The influence of lifestyle on consumer behavior and decision making in research aimed at protein bars

10.5219/1231 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 318-327
Author(s):  
Andrej Géci ◽  
Alexandra Krivošíková ◽  
Ľudmila Nagyová ◽  
Dagmar Cagáňová
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Food Commodity

We live in an era when all circumstances on the market are changing rapidly, which leads consumers (even, if they are not aware of it) to certain behaviour that affects their daily activities. Lifestyle can be described as someone's way of living or the things that a person or a particular group of people usually do. It is included among the modern elements of consumer behaviour and also affects an individual´s decision-making process. The concerns over obesity and dangerous food ingredients have prompted a “healthy lifestyle” to become the latest trend in marketing. Therefore, the regular exercising, the reduction of stress, drinking enough water, and eating nutritious food takes on its importance. The main objective of the paper is to assess the consumer behaviour on the market of a selected food commodity. For this purpose, protein bars, which are part of diet not only of athletes but also of ordinary consumers, have been chosen. To achieve this main goal, a questionnaire was designed and data were collected from the respondents of the different age groups in the Slovak Republic. Based on the primary results, the authors of the paper can claim that more than 60% of the respondents try intentionally to choose better options of food as they want to live healthy. For a deeper analysis, the assumptions were formulated and subsequently verified by the Pearson Chi-square test of independence and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The paper provides useful information on consumer behaviour that can help not only producers and retailers but also to consumers themselves.

scholarly journals Decision-making process of tomatoes purchase by generation Z: case study in the Slovak Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-78
Author(s):  
Michaela Šugrova ◽  
Marek Plachy ◽  
Ľudmila Nagyova ◽  
Jozef Šumichrast
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Scientific Hypotheses

The paper aims to investigate and assess the decision-making process of young Slovak consumers – generation Z – in the purchase of tomatoes. The respondents participatet in a questionnaire survey and blind testing of four tomato samples (two samples were Slovak and another two were foreign tomatoes). For a deeper analysis of the collected data, five scientific hypotheses were formulated. The accuracy of provided hypotheses was verified using the following mathematical-statistical methods: Chi-Square test of independence, Mann-Whitney U-test, and as Chi test for equality of proportions between two samples. The research results show that generation Z buys tomatoes once a week or several times a month. Moreover, it was found out that most young consumers are mostly influenced by freshness, taste, quality of tomatoes, and general appearance, the least by packaging, brand/specific tomato grower, information on the packaging and references. According to all observed attributes within the blind testing of tomato by the respondents, the best-evaluated sample was the Slovak sample of tomatoes – the sample B. Subsequently, all respondents were provided with information about the tested tomatoes, and it can be stated that they would also actually buy Slovak sample B in the store. Finally, one can state that the higher price of this sample has no significant impact on the respondents of generation Z.

scholarly journals Responsible Decision making for Sustainable Motivation

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Blašková ◽  
Irena Figurska ◽  
Ruta Adamoniene ◽  
Kristína Poláčková ◽  
Rudolf Blaško
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Organizational Sustainability ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Empirical Point ◽  
Level Of Significance

This article examines motivation and the quality of decision making’s effect on motivation as important preconditions for organizational sustainability. The article is focused on an examination of the content and intensity of perceived motivation, and the forms of decisions that were made while motivating people. Motivation (from a theoretical and empirical point of view) is related to crucial processes of human potential development and motivation. The analysis, synthesis and generalization of knowledge related to sustainability, motivation and decision making in human potential motivation are presented in the theoretical part of the article. The empirical part presents the results of sociological questionnaire, focusing on the area of decision making in motivation that was carried out on sample of respondents in the Slovak Republic (n = 500), Poland (n = 390) and Lithuania (n = 226). The results confirm a strong correlation between the level of the motivation and the quality of key processes of development of human potential (leadership, appraisal, communication, and the creation of an atmosphere of trust). In all examined countries and processes, the calculated values of the chi-square test were significantly higher than the table value (level of significance = 0.05). The section describing the results contains a proposed content-componential model of decision making in affecting and building sustainable motivation.

scholarly journals Consumer behaviour of young generation in slovakia towards cocoa-enriched honey

10.5219/1013 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Šedík ◽  
Elena Horská ◽  
Eva Ivanišová ◽  
Miroslava Kačániová ◽  
Andrzej Krasnodębski
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Healthy Foods ◽  
Product Positioning ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square Test

