 kg mm 1, respectively. With T2Q2 of 14.326and14.685 kg mm 1 , respectively. With L0Q2 of 15.959and16.374 kg mm 1, respectively. With Q1T1L1 of 17.220and 17.811kg mm 1, respectively."

scholarly journals Short-Term Effects of Biosolid Application on Two Mediterranean Agricultural Soils and Durum Wheat Yield

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 709
Author(s):  
Emna Marouani ◽  
Besma Zarai ◽  
Khaoula Boudabbous ◽  
Naïma Kolsi Benzina ◽  
Noura Ziadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

This study evaluated the effects of de-inking paper sludge (DPS) and sewage sludge (SS) application on soil properties, and durum wheat growth and yield. A pot experiment was performed on Calcaric cambisol (clCM) and Cromic Luvisol (coLV) soils. Three DPS rates (0, 30, and 60 Mg ha−1) were studied with and without nitrogen fertilizer (280 kg NH4NO3 ha−1). DPS was also mixed with SS at two rates (5 and 10 Mg ha−1) to highlight the benefits of organic nitrogen compared to mineral nitrogen. DPS improved total organic carbon and nitrogen, mineral nitrogen, and soils cation exchange capacity, the 30% rate provided the greatest improvement in both soils. DPS increased grain and root P, K, Ca, and Mg contents in both soils. It also increased wheat straw N, P, Mg, and Ca for the same soil compared to the control. Mixed DPS treatments with nitrogen fertilizer enhanced grain yield by up to 38% and increased root biomass in the studied soils. Thus, DPS is a potential source of organic matter and a liming agent for acid soils when appropriate supplemental fertilizer is provided.

Wild oat density and the duration of wild oat competition as it influences wheat growth and yield

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (80) ◽  
pp. 402 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW McNamara
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Wild Oats

The effects of removing wild oats (Avena spp.) from wheat (cv. Gamut) at different stages of wheat growth were investigated in three replicated factorial field experiments at the Tamworth Agricultural Research Centre. In addition, two wild oat densities were compared in the first experiment, and handpulling wild oats was compared with cutting and a shielded paraquat spray in the second experiment. Wheat yield was linearly reduced by up to 1.025 g m-2 day-1 for the duration of wild oat competition. Reductions in tiller number and dry matter yield measured at maturity and the number of tillers per plant recorded at the 5-6 leaf stage were also proportional to the time wild oats were allowed to compete with the wheat. This competitive effect of wild oats increased with increasing weed density. Handpulling and cutting wild oats gave similar measured competitive effects whereas the paraquat spray applied at the 2-3 leaf stage of wheat reduced wheat density.

scholarly journals Simulation of Wheat Productivity Using a Model Integrated With Proximal and Remotely Controlled Aerial Sensing Information

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taehwan Shin ◽  
Jonghan Ko ◽  
Seungtaek Jeong ◽  
Ashifur Rahman Shawon ◽  
Kyung Do Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Crop Modeling ◽  
Proximal Sensing ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Ground Truth Data ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
National University

A crop model incorporating proximal sensing images from a remote-controlled aerial system (RAS) can serve as an enhanced alternative for monitoring field-based geospatial crop productivity. This study aimed to investigate wheat productivity for different cultivars and various nitrogen application regimes and determine the best management practice scenario. We simulated spatiotemporal wheat growth and yield by integrating RAS-based sensing images with a crop-modeling system to achieve the study objective. We conducted field experiments and proximal sensing campaigns to acquire the ground truth data and RAS images of wheat growth conditions and yields. These experiments were performed at Gyeongsang National University (GNU), Jinju, South Gyeongsang province, Republic of Korea (ROK), in 2018 and 2019 and at Chonnam National University (CNU), Gwangju, ROK, in 2018. During the calibration at GNU in 2018, the wheat yields simulated by the modeling system were in agreement with the corresponding measured yields without significant differences (p = 0.27–0.91), according to two-sample t-tests. Furthermore, the yields simulated via this approach were in agreement with the measured yields at CNU in 2018 and at GNU in 2019 without significant differences (p = 0.28–0.86), as evidenced by two-sample t-tests; this proved the validity of the proposed modeling system. This system, when integrated with remotely sensed images, could also accurately reproduce the geospatial variations in wheat yield and growth variables. Given the results of this study, we believe that the proposed crop-modeling approach is applicable for the practical monitoring of wheat growth and productivity at the field level.

scholarly journals WATER USE EFFICIENCY, GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT CULTIVATED UNDER COMPETITION WITH Setaria

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Z. IHSAN ◽  
F.S. EL-NAKHLAWY ◽  
S.M. ISMAIL
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Use Efficiency

