scholarly journals فقہ اسلامی میں بیع سلم کاتصور اورمروجہ اسلامی مالیاتی نظام میں بیع سلم کے استعمال سے متعلق اشکالات:ایک فقہی مطالعہ

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abubakar Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Financial Innovations ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Future Date

The sharī‘ah invalidates the sale of non-existing items, but salam sale was exceptionally permitted to avoid interest-based financing in commercial as well as non-commercial transactions. Salam sale is an Islamic forward sale contract, which authorizes selling something that is not present during the time of the contract. Salam is a sale agreement whereby the seller receives full price in advance and goods are delivered at a future date. Moreover, it is free from uncertainties and exploitation that is usually involved in interest-based financing. Besides the agriculture sector, currently, this instrument is also being used in the manufacturing sector where the manufacturer would need financing to produce products and/or to buy raw materials. Modern financial innovations introduced different uses of salam sale such as parallel salam, currency salam, salam sukūk etc. There are different fiqh issues related to such uses of salam in modern financial sectors. This article elaborates on the economic importance and conditions that are necessary and sufficient to makethe contract valid from the perspective of the sharī‘ahand also appraises some of the key issues related to modern practices regarding salam.

Australia—The Hidden Jewel

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh K. Joshi ◽  
J.R. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dutch Disease

The twenty-first century is being touted as the Asian century. With its stable economy, good governance, education system, and above all the abundant natural resources, will Australia to take its place in the global economy by becoming more entrepreneurial and accelerating its rate of growth, or will it get infected with the so-called Dutch disease? It has been successful in managing trade ties with fast-developing economies like China and India as well as developed countries like the United States. It has participated in the growth of China by providing iron ore and coal. Because it is a low-risk country, it has enabled inflow of large foreign capital investments. A lot will depend on its capability and willingness to invest the capital available in entrepreneurial ventures, its ability to capture the full value chain of natural resources, and to export the finished products instead of raw materials, while building a robust manufacturing sector.

A true gift of mother earth: the use and significance of obsidian at Çatalhöyük

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristan Carter
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Raw Material Variability ◽  
Mother Earth

AbstractThis paper reviews 50 years of obsidian studies at Neolithic Çatalhöyük in the Konya plain, central Anatolia. A number of key issues are addressed: (1) the source of the site's raw materials, the means and forms by which the obsidian was introduced to the site and the role of Çatalhöyük in the supra-regional dissemination of these raw materials; (2) the alleged gender associations of certain obsidian goods in the burial record and beyond; (3) a more general consideration of the social significance of the circulation and consumption of obsidian at the site, including the phenomena of hoarding and gifting, plus the important role of projectiles in the creation of social identities and various forms of ritual behaviour, not least the termination of the life of a building/individual; (4) the technotypological and raw material variability through time; (5) the use of obsidian in daily practice and craft-working.

scholarly journals Understanding the Future Impacts of Electric Vehicles—An Analysis of Multiple Factors That Influence the Market

Vehicles ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-871
Author(s):  
Jonathan Wellings ◽  
David Greenwood ◽  
Stuart R. Coles
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vehicle Market

The electric vehicle market is an increasingly important aspect of the automotive industry. However, as a relatively new technology, several issues remain present within the industry. An analysis is utilised to examine these issues, along with how they affect the industry and how they can be tackled. Several key issues that affect the electric vehicle market, as well as how efforts to address these issues influence the market, are identified. The analysis also includes the examination of ethical issues, with the issues that arise from the production of raw materials for electric vehicles. The analysis and examination of ethical issues display a wide range of problems in the industry. However, it did highlight the efforts being made to lessen the effect of these problems by various groups, such as regulation by EU and US governing bodies on the materials mined. From this analysis, this paper identifies that many of the other factors examined are directly or indirectly influenced by political and economic factors, also examined in this review. This highlights the impact that governing bodies and businesses have on a vast number of issues that are present within the market and how they can resolve the harmful factors examined.

scholarly journals Agriculture Sector Credit and Output Relationship in Nepal

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-53
Author(s):  
Arjun Kumar Dahal ◽  
Khagendra Kumar Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find out the condition of priority of commercial banks to provide loans to the agricultural sector and to find the relationship and impact of agricultural loans to the agricultural GDP of Nepal. Objectives: This study aims to compare the condition of loan disbursements in agricultural and manufacturing sectors. It further aims to compare loan percent with growth and contribution to the GDP of the agricultural and industrial sectors and tries to show the impact of agricultural loans to the agricultural GDP of Nepal. Methods: It was based on a descriptive and analytical research design. Statistical tools standard deviation, correlation, regression, etc. are used and Excel, and EViews software are used for the statistical calculations. Statistical calculations and graphs are simultaneously used to show and compare the condition of variables. Results: Commercial banