scholarly journals Some current objectives and the main role of judicial psychology in modern society

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Petru Ostrovari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Psychology ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Judicial Process ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Human Aspects ◽  
Legal Psychology ◽  
Process Studies ◽  
Object Of Study

Legal psychology is an interdisciplinary field related to general psychology, social psychology and the science of law and is concerned with the issues of the human aspects of jurisprudence. The psychological nature of legal issues indicates the needs for and the importance of review theoretical and practical-applied objectives. The purpose of this article is to examine the classical objectives of legal psychology, to identify new objectives and to elucidate the main role of forensic psychology in modern society. The results obtained by the method of comprehensive analysis and narrative description indicate the importance of emphasizing the role of interdisciplinary investigations in forensic psychology adjusted to reality, identifying new paradigms and specific methodologies for studying behavior in the judicial process. Studies in forensic psychology that refer to the problems caused by the decisions of the judge or defendant and the identified solutions have extended to the psychology of consent, which indicates the need for epistemological and methodological updating of the object of study in legal psychology.

scholarly journals Historical stages in the formation of the scientific knowledge system in a theoretical and methodological context

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 96-107
Author(s):  
Leonid Griffen ◽  
Nadiia Ryzheva ◽  
Dmytro Nefodov ◽  
Lyudmila Hryashchevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The Social ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
History Of ◽  
Natural Result ◽  
Systemic Nature ◽  
Object Of Study

Current tendencies question the role of science in modern society, force returning to the processes of formation of the scientific paradigm. The latter was complex and nonlinear, and the formation of scientific principles of cognition was their natural result. Throughout human history, the knowledge about the objective world has been acquired and used in various, historically necessary forms – both in the methodology of cognition and in the method of systematisation, which was determined by the level of their accumulation. The accumulation of knowledge took place in different ways: in the process of direct practical activity, on the basis of supposedly “foreign” contemplation and as a result of conscious influence on an object of study (experiment) with their different “specific weight” at different historical stages. As for the systematisation, the need for which was determined by systemic nature of an object of knowledge and the social nature of knowledge, throughout the history of mankind its forms differed considerably, but, in the end, were reduced to three main ones. 

scholarly journals Self-determination of Siberian student youth in the modern cultural and historical situation

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
Vladimir I. Razumov ◽  
Nina D. Skosyreva
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Research Assessment ◽  
Management Culture ◽  
Active Subject ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
Object Of Study

The article is a response to the publication of A. V. Ivanov, Yu. V. Popkov “Spiritual and ecological civilizational perspective: the value potential of the value potential of young people in the Siberian context” (journal «Siberian socium», no. 1, 2021). The authors made an attempt to analyze the article devoted to an urgent problem — the identification of value orientations of modern youth in the context of a new civilizational transformation. During the discussion of the article, attention is focused on the analysis of the current situation in which the formation of youth is taking place; characterization of the historical challenge for the entire modern society and the specifics of the required response from young people. Particular attention is paid to the thesis of the article that youth will be the main subject of the civilizational transformation of Siberia. An assessment is given to the statement about the uniqueness of Siberia, taking into account the requirements of scientific rationality. The topic of the presence and preparedness of an active subject of mankind’s transition from a technogenic-consumer to a noospheric civilization is discussed. The sections of the research “Assessment of strategic guidelines of global civilizational development and the possibility of personal participation in it”, “Assessment of the role of Siberia and Siberians in the formation of the foundations of the spiritual and ecological development prospects” are analyzed. Revealing the characteristics of modern youth in the context of the Siberian future, the authors cite for comparison the results of their own research conducted in 2020 among students of the Omsk State Agrarian University, during which 1,600 respondents were interviewed. The urgency of the problem being analyzed is emphasized, the value of such studies is shown, on the basis of which project activities should unfold, a management culture of various processes that attract labor resources, and primarily young people, should be formed. The analysis of the article by A. V. Ivanov, Yu. V. Popkov led to the conviction that the potential of Siberian youth, provided it is adequately developed, will give a significant positive effect for the successful course of transformations in the Russian Federation and in the international context. There is an urgent issue of attracting young people to Siberia and ensuring their stay. In this sense, two perspectives of interest in Siberia are determined — this is a situation when Siberia becomes an object of study, Siberia can also be considered a territory where subjects are formed that are able to generate meanings of interest outside the region.

scholarly journals General Theoretical Provisions of Forensic Psychology

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
O. M. Tsilmak
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Forensic Psychology ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Innovative Teaching ◽  
Legal Psychology ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Court Proceedings ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Independent Branch