The new trend of healthy lifestyle increases consumers´ attention towards superfoods or functional food. Due to this fact, honey enriched with various healthy foods such as cocoa, cinnamon, ginger or dried fruits has started to appear on the European market. The aim of this research paper was to investigate consumer´s perception and preferences for cocoa-enriched honey. Consumer research was based on questionnaire survey extended by product testing. This survey was conducted in 2018 (February and March) and in total 257 young Slovak consumers between 18 - 30 years participated. Each respondent tested and evaluated sensory attributes of the product (taste, aroma, colour and texture) using a 5-point scale. Statistical analyses included Friedman test, Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher's Exact Test, Pearson Chi-square test and Cramer'V coefficient. Results showed that the cocoa-enriched honey was evaluated as tasty, aromatic, gently, delicious, special, with ideal sweetness and amount of cocoa. All sensory attributes were evaluated positively (2 - good). Females were more interested in the purchase of this product. Moreover, the product would be purchased mostly by respondents who consider it a healthier alternative to commercial chocolate spreads or by those who consider their eating habits healthy. Laboratory tests revealed that the antioxidant activity of the product was higher in comparison to normal honey. In conclusion, the obtained information could be used in product positioning, promotion and designing appropriate marketing strategy.

scholarly journals Sex Difference in Access to Sports: A 1-Year Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-112
Author(s):  
Milena Nasi ◽  
Roberta D’alisera ◽  
Andrea Cossarizza ◽  
Emanuele Guerra ◽  
Gustavo Savino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Medical Certificate ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Difference

Purpose. Regular physical activity is a cornerstone in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease thanks to its anti-inflammatory effects. Thus, favoring the access to sports is of importance for promoting well-being. The aim of the present study was to investigate how the practice of different sports is distributed among different age groups and between men and women, by taking a picture of the medical certificate request in 2017 for sports in the population of the province of Modena, Italy. Methods. We analyzed the difference in distribution of requested medical certificate from 18 874 males and 7625 females stratified for age (<18 years, 18-40 years, and >40 years) and for different sporting disciplines (athletics, football, bike, swimming, basketball, volleyball, tennis, other team sports, other individual sports, and disabled sports). Results. Men requested medical certificates more than women (more than 2.5 times). The distribution of requested certificates differs significantly (chi-square test P < .0001) at different ages and between males and females of same age. Certificate for men aged less than 18 years were 7550 and for women were 4131 and the difference increase with age. Conclusions. In order to decrease the imbalance between men and women access to sports, it is mandatory to promote a healthy lifestyle and reduce, as consequence, cardiovascular risks, mostly in women after 40 years.

The Influence of Age and Gender on Mandibular Indices among the Libyan Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Libyan Population

Radiographic Mandibular Indices serve as easy and relatively cheap tools for evaluating bone mineralization. Objectives: To examine the effect of age and gender on three mandibular indices: the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), the mandibular ratio (MR) and the mandibular cortical index (MCI), among Libyan population. Methods: The three indices were measured on 317 digital (OPGs) of adult humans (155 males, 162 females). The sample was divided into six age groups (from 18-25 years through 56-65 years). The measurements were analyzed for interactions with age and sex, using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Studies) software version no. 22. The tests employed were two way ANOVA, the unpaired T-test and chi-square test. Results: The mean PMI fluctuated between 0.37 s.d. 0.012 and 0.38 s.d. 0.012. among the sixth age groups. One-way ANOVA statistical test revealed no significant of age on PMI. On the other hand gender variation has effect on PMI, since independent sample t-test disclosed that the difference between the male and female PMI means statistically significant. ANOVA test showed that the means of MR among age groups showed a negative correlation i.e. MR mean declined from 3.01 in 18-25 age groups to 2.7 in 55-65 age groups. In contrary, the gender showed no effect on MR according two sample t-test at p> 0.05. In regards with MCI, statistical analysis showed that it affected by age that is C1 was decreasing by age while C2 and C3 were increased by age. Using chi square test the result indicated that there is a significant difference among the different age group and the two genders in MCI readings. Conclusion: PMI was influenced significantly by age but minimally by the gender. MR is not affected by gender but has a negative correlation with age. MCI is affected by both age and gender

