scholarly journals Estimation of Some Physico-Chemical Parameters of Tannery Effluents to Surrounding Environment (A Yemeni Case Study)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (30) ◽  
pp. 96-110
Author(s):  
Adel A. M. Saeed ◽  
◽  
Nasser M. N. Masood ◽  
Ali N. A. Al-Kumi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Negative Ions ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Tannery Effluents ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Government

Water pollution caused by leather industrial effluent discharges has become a troublesome phenomenon due to its negative impact on environmental health and safety. In this paper, the wastewater in the vicinity of Lawdar tannery areas was assessed in two years from October 2019 to June 2021 to determine physico-chemical parameters of industrial effluents of Lawdar tannery at four different area points. Tannery effluents were collected and all samples were analyzed in the laboratory and rated as no freshwater with parameters such as acidity and basicity, temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, color, turbidity, hardness, alkalinity, and several positive and negative ions. The investigation showed that all physico-chemical parameters were higher than the standard disposal limits of discharged water quality. The findings of this research will assist the government and tanneries in the treatment of wastewater before discharging to the environment and monitoring the dump sites with regards to disposal arrangement of the tannery effluents and environmental assessment.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variations in Physico-Chemical Characterstics of Tapi Estuary in Hazira Industrial Area

Our Nature ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Gadhia ◽  
R Surana ◽  
E Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical

Present study was carried out to determine the important physico chemical parameters of water of Tapi estuary in Hazira industrial area. Tapi estuary receives the inputs of organic matter and nutrients coming from the domestic wastewater discharges from Surat City, a textile hub as well as industrial effluents from Hazira, a major industrial Complex of Gujarat, India. Uncontrolled discharges of domestic wastes and industrial effluents have affected the estuary. Present study was carried out from June - 2011 to May 2012 to study the impacts of uncontrolled discharges on physicochemical characteristics of water. Samples were collected monthly in the morning during low tide to determine the important physico chemical parameters Viz. Turbidity, conductivity, total solid, total dissolved solid, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, BOD, COD, Calcium, chloride, sodium , potassium and nutrients like nitrate, nitrite and phosphate. Dissolved oxygen was found extremely low during the study period. High biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen demand (COD) showed that the water quality of estuary has been affected by industrial and domestic effluents. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7811

scholarly journals SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF THE ZAPADNA MORAVA RIVER WATER QUALITY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nebojša Đ. Pantelic ◽  
◽  
Jana S. Štrbacki ◽  
Goran Markovic ◽  
Jelena B. Popovic-Đorđevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Ammonium Ion ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Chemical Status ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Morava River

The water samples collected from four localities of the middle course of the Zapadna Morava River during 2020 were analyzed via the selected physico-chemical parameters with the aim to estimate the quality of surface water. According to the results of selected physico-chemical parameters (pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand), analyzed surface water show a good chemical status, while the values of nutrient content (nitrate, nitrite, ammonium ion, total phosphorus) indicated the poor chemical status especially at the locality 4 probably due to the outflow of wastewater from the city of Čačak as well as from the influence of the polluted water of the Čemernica River.

Sources of Pollution of the Estuary of the River Nervion, Spain – A Case Study

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (5-7) ◽  
pp. 95-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Azkona ◽  
S H Jenkins ◽  
H M G Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Sulphide Concentration

This paper describes part of a comprehensive multidisciplinary study of the pollution of the estuary of the River Nervion, Bilbao, Spain. The objectives of the study were to determine the sources and loads of pollution from domestic sewage and industrial wastewater; provide information on the extent of pollution; formulate hydrodynamic and predictive models capable of forecasting the effects on the estuary of the anticipated growth of population and industry; determine the amount of polluting matter that would have to be removed in order to reach defined estuary water quality standards; arrive at suitable technical methods able to attain these standards at minimum cost; determine the treatability of wastewater discharges and recommend methods for controlling industrial wastewater. These objectives necessitated a survey of the pollution loads from domestic sources and industry which were discharged to the fresh water and tidal reaches of four major tributaries in addition to the main river Nervion; the results of this part of the survey are described in this paper. The presence of iron in discharges from iron ore mining and metal processing was found to aid flocculation of organic matter and the consequent deposition of sludge in the estuary. This action and the rate of oxygen uptake during the decomposition of such deposits are also described. The domestic sewage of the study area receives treatment in septic tanks before discharging to rivers or the estuary. In spite of free hydrogen sulphide and high concentrations being present in the septic tank effluents, odour nuisance does not occur, because, as is shown in the paper, of the formation of ferrous sulphide. The hydrogen sulphide concentration in the atmosphere at a pumping station was found to be above the safety level. The industrial load of impurity was estimated to be approximately 15% higher than the domestic load, but it is extremly difficult to find a rational basis on which comparisons may be made between domestic sewage and a mixture of industrial effluents containing substances inimical to biological activity. The industrial effluent was contained in a very large volume of water, much of it taken from the estuary for cooling or process water. It is calculated that if the industrial pollutants had been contained only in the fresh water used by industry the COD of the mixture would have been 1317 mg/l; the suspended solids 2143 mg/l; the ammonia nitrogen 191 mg/l; iron 1037 mg/l; other heavy metals 118 mg/l; fluoride as F 14.5 mg/l; cyanide as CN 8.1 mg/l; oil 196 mg/l; phenols 8.1 mg/l; mercury 0.13 mg/l; and the mixture would have had an excess of acidity of 5188 mg/l. An estimate of the load of substances having an oxygen demand indicated that of the total oxygen demand discharged to the system of rivers and estuary approximately 50% entered the estuary from the main tributaries, the remainder being discharged directly to the estuary. An outline is given of the methods that would be used to determine the treatability of industrial effluents which were rendered acceptable for discharge into public sewers.

scholarly journals Adsorptive Removal of Copper Ions from Polluted Water Using Sorbents Derived from Cordia dichotoma, Albizia thompsonii and Polyalthia cerasoides Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 2653-2659
Author(s):  
Tumma Prasanna Kumar Reddy ◽  
Sayana Veerababu ◽  
Malireddy Venkata Sai Mohan Reddy ◽  
Kunta Ravindhranath
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Liquid Interface ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Direct Applicability

Three different activated carbons as effective adsorbents were prepared by digesting the stems of Cordia dichotoma, Albizia thompsonii and Polyalthia cerasoides plants in conc. H2SO4 for Cu2+ removal from wastewater. The sorption natures of these sorbents are optimized with respect to various physico-chemical characteristics for the maximum Cu2+ removal using simulated waters. Cordia dichotoma (CDAC), Albizia thompsonii (ATAC) and Polyalthia cerasoides (PCAC) activated carbons show good sorption capacities of values: 97.0, 76.8 and 66.7 mg/g, respectively in a wide pH ranges. Unlike that of other two activated carbons, Cordia dichotoma activated carbon is effective even in acid conditions, indicting its direct applicability to Cu-based industrial effluents which are generally acidic in nature. Interference of two fold excess of co-ions is minimal. The established extraction conditions for the removal of more than 95.0% from 10 ppm Cu2+ solution at room temperature (303 K) using CDAC as sorbent are: pH: 3-9; time of equilibration: 1 h; sorbent dosage: 0.100 g/100 mL; with ATAC: pH: 6-9; time of equilibration: 1.5 h and sorbent dosage: 0.125 g/100 mL; and with PCAC: pH: 6-9; time of equilibration: 2.0 h and sorbent dosage 0.50 g/100 mL. Spent adsorbents can be regenerated and reused until four cycles with minimal loss of adoption capacities. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the sorption is spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Further, the ΔH value for CDAC is 30.156 KJ/mol; it indicates the strong chemisorption and may be through reduction to Cu+/Cu and/or complex formation between Cu2+ and functional groups of the adsorbent. The ΔH values of other two activated carbons, ATAC and PCAC, indicated that the sorption is mainly physical with strong inclination towards chemical nature. Positive ΔS values of all the three sorbents, emphasizes the disorder or randomness at the solid-liquid interface and hence favourable conditions for more penetration of Cu2+ into the surface layers of the adsorbent and hence, more removal of Cu2+ ions. The negative ΔG values indicate that the sorption forces are good enough to cross the potential barrier at the solid-liquid interface and hence the process is spontaneous. The prepared three activated carbons were also successfully applied to industrial effluent and polluted lake samples.

scholarly journals One-Point Cellulose Adsorbents for Water Purification

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 01-15
Author(s):  
Yakubu AZEH ◽  
Yohanna Bello Paiko ◽  
Gimba Alfred
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Fixed Bed Column ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Biological Contaminants ◽  
Wastewater Quality

