Prevalence of Diseases in Elderly Patients with Medication Related Problems

Introduction: The elderly population commonly known as geriatrics constitute nearly 21% of the world population. With the increasing age, the human body undergoes physiologic changes, leading to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic alterations, hence making this sector of the patients more prone to medication related problems. Medication related problems are any unwanted events or circumstances that occur during the drug therapy which has the potential to interfere with the desired goals of health outcomes. Methods: A community based observational study was conducted in different places of Dakshina Kannada district for a duration of 6 months by enrolment of 150 patients aged above 60 years of either sex diagnosed with any disease except for cancer and bed ridden patients. The data was collected with the help of patient interview forms and was analysed. Results: Out of the 150 patients, 107 patients were identified with medication related problems. The total number of identified medication related problems were 196. From this study it was found that the medication related problems were more prevalent in cardiovascular disorders and endocrine disorders. As hypertension and diabetes mellitus are the most common diseases found among the elderly, the risk factors for developing medication related problems in such patients include the need of additional drug therapy or adequate monitoring of the clinical outcomes. Conclusion: It was found that the geriatrics suffering from multiple co-morbidities, undergoes multiple drug therapies thereby leading to medication related problems. Hence in order to ensure optimum care, a targeted approach is essential. Keywords: Medication related problems, Geriatrics, Hepler-Strand classification.

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Age-friendly city: future perspectives for the Brazilian cities

Dementia & Neuropsychologia ◽

10.1590/1980-57642021dn15-030001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 295-298

Author(s):

Patricia de Oliveira Lopes ◽

Simone Rezende da Silva ◽

Tathianni Cristini da Silva ◽

Yara Dadalti Fragoso ◽

Angelina Zanesco

Keyword(s):

Elderly Population ◽

The Elderly ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Urban Spaces ◽

World Health ◽

World Population ◽

The World ◽

Two Cities ◽

History Of ◽

Health Organization

ABSTRACT The world population is aging fast and not all cities are prepared to cope with the needs of the elderly people. Cities need to develop strategies for senior citizens including the aspects of health, nutrition, consumer protection, housing, transportation, environment, social welfare, income, employment, safety, and education. The World Health Organization (WHO) created a program dedicated to older adults called the age-friendly city. This program is about creating the environment and opportunities that enable older people to be and do what they value throughout their lives. Most of the elderly population lives in urban spaces, and aging represents a challenge as well as opportunities to the cities all over the world. Recently, only 16 Brazilian cities have received the seal of international certification by meeting the requirements stipulated by the WHO. In the State of Sao Paulo, only two cities have been qualified for this seal. Therefore, the aims of this article are (a) to provide a brief history of this important initiative taken by the WHO and (b) to urge the decision-makers of Brazilian municipalities to develop effective initiatives for their cities to be prepared for this demographic modification.

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Distribution of depressive disorders in the elderly

Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice ◽

10.4103/0976-3147.71719 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 01 (02) ◽

pp. 067-073 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ankur Barua ◽

MK Ghosh ◽

N Kar ◽

MA Basilio

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Prevalence Rate ◽

Elderly Population ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

The Elderly ◽

Original Research ◽

Community Based ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

Chi Square ◽

The World

ABSTRACT Background: The community-based mental health studies have revealed that the point prevalence of depressive disorders in the elderly population of the world varies between 10% and 20% depending on cultural situations. Objective: To determine the median prevalence rates of depressive disorders in the elderly population of India and various other countries in the world. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study based on meta-analysis of various study reports. Setting: Community-based mental health surveys on geriatric depressive disorders conducted in the continents of Asia, Europe, Australia, North America, and South America. Study Period: All the studies that constituted the sample were conducted between 1955 and 2005. Sample Size: After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria on published and indexed articles, 74 original research studies that surveyed a total of 4,87,275 elderly individuals in the age group of 60 years and above, residing in various parts of the world were included for the fi nal analysis. Inclusion Criteria: The researchers had included only community-based cross-sectional surveys and some prospective studies that had not excluded depression on baseline. These studies were conducted on homogenous community of elderly population in the world, who were selected by simple random sampling technique. Exclusion Criteria: All the unpublished reports and unavailable or unanalyzed or inaccessible articles from the internet were excluded from the study. Statistical Analysis: The median prevalence rate and its corresponding interquartile range (IQR), Chi-square test, and Chi-square for Linear Trend were applied. A P value <0.05 was considered as statistically signifi cant. Results and Conclusion: The median prevalence rate of depressive disorders in the world for the elderly population was determined to be 10.3% [IQR = (4.7%–16.0%)]. The median prevalence rate of depression among the elderly Indian population was determined to be 21.9% [IQR = (11.6%–31.1%)]. Although there was a signifi cant decrease trend in world prevalence of geriatric depression, it was signifi cantly higher among Indians in recent years than the rest of the world.