The author has emphasized on the need to provide higher education students with innovative teaching materials that would promote their comprehensive development and increase their competitiveness. It has been noted that forensic psychology is an independent branch of legal psychology that studies psychological patterns and mechanisms of the development of processes and phenomena that arise during the performance of judicial activity. It has been emphasized that forensic psychology, as well as every branch of legal psychology, has its own objective, task, object of study, subject matter of study and subjects of study. It has been stressed that the scientific and applied provisions of forensic psychology should be based on certain principles and provide an understanding of the whole spectrum of psychological peculiarities of judicial activity. The scientific novelty of the study is that: 1) the author for the first time: a) has defined the content of the objective, subjects of study, the object of study and the subject matter of study of forensic psychology; b) has specified the list of functions of scientific and applied provisions of forensic psychology (gnosiological, interpretative, explanatory, noteworthy, critical, practically applied, communicative, organizational, creative, perceptual, prognostic and synthesizing); and has considered their content; c) has distinguished the sections of forensic psychology (general theoretical provisions of forensic psychology, psychological peculiarities of judicial activity, psychological characteristics of a judge’s personality, psychological characteristics of the participants in court proceedings) in accordance with the directions of the subject of study, and the tasks are specified for each of them; 2) has improved the content of the concept of “forensic psychology”; 3) the principles of scientific and applied provisions of forensic psychology (legality, integrity, complexity, comprehensiveness, objectivity, consistency, systematicity, concreteness, determinism and flexibility) and their content have been further developed. Everything will contribute to the systematization, specification, refinement and development of the main scientific and applied, general theoretical provisions of forensic psychology as an independent branch of legal psychology.

scholarly journals All Roads Lead to Homosociality: The Role of Chivalry in Medieval and Modern Society

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Grace Margaret McDougall
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Gender Dynamics ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Societal Dynamics

This paper examines the role of chivalry in two of Marie de France’s lais, Guigemar and Bisclavret. One of the most studied authors of the Medieval period, Marie de France’s works reveal the values, anxieties, and societal dynamics of her time by both adhering to and pushing against literary norms. Guigemar and Bisclavret present near-perfect examples of knighthood, save for two flaws: Guigemar has no love for women, and Bisclavret is a werewolf. The treatment of these knights and their peculiarities reveals the strict expectations of masculinity and the risks of breaking from them. I pay particular attention to the importance of humility in chivalric masculinity and the ways in which their peculiarities affect their relationships, particularly with other men. When placed in conversation, these stories show that the main role of chivalry was to secure the relationships between men that formed the basis of Medieval society and that, for this reason, humility was one of the most important chivalric values. I argue that understanding the cultural history of chivalry is important for modern audiences because the concept of chivalry is still used by many groups to legitimize and promote their interests and continues to shape our perceptions of masculinity and gender dynamics. While what we think of chivalry has changed greatly since Marie de France’s time, the ends of chivalry remain the same—to promote the interests of those in positions of power.

Role of spectrin in membrane fusion and in shape change of human erythrocyte ghost

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
Hideo Hayashi ◽  
Yoshikazu Hirai ◽  
John T. Penniston
Keyword(s):  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Human Erythrocyte ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Slight Modification ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Bank Blood ◽  
Human Erythrocyte Ghost

Spectrin is a membrane associated protein most of which properties have been tentatively elucidated. A main role of the protein has been assumed to give a supporting structure to inside of the membrane. As reported previously, however, the isolated spectrin molecule underwent self assemble to form such as fibrous, meshwork, dispersed or aggregated arrangements depending upon the buffer suspended and was suggested to play an active role in the membrane conformational changes. In this study, the role of spectrin and actin was examined in terms of the molecular arrangements on the erythrocyte membrane surface with correlation to the functional states of the ghosts.Human erythrocyte ghosts were prepared from either freshly drawn or stocked bank blood by the method of Dodge et al with a slight modification as described before. Anti-spectrin antibody was raised against rabbit by injection of purified spectrin and partially purified.