The protection of our environment from pollution by various industrial wastewater discharges is of great importance that each Industry treats its effluent to meet acceptable limit/design means to reclaim water from industrial effluents for re-use. The study aimed at reclaiming water from wastewater by assessing the performance of two cellulose adsorbents using the fixed-bed column method to treat pharmaceutical/metal wastewater. The study was carried out by determining the physico-chemical and microbiological parameters of wastewater quality before and after treatment using fixed-bed column. Effluent samples were collected and analyzed according to standard methods. The range of percentage reduction in pollution load with respect to treatment time: 30, 120, 360 and 1440 min was 45-52%, 55-64%, 31-43, 25- 45%, 41- 44%, 55-73%, 48- 51%, 48-54%, 56-71% 13-31%, 45-52%, 47-67% from the metal effluent using nanocellulose adsorbent while 14-24%, 18-23%, 4-10%, 28-46%, 16-20%, 24-42%, 14-32%, 42-57%, 32-52%, 36-47%, 37-56%, 8-53% from the pharmaceutical effluent using oxidized cellulose adsorbent for colour, turbidity, conductivity, total hardness, Nitrite, Phosphate, Ammonia, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, total solids, total suspended solids and total dissolved solids respectively. Up to 99.9 % was achieved by the adsorbents in the removal of biological contaminants. The study concluded that the celluloses adsorbents showed promising potentials as one-point adsorbent that can be used for water reclamation from wastewater by its ability to remediate both physico-chemical and bacteriological contaminants.

scholarly journals Remediation of Oil and Gas Sewage Effluents Using Physical Treatments

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Mohd Najib Razali ◽  
Amira Ermafiqka Anuar ◽  
Musfafikri Musa ◽  
Najmuddin Mohd Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Wastewater Sample ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Mechanical Assistance

The industrial effluents from the oil and gas industry contain harmful contaminants that bring detrimental effects to the aquatic life and human population. The primary concerns are the high value of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), turbidity and heavy metal content such as ferum and copper in the effluents, which did not comply with the Environmental Quality Act (1974) Industrial Effluent (Regulations) 2009 of Malaysian Department of Environment (DOE). This research aims to study the efficiency of natural bio-coagulants in treating the industrial effluent from the oil and gas industry. The industrial effluent sample was treated by using two natural biocoagulants F.A and F.B and three commercial treatment agents (bio-solvent, alum, and poly aluminium chloride (PAC)). Different beakers consisting of 7.5 wt% of each agent were added into 1.5 L of wastewater sample and left for a week without mechanical assistance. For the second stage, only F.A and alum were used during the experiment. By using five different weight percentages: 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, 10.0%, and 12.5%, the treatment agents were added into 100 ml of wastewater and left for a week without any mechanical assistance. Then, the samples were analyzed for each of the five parameters. The results showed F.A is the best agent in COD treatment, with 41% reduction; followed by alum with 36%, PAC with 26% and bio-solvent with 22% reduction, respectively. The obtained results also showed that F.A and alum are at optimum performances at 7.5 wt%. The F.A and alum efficiency are deteriorating when the dosage is below and above 7.5 wt%.

scholarly journals Spatial and Monthly Changes in Interstitial Water Physico-Chemistry of Bodo Creek

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
D. K. Nkeeh ◽  
A. I. Hart ◽  
E. S. Erondu ◽  
N. Zabbey
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Level

Water plays a key role in the survival, growth and reproduction of aquatic organisms. Therefore maintaining good quality of water physico-chemical parameters would ensure optimum productivity of aquatic fauna. The study evaluated water physical and chemical parameters (temperature, hydrogen ion concentration (pH), conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of Bodo Creek. Sample was collected for 5 months (July 2020 – November 2020) at locations previously studied (before-spill baseline studies, 3 years, 5 years, and 7 years after-spill); by using the sampling methods used in previous studies. Spatially, there was no statistically significant difference in temperature (p > 0.05 = 0.997), pH (p > 0.05 = 0.496), DO (p > 0.05= 0.34) and BOD (p > 0.05 = 0.644). However, the difference in conductivity between the stations was statistically significant (p < 0.05 = 0.006). On monthly basis, there was a significant difference in temperature (p < 0.05 = 0.000) and pH (p < 0.05 = 0.005). In contrast, there was no statistically significant difference in conductivity (p > 0.05 = 0.633), DO (p > 0.05 = 0.559) and BOD (p > 0.05 = 0.75). Most of the physico-chemical parameters were not within the WHO recommended levels for the survival of aquatic lives, indicating a high level of environmental pollution in Bodo Creek. This study provides dataset for future evaluation of the water physico-chemistry of Bodo Creek.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical parameters of Itahari sub-metropolitan fish pond, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
Ganesh Bahadur Thapa ◽  
Joydeb Pal
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Dissolved Carbon ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Dissolved Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Aquatic Flora