ABSTRACT Understanding the critical period of weed competition is indispensable in the development of an effective weed management program in field crops. Current experiment was planned to evaluate the critical growth period ofSetaria and level of yield losses associated with delay in weeding in rain-fed drip irrigated wheat production system of Saudi Arabia. Field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of weeding interval (07-21, 14-28, 21-35, 28-42 and 35-49 days after sowing) and drought stress (75% and 50% of field capacity) on Setaria growth, wheat yield and water use efficiency. Season long weedy check and wellwatered (100% FC) plots were also maintained for comparison. Weeding interval and drought stress significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected the growth and yield of Setaria and wheat. Drought stress from 75% to 50% FC resulted in reductions of 29-40% in Setaria height, 14-27% in Setaria density and 11-26% in Setaria dry biomass. All weeding intervals except 35-49 DAS significantly suppressedSetaria growth as compared with control. Delay in weeding increased weed-crop competition interval and reduced wheat yield and yield contributors. Therefore, the lowest yield of 1836 kg ha-1 was attained for weeding interval of 35-49 DAS at 50% FC. Water use efficiency and harvest index increased with decreasing FC levels but reduced with delay in weeding. Correlation analysis predicted negative association ofSetariadensity with wheat yield and yield contributors and the highest negative association was for harvest index (-0.913) and water use efficiency (-0.614). Early management of Setaria is imperative for successful wheat production otherwise yield losses are beyond economical limits.

scholarly journals Performances of Sheet-Pipe Typed Subsurface Drainage on Land and Water Productivity of Paddy Fields in Indonesia

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Chusnul Arif ◽  
Budi Indra Setiawan ◽  
Satyanto Krido Saptomo ◽  
Hiroshi Matsuda ◽  
Koremasa Tamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Type System ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Soil Aeration

Subsurface drainage technology may offer a useful option in improving crop productivity by preventing water-logging in poor drainage paddy fields. The present study compared two paddy fields with and without sheet-pipe type subsurface drainage on land and water productivities in Indonesia. Sheet-pipe typed is perforated plastic sheets with a hole diameter of 2 mm and made from high-density polyethylene. It is commonly installed 30–50 cm below the soil surface and placed horizontally by a machine called a mole drainer, and then the sheets will automatically be a capillary pipe. Two fields were prepared, i.e., the sheet-pipe typed field (SP field) and the non-sheet-pipe typed field (NSP field) with three rice varieties (Situ Bagendit, Inpari 6 Jete, and Inpari 43 Agritan). In both fields, weather parameters and water depth were measured by the automatic weather stations, soil moisture sensors and water level sensors. During one season, the SP field drained approximately 45% more water compared to the NSP field. Thus, it caused increasing in soil aeration and producing a more significant grain yield, particularly for Inpari 43 Agritan. The SP field produced a 5.77 ton/ha grain yield, while the NSP field was 5.09 ton/ha. By producing more grain yield, the SP field was more effective in water use as represented by higher water productivity by 20%. The results indicated that the sheet-pipe type system developed better soil aeration that provides better soil conditions for rice.

Yield response of restricted-tillering wheat to transient waterlogging on duplex soils

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 957 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Condon ◽  
F. Giunta
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
South West ◽  
Relative Extent ◽  
Before And After

Transient waterlogging during winter and spring reduces wheat yield in many parts of southern Australia. Yield reductions from waterlogging are associated with reduced production and survival of tillers, fewer and smaller fertile tillers, and smaller grain size. Under favourable conditions, wheats that have the tiller-inhibition ('tin') gene produce a lower total number of tillers but a higher proportion of large, productive tillers and larger grains than wheats without this gene. These characteristics of restricted-tillering wheat may contribute to improved yield under transient waterlogging. We compared the growth and yield of the commercial variety Bodallin and 2 Bodallin backcross derivatives containing the 'tin' gene in 8 field trials grown on shallow, duplex soils in 1995 and 1996 at 3 locations in the south-west of Western Australia. Trials were sown at standard (1995) and standard and high (1996) seeding rates. Trial-mean yield ranged from 0.5 to 4.7 t/ha, depending on the occurrence and severity of waterlogging before anthesis and of soil water deficit before and after anthesis. Grain yield of the restricted-tillering (RT) lines averaged only c. 80% of Bodallin. At all sites and seeding rates the RT lines had fewer spikes per m2 (45% fewer, on average) but averaged 44% more grains per spike. In 1996 only, grain weight of the RT lines was 6% greater than of Bodallin. There was no evidence that the relative yield of the RT lines was greater at waterlogged sites than at other sites. Waterlogging reduced the number of fertile spikes of RT lines and of Bodallin to the same relative extent and differences in grains per spike and grain size had little effect on relative yields. Even though harvest index of the RT lines was slightly elevated in some environments, biomass production of the RT lines was low in all environments. We conclude that wheats with the 'tin' gene are unlikely to have a yield advantage under transient waterlogging unless their biomass production can match that of more freely tillering wheats.

scholarly journals Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Dioscorea sansibarensis Pax pada Perlakuan Panjang lanjaran dan Waktu Batang Membelit*