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Identification of Different Class of Drugs causing Medication Related Problems in the Elderly Patients of Dakshina Kannada

International Journal of Research and Review ◽

10.52403/ijrr.20210888 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 668-672

Author(s):

Abhishek Pradhan ◽

Febin Benny ◽

A.R Shabaraya

Keyword(s):

Health Outcome ◽

Drug Therapy ◽

Elderly Patients ◽

Elderly and drugs: risks and necessity of rational use

Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1590/s1984-82502010000400003 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 617-632 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

André de Oliveira Baldoni ◽

Farah Maria Drumond Chequer ◽

Elisa Raquel Anastácio Ferraz ◽

Danielle Palma de Oliveira ◽

Leonardo Régis Leira Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Elderly Population ◽

Adverse Drug Events ◽

The Elderly ◽

External Factors ◽

Access To Information ◽

Inappropriate Use ◽

The World

In recent decades, the world has undergone a demographic transformation with a rapid growth of the elderly population, resulting in an increased demand for funds to maintain their health and drug consumption. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes occurring in the elderly can interfere directly in the adverse effects of drugs and increase the risk of intoxication. In addition, there are external factors interfering with the pharmacotherapy of the elderly, such as inappropriate use and the lack of access to information. Many therapeutic classes of drugs should be used with caution or avoided in the elderly population, such as anti-inflammatory and some anti-hypertensive drugs, diuretics and digitalis. If not managed carefully, these medicines can affect the safety and quality of life in the elderly. Thus, the aim of this review was to identify drugs that should be used with caution in elderly patients in order to avoid intoxication and/or adverse drug events.

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A study on health related risk factors and health seeking behavior among elderly population in rural Bangladesh

Mediscope ◽

10.3329/mediscope.v7i2.49445 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 75-81

Author(s):

Farhana Ferdaus ◽

Refat Zahan ◽

Md Abdur Rahman ◽

Shahin Chowdhury

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Elderly People ◽

Elderly Population ◽

Common Disease ◽

World Population ◽

Health Seeking ◽

Female Population ◽

Female Patients ◽

The World ◽

Health Related

Globally, 10% of the world population is elderly people and it is expected to increase to 21% in the year 2051. In the year 2002, the number of elderly people in the world was estimated to be 605 million, which is expected to rise to more than 1.2 billion by the year 2025. This crosssectional study was conducted to and out the health-related quality of life and risk factors among elderly population in the selected rural population of Shyamnagar Upazila of Satkhira District. Data was collected from both the male and female population, aged 60 years and above, during February to June 2018. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect data from 50 respondents by face to face interview with semi-structured questionnaire. In the study, the mean age of elderly was male 63 (±2.95) years, and female 61.8 (±2.04) years. Other socio-demographic factors among elderly were as follows: 20 (40%) of elderly were illiterate, 15 (30%) of elderly were doing business, 21 (42%) were doing farming. 40 (80%) of elderly were married. The study also reported the five most common disease co-morbidities for elderly which included: 71.43% male and 28.57% female had hypertension while 72.22% of male and 27.78% of female patients were already treated, 68.75% male and 31.25% female had diabetes mellitus and 100% of them were treated, 50% of male elderly and 50% of female elderly were suffering bone and joint pain/arthritis and 60% of them were received treatment, hearing impairment found among 100% of male while two-third of patients received treatment, one-third of female and two-third of male elderly suffered from poor vision; however, only one-third of female patients were treated. On the basis of these findings, it can be recommended that there is a need to develop geriatric health-care services. Mediscope Vol. 7, No. 2: July 2020, Page 75-81

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ROLE OF TRIVIDHA ROGAYATANA IN THE MANIFESTATION OF ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION W.S.R. TO PRAGYAPARADA - A CONCEPTUAL STUDY

November 2020 - International Ayurvedic Medical Journal ◽

10.46607/iamj2109082021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1733-1736

Author(s):

Ajay Kumar Nigwal ◽

Lajwanti Keswani ◽

Rajesh Kumar Malviya ◽

Arvind Kumar Yadav

Keyword(s):

Elderly Population ◽

Antihypertensive Drugs ◽

Adult Population ◽

The Elderly ◽

Elevated Blood ◽

The World ◽

Causes Of Disease ◽

Conceptual Study ◽

Day By Day

Cardiovascular disease such as hypertension will be the largest cause of death and disability in India by 2020. The prevalence of hypertension is increasing globally and currently, more than 1 billion people have hypertension. About 26.4% of the world adult population in 2000 had hypertension and 29.2% were projected to have this con- dition by 2025. Elevated blood pressure affects 1 billion individuals and causes an estimated 10.4 million deaths per year. Thus, hypertension is needed to be studied. Though a lot of potent antihypertensive drugs are available today none of them is free from untoward adverse effects. Especially the elderly population poorly tolerates these drugs. The global incidence of hypertension is increasing day by day and is a very common problem nowadays. Ayurveda has classified the causes of disease into three main categories: - 1. Asatmendriyartha Samyoga 2. Pragyaparada and 3. Parinama (Kaala), these three main causes of disease enable different kinds of diseases to manifest. Firstly, they lead to the imbalance of body /or mind by vitiation the Tridosha. The consequence of the imbalance is a disturbance of the basic biological principles. Hypertension is a lifestyle disorder. Ayurveda causes of lifestyle disorders are mainly Pragyaparada. Pragyaparadha is the main cause of all noncommunicable dis- eases (NCDs) such as diabetes, cancer, hypertension etc. Keywords: Asatmendriyartha, Pragyaparada, Parinama, Trividha Rogaayatanas, Hypertension.