Itahari Sub-metropolitan pond is located in the centre of the city. Influence of variations in physico-chemical parameters on aquatic flora and fauna especially in fishes brought strong stress on fishes and increases the incidence of diseases leading to high mortality. Due to lack of adequate knowledge about it, productivity of ponds is very low. In the present study, maximum and minimum variations and correlation between different physico-chemical parameters - air temperature, water temperature, pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids, dissolved carbon dioxide, ammonia, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, chloride, total alkalinity, total hardness and phosphate were taken into consideration. The water quality of fish ponds were normal except high fluctuation of chloride 4.0 - 44.87mg/l and ammonia 0.48-13.6 mg/l during manuaring period and casual addition of wastes like toilet cleaners, caustic potash etc.. Due to sudden fall in DO less than 4 mg/l during April and May, 2014 and increment of ammonia after addition of toilet wastes in Sept.19, 2015 ; mass mortality of fishes Labeo rohita, Cirrhina mrigala, Hypothalamichthys molitrix, Aristichthysnobilis occurred in the study site.

scholarly journals Water Chemistry of Kolong River, Assam, India and Management Strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 7567-7572 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Central Pollution Control Board

Kolong river which is located in Nagaon district of Assam, India is among the 275 most polluted rivers in India, according to a report of the Central Pollution Control Board, Government of India. The rise in pollution with respect to rivers over the last few decades due to their incredible importance in several human uses as well as a medium for provision of ecosystem services all over the world. The present investigation was carried out for a period of four seasons, namely, Pre-monsoon, Monsoon, Retreating Monsoon and Winter for the year 2017. Samples of water from two sites of the River Kolong, namely, Site I (Jakhalabandha) and Site II (Nagaon Town), were collected and analysed. The physico-chemical parameters such as water temperature, pH, Conductivity, Alkalinity, Transparency, Hardness, Chloride, Magnesium, Phosphate, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) were evaluated. Observations imply that the water quality in Site II was poor and unfit for drinking, compared to Site I. The present study also includes a discussion on the economic implications of Kolong’s water quality and the strategies for its management. The study finally emphasizes that state intervention and people’s participation is essential for maintaining and preserving the ecological health of the Kolong river in its pristine state.

scholarly journals Effect of Distillery Effluent on Some Agricultural Crops, A Case of Environmental Injustice to Local Farmers in Khajura VDC, Banke

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 68-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Ale ◽  
PK Jha ◽  
N Belbase
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Distillery Effluent ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Environmental Injustice ◽  
Physico Chemical

Effluent discharged from the Karnali distillery Pvt. Ltd was analyzed to measure its effect on agricultural crops and environmental justice to the concerned people. Physico-chemical parameters like pH, temperature, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Particles (TSS), Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K) and some heavy metals such as Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), and Copper (Cu) were analyzed and found most of the physico-chemical parameters were above the toxic level set by Nepal Bureau Standard. The analysis of physico-chemical parameters of the soil irrigated with effluent polluted water revealed appreciable increase in the soil nutrients (Organic Matter, N, P, K) along with the increase of toxic heavy metals such as Fe, Cd, Mn and Pb in the soil which has decreased annual crop productivity by around 40 percent. Similarly the effect of the effluent on seed germination, seedling growth, fresh weight and dry weight of seedlings of two test crops (Oryza sativa and Triticum aestivum) were also analyzed and found the effect varied in different concentration of treatment. Higher concentrations (10%, 25%) were found completely inhibitory where as lower concentrations (1%, 5%) were found stimulatory and reached up to the level of control. The present study showed that the distillery effluent was highly loaded with organic pollutants along with harmful heavy metals which showed significant effect on soil quality and the crop productivity which caused environmental injustice to the local people in terms of loss of crop productivity and environmental hazards. Key words: Heavy metals; Effluent; Pollution; Soil chemistry; Environmental justice. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v6i6.2637 Scientific World, Vol. 6, No. 6, July 2008 68-75

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