scholarly journals Changes in Six-Month Prevalence of Circulatory System Diseases among People Aged 20 Years and Older between 2013 and 2018 in Hunan, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2599
Author(s):  
Zhenzhen Rao ◽  
Junjie Hua ◽  
Ruotong Li ◽  
Yanhong Fu ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Circulatory System Diseases ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Recent changes in population-based prevalence for circulatory system diseases (CSDs) remain unreported either nationally or locally for China. Data were from the two-round health service household interview survey of Hunan Province, China, in 2013 and 2018. A Rao–Scott chi-square test was performed to examine prevalence differences across socio-demographic variables. The overall age-standardized prevalence of CSDs increased substantially between 2013 and 2018 for inhabitants aged 20 years and older (14.25% vs. 21.25%; adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.24–2.04). Hypertensive disease was the most prevalent type of CSD, accounting for 87.24% and 83.83% of all CSDs in 2013 and in 2018, respectively. After controlling for other socio-demographic factors, the prevalence of CSDs was significantly higher in 2018 (adjusted OR = 1.40), urban residents (adjusted OR = 1.43), females (adjusted OR = 1.12) and older age groups (adjusted OR = 5.36 for 50–59 years, 9.51 for 60–69 years, 15.19 for 70–79 years, and 12.90 for 80 years and older) than in 2013, rural residents, males and the youngest age group (20–49 years). The recent increase in the overall age-standardized CSD prevalence and the large prevalence disparities across urban/rural residents, sex and age groups merit the attention of policymakers and researchers. Further prevention efforts are needed to curb the increasing tendency and to reduce the prevalence of disparities across socio-demographic groups.

scholarly journals Relationship between oral habits and spirometry maneuvers, in children

Revista CEFAC ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Rafaela Coelho Minsky ◽  
Tayná Castilho ◽  
Roseane Rebelo Silva Meira ◽  
Tatiana Godoy Bobbio ◽  
Camila Isabel Santos Schivinski
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Children ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Oral Habits ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Thumb Sucking ◽  
Smirnov Test

ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze whether deleterious oral habits can influence the number of attempts of forced spirometry maneuvers performed by healthy children. Methods: this observational and cross-sectional analytical study included 149 healthy children aged 6-12 years attending public and private schools in Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. A validated protocol was applied for the analysis of deleterious oral habits. The children were grouped according to the number of spirometry maneuvers needed to achieve successful spirometry results, as follows: G1) children who needed 3 maneuvers; G2) 4 maneuvers; G3) 5-8 maneuvers. Data were analyzed with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to compare quantitative variables between the groups. The Chi-square test was used to assess the association between the groups and qualitative variables. Results: there was no association between the number of attempts and the qualitative variables evaluated by the protocol. There was also no difference between the groups regarding quantitative variables for breastfeeding time, breastfeeding occurrence, use of pacifiers, and thumb sucking. Conclusion: the presence of DOH did not influence the number of forced spirometry maneuvers, performed by the healthy children in this study.

The influence of varying maxillary central incisor vertical dimension on perceived smile aesthetics

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Elis Janaina Lira dos Santos ◽  
Alana Moura Xavier Dantas ◽  
Raíssa Marçal Vilela ◽  
Karina Jerônimo Rodrigues Santiago de Lima ◽  
Rejane Targino Soares Beltrão
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Central Incisor ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Maxillary Central Incisor ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objective: To evaluate patient perception of the smile focused on analysis of the upper incisors. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry at Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil. Participants: The sample consisted of 135 individuals (73 women and 62 men). Methods: Images with different characteristics associated with the incisal edges were shown at random and analysed using a Likert scale. Data were analysed using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test with a statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05). Results: Smile I (difference of 1.5 mm in relation to the central incisor and lateral) was considered the most aesthetic, while Smile III (no difference in height between the central and lateral incisors) was the least aesthetic. A significant difference was found between perception of smile II (difference of 1 mm in relation to the central incisor and lateral) and age groups ( P < 0.005), with 31% (n = 13) of individuals aged 45–64 years considering smile II as not pleasant, 4.4% (n = 2) aged 15–24 years and 8.3% (n=4) aged 25–44 years and 4.4% (n = 2) aged 15–24 years considering the same. A significant difference was also found in relation to educational background of the assessor and smile perception, with smile III ( P = 0.0441) and smile IV ( P = 0.0053) considered the most aesthetic ( P = 0.0116). Conclusion: The smile considered most attractive among the sample was that with 1.5 mm steepness between the central and lateral incisors, while a flat smile arc was considered least attractive.