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Characteristics of geriatric neurology patients treated at the central hospital of Sanglah Denpasar in 2019

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20200073 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 245

Author(s):

Stephanie Elizabeth Gunawan ◽

Anak Agung Ayu Putri Laksmidewi

Keyword(s):

Medical Records ◽

Elderly Population ◽

Neurological Diseases ◽

Head Injuries ◽

Elderly Person ◽

The Elderly ◽

World Health ◽

Central Hospital ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization

Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an elderly person is someone who has entered the age of 60 years and above whose percentage tends to increase along with decreasing morbidity of the elderly. Geriatric Neurology itself is the study of a group of neurological diseases in the elderly. Based on 2012 data, the proportion of elderly population in Indonesia is 7.59%. This is accompanied by an increase in the dependency ratio of the productive age population to the non-productive age population. The results of the 2013 Basic Health Research showed an increase in the prevalence of neurological disease in the elderly which was the main cause of death in 15 regencies in 2011. It is to find out the 5 most neurological diseases in the elderly, clinical characteristics and outcomes of geriatric neurology patients treated at the Central Hospital of Sanglah.Methods: It is a retrospective study using no control by looking at medical records in geriatric neurology patients aged 60 years and over who visited the Central Hospital of Sanglah in the March to May 2019 period.Results: A total of 200 patients consisted of 111 men (55.5%) and 89 women (44.5%) who were divided into 5 most geriatric neurology diseases which included 1. ischemic stroke, 2. bleeding stroke, 3. brain tumor, 4. injury head, and 5. epilepsy. The number of deaths was 16, of which 7 cases were caused by sepsis and pneumonia.Conclusions: Stroke, tumors, head injuries and epilepsy are the dominant neurological diseases found. The focus of care and supervision of elderly neurology patients is expected to be further enhanced to prevent side effects that will extend the patient’s treatment period in the hospital which will automatically increase the burden on the hospital itself.

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Inclusive Design: An Approach to Adapt Homes for the Elderly

10.53350/pjmhs211551599 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 1599-1603

Author(s):

Hossein Fallah ◽

Jalil Nazari ◽

Alireza Choobineh ◽

Mohammad Ali Morowatisharifabad ◽

Mohamad Asghari Jafarabadi

Keyword(s):

Older People ◽

Elderly People ◽

The Elderly ◽

Inclusive Design ◽

World Population ◽

Disabled People ◽

Homes For The Elderly ◽

The World ◽

The Disabled ◽

Current Design

The aging trend of the world population has increased the number of elderly people. Older people prefer to spend most of their time at home. The problem is that today's homes are often unsuitable for the elderly and the disabled. Thus, problems of the current design approaches, which are based on percentiles as well as the tendency to involve the elderly and disabled people in society, have put the concept of inclusive design into consideration. Application of new design approaches, such as inclusive design allows designers to design products and services to meet the needs of a larger group of users regardless of their age and ability. Given the rapid aging of the world population, more research is needed to design specific products and environments for elderly people. Keywords: Home design, Aging, Ergonomics, Adaptation

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The Elderly’s Demand for Community-Based Care Services and Its Determinants: A Comparison of the Elderly in the Affordable Housing Community and Commercial Housing Community of China

Journal of Healthcare Engineering ◽

10.1155/2020/1840543 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Tiantian Gu ◽

Dezhi Li ◽

Lingzhi Li

Keyword(s):

Affordable Housing ◽

The Elderly ◽

Policy Implications ◽

World Population ◽

Community Based ◽

Chi Square ◽

Care Services ◽

Nanjing City ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Commercial Housing

With the rapid aging of the world population, great pressure has been placed on the provision of community-based care in China. This paper aimed to compare the demand and its determinants for various community-based care services among the elderly in the affordable housing community (AHC) and commercial housing community (CHC) of China. Two community-based surveys were conducted separately in the AHC and CHC of Nanjing City, China. In total, 408 valid questionnaires were returned from the Daishan AHC while 8422 valid questionnaires were received from the CHCs. The chi square test indicated that the respondents in the AHC had significantly higher demands for five types of services (the meal-aid service, the cleaning-aid service, the bath-aid service, the rehabilitation therapy service, and the first-aid service) than those in the CHCs of Nanjing. Further, the Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test showed that factors influencing the elderly’s demands for these services varied across communities. Several policy implications could be obtained to improve the efficiency of community-based care provision.

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