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Solikin ,
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Botanic Garden ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Dioscorea is potentially used as staple food to support food security. The research was aimed to determine the effect of stake length and time of  stem twining  on  the growth of Dioscorea sansibarensis Pax. The experiment was conducted  in  Purwodadi Botanic Garden from December 2014 until May 2015 using split plot randomized block design consisted of two factors, i.e. the stake length and time of stem twining. The stake length was the main plot consisted of 150 cm, 100 cm and 50 cm above soil surface and without stake (control). The time of stem twining as subplots, i.e. stem twined early, twined at the time of 4 leaves stage, and twined at 8 leaves stage. Each combination of the treatments was replicated three times. The results showed that there was significant effect on the stake length  and the time of stem twining treatments on the plant growth and yield. The stake  length of 150 cm treatment produced the highest fresh tuber and total plant dry weight, i.e., 257.24 g and 132.77 g per plant, respectively. On the contrary, the plant without stake produced the lowest fresh tuber and  total dry weight of plant, i.e., 112.10 g and 48.65 g per plant, respectively.<br /><br />Keywords: biomass,leaf area, photosyntesis, tuber weight

scholarly journals Combined Influence of Grafting and Type of Protected Environment Structure on Agronomic and Physiological Traits of Single- and Cluster-Fruit-Bearing Cucumber Hybrids

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1604
Author(s):  
Pratapsingh Suresh Khapte ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Nav Raten Panwar ◽  
Uday Burman ◽  
Youssef Rouphael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Plant Water Potential ◽  
Vegetable Cultivation

Protected vegetable cultivation is a fast-growing sector in which grafting plays a crucial role for success. Cucumber is predominantly grown under protected conditions. The popular slicing (mini) cucumber comprises two segments, single- and cluster-fruit-bearing. In the present study, the performance of select fruit-bearing hybrids grafted as scions onto commercial Cucurbita hybrid rootstock ‘NS-55’ was evaluated under three different low-cost protected structures in arid regions. With respect to type of protected structure, cucumber performance was superior under a naturally ventilated polyhouse (NVP) than an insect net house (INH) or a shade net house (SNH). Micro-climate parameters inside NVP (air temperature, RH and PAR) were more congenial for cucumber than those in net houses, thereby facilitating improved physiology (chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll and plant water potential) and leaf mineral status. Grafting invariably improved growth and yield parameters under all protected structures. Overall plant performance was better in the grafted cluster-fruit-bearing hybrid ‘Terminator’ than the single-fruit-bearing hybrid ‘Nefer’ or their non-grafted counterparts. Furthermore, NVP was found to be superior to net houses for water productivity, and grafted plants were more water use efficient than their counterpart non-grafted plants. Thus, NVP can be considered a suitable low-cost protected structure in conjunction with grafting to boost cucumber crop and water productivity in arid regions.

scholarly journals Improving water productivity in the Australian Grains industry—a nationally coordinated approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 583 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Kirkegaard ◽  
J. R. Hunt ◽  
T. M. McBeath ◽  
J. M. Lilley ◽  
A. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Farm Scale

Improving the water-limited yield of dryland crops and farming systems has been an underpinning objective of research within the Australian grains industry since the concept was defined in the 1970s. Recent slowing in productivity growth has stimulated a search for new sources of improvement, but few previous research investments have been targeted on a national scale. In 2008, the Australian grains industry established the 5-year, AU$17.6 million, Water Use Efficiency (WUE) Initiative, which challenged growers and researchers to lift WUE of grain-based production systems by 10%. Sixteen regional grower research teams distributed across southern Australia (300–700 mm annual rainfall) proposed a range of agronomic management strategies to improve water-limited productivity. A coordinating project involving a team of agronomists, plant physiologists, soil scientists and system modellers was funded to provide consistent understanding and benchmarking of water-limited yield, experimental advice and assistance, integrating system science and modelling, and to play an integration and communication role. The 16 diverse regional project activities were organised into four themes related to the type of innovation pursued (integrating break-crops, managing summer fallows, managing in-season water-use, managing variable and constraining soils), and the important interactions between these at the farm-scale were explored and emphasised. At annual meetings, the teams compared the impacts of various management strategies across different regions, and the interactions from management combinations. Simulation studies provided predictions of both a priori outcomes that were tested experimentally and extrapolation of results across sites, seasons and up to the whole-farm scale. We demonstrated experimentally that potential exists to improve water productivity at paddock scale by levels well above the 10% target by better summer weed control (37–140%), inclusion of break crops (16–83%), earlier sowing of appropriate varieties (21–33%) and matching N supply to soil type (91% on deep sands). Capturing synergies from combinations of pre- and in-crop management could increase wheat yield at farm scale by 11–47%, and significant on-farm validation and adoption of some innovations has occurred during the Initiative. An ex post economic analysis of the Initiative estimated a benefit : cost ratio of 3.7 : 1, and an internal return on investment of 18.5%. We briefly review the structure and operation of the initiative and summarise some of the key strategies that emerged to improve WUE at paddock and farm-scale.

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