scholarly journals Quality Label as the Guarantee of Top Quality Agricultural and Food Products Produced in Slovak Republic – a Case Study of Slovak Food Market

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1937-1950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrida Košičiarová ◽  
Ľudmila Nagyová ◽  
Mária Holienčinová ◽  
Jana Rybanská
Keyword(s):  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Quality Label ◽  
National Quality ◽  
Contingency Coefficient ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
High Level

The aim of the present paper was to determine the Slovak consumer’s opinion about the purchase and quality level of agricultural and food products produced in the Slovak Republic, as well as to determine their knowledge and preference of the National Quality Label “Značka kvality SK”. As research methods, there have been used the methods of survey and structured questionnaire consisting of 22 questions. The total number of respondents was 2.808 randomly selected respondents from all over the Slovak Republic. For a deeper analysis of the obtained results, there have been set out nine hypothesis, which have been tested with the use of Pearson’s chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, Mann-Whitney U-Test and Cramer’s contingency coefficient. The results of the present paper show, that the knowledge and preference of higher quality food is between Slovak consumers on a pretty high level – more than 44 % respondents think that they buy higher quality products, more than 49 % of respondents think that the agricultural and food products produced in Slovak Republic are rather higher and higher quality, more than 58 % of respondents know the Quality Label “Značka kvality SK”, over 56 % of respondents could describe its logo, more than 60 % of them could spontaneously name five brands, respectively products labelled with this Quality Label and almost 50 % of respondents buy also the ecological products.

scholarly journals Pola Pewarisan Karakter Umur Tanaman Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

Agrikultura ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anas Anas ◽  
Iman Lukmanul Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Inheritance Pattern ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Plant Breeding Program ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L ◽  
Smirnov Test

ABSTRACTInheritance Pattern of Maturity Character of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)Information on the inheritance pattern for the maturity characters in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) is important for plant breeding program of early maturity sorghum. Objective of this experiment was to evaluate genetic control of days to flowering and anthesis. Three series of crossing Unpad 1.1 x 2.24-1, Unpad 1.1 x 2.24-3 and BSS x 2.24 were grown in field experiment at Ciparanje experimental station, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, from July to December 2014. As much 1046 F2 seeds were planted in row plot. Normality of data was analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and inheritance pattern of data was analyzed by Chi Square test. The result showed that the distribution of days to flowering and anthesis was not normal distributed. Inheritance pattern of days to flowering and anthesis of Unpad 1.1 x 2.24-1, Unpad 1.1 x 2.24-3 and BSS x 2.24 tended to resemble Mendel’s inheritance pattern of 12:3:1 (epistasy dominant), and 13:3 (dominant-recessive epistasy).Keywords : Sorghum, Inheritance pattern, Maturity, Chi-squareABSTRAKInformasi mengenai pola pewarisan karakter-karakter umur tanaman sorgum sangat penting dalam program pemuliaan tanaman sorgum berumur genjah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kontrol genetik karakter umur berbunga dan umur anthesis. Tiga seri persilangan dari Unpad 1.1 x 2.24-1, Unpad 1.1 x 2.24-3 dan BSS x 2.24 ditanam di kebun percobaan Ciparanje Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Kecamatan Jatinangor, Kabupaten Sumedang, Jawa Barat. Percobaan dilaksanakan dari bulan Juli sampai Desember 2014. Sebanyak 1046 benih F2 ditanam dalam petak baris. Normalitas data dianalis dengan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov dan pola pewarisan data dianalisis dengan uji Khi Kuadrat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebaran fenotip karakter umur berbunga dan umur anthesis tidak berdistribusi normal. Pola pewarisan karakter umur berbunga dan umur anthesis pada genotipe hasil persilangan Unpad 1.1 x 2.24-1, Unpad 1.1 x 2.24-3 dan BSS x 2.24 cenderung menyerupai pola pewarisan nisbah Mendel 12:3:1 (epistasis dominan) dan 13:3 (epistasis dominan-resesif).Kata Kunci: Sorgum, Pola pewarisan, Umur tanaman, Khi Kuadrat

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