Mesophyll conductance: the leaf corridors for photosynthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Gago ◽  
Danilo M. Daloso ◽  
Marc Carriquí ◽  
Miquel Nadal ◽  
Melanie Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Mesophyll Conductance ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Change Framework ◽  
Chloroplast Stroma

Besides stomata, the photosynthetic CO2 pathway also involves the transport of CO2 from the sub-stomatal air spaces inside to the carboxylation sites in the chloroplast stroma, where Rubisco is located. This pathway is far to be a simple and direct way, formed by series of consecutive barriers that the CO2 should cross to be finally assimilated in photosynthesis, known as the mesophyll conductance (gm). Therefore, the gm reflects the pathway through different air, water and biophysical barriers within the leaf tissues and cell structures. Currently, it is known that gm can impose the same level of limitation (or even higher depending of the conditions) to photosynthesis than the wider known stomata or biochemistry. In this mini-review, we are focused on each of the gm determinants to summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms driving gm from anatomical to metabolic and biochemical perspectives. Special attention deserve the latest studies demonstrating the importance of the molecular mechanisms driving anatomical traits as cell wall and the chloroplast surface exposed to the mesophyll airspaces (Sc/S) that significantly constrain gm. However, even considering these recent discoveries, still is poorly understood the mechanisms about signaling pathways linking the environment a/biotic stressors with gm responses. Thus, considering the main role of gm as a major driver of the CO2 availability at the carboxylation sites, future studies into these aspects will help us to understand photosynthesis responses in a global change framework.

Michael Kelly, Hilary Footitt, Myriam Salama-Carr (eds.): The Palgrave Handbook of Languages and Conflict

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ľubomír Zvada
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Speakers Of Other Languages ◽  
War And Conflict ◽  
Almost All

This Handbook maps the contours of an exciting and burgeoning interdisciplinary field concerned with the role of language and languages in situations of conflict. It explores conceptual approaches, sources of information that are available, and the institutions and actors that mediate language encounters. It examines case studies of the role that languages have played in specific conflicts, from colonial times through to the Middle East and Africa today. The contributors provide vibrant evidence to challenge the monolingual assumptions that have affected traditional views of war and conflict. They show that languages are woven into every aspect of the making of war and peace, and demonstrate how language shapes public policy and military strategy, setting frameworks and expectations. The Handbook's 22 chapters powerfully illustrate how the encounter between languages is integral to almost all conflicts, to every phase of military operations and to the lived experiences of those on the ground, who meet, work and fight with speakers of other languages. This comprehensive work will appeal to scholars from across the disciplines of linguistics, translation studies, history, and international relations; and provide fresh insights for a broad range of practitioners interested in understanding the role and implications of foreign languages in war.

MEDIA AND MODERNITY: THE ROLE OF THE PRINTING PRESS IN THE MODERNIZATION OF WESTERN SOCIETY

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-301
Author(s):  
Yuyun Sunesti
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Western Society ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Information Media ◽  
Printing Method ◽  
Important Milestone

One of the influential factors in the formation of modern society in the Westernworld and subsequently spread to over the world has been the discovery of printing presswhich can be found in the form of printing method, printing company and print media.Since it was firstly used by Gutenberg in about 15th century AD, information which waspreviously delivered through oral medium with a limited audience, then through a methodof printing can be reproduced in large quantities and can be read by more audience, acrossdistance and time. Printing method which encourages the emergence of large printingcompanies and then print media has contributed in transforming modern cultural life ofsociety.In addition, the advent of the printing industries which has transformed intotransnational corporations as well as the emergence of journals and regular newspapersalso contributes significantly in raising public spaces as a medium for discussion andcritical thinking amidst society. Ultimately, this information media transformation brings achange in the state system which is more open and leads to the emergence of ideas ofnationalism which becomes an important milestone in transforming traditional societiesinto modern societies.

Significance and Role of Athletes in Ethical Education of Youth

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-74
Author(s):  
Ivana Markov Čikić ◽  
Aleksandar Ivanovski
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Ethical Education ◽  
Open Issue ◽  
Clear Identification ◽  
Relationship Of

Summary One cannot write about the relationship of young people and current sports stars in modern society without having previously studied the processes of mediation and globalisation of sport, and the transformation of traditional social values. The goal of the science and practice engaged in sports and education of young people is a constant quest for preserving universal ethical values and reconciling them with the modern-day social processes. This paper will present the result of a survey conducted with adolescents in five different Serbian cities in order to find the answer to the question if sportspersons were their favourite television role-models. According to the results of our survey, 45% of adolescents do not have a favourite TV personality and do not know for sure who that could be. Novak Đoković, who would be the choice of adults for a role model of the young, with 63.2% according to the survey conducted by the Ministry of Youth and Sports, scored 3.81% in our survey with adolescents who would chose Novak Đoković as their favourite TV personality. The necessity of raising media literacy of young people with the aim of clear identification of sports role models who are going to improve their quality of life still remains an open issue for further research on this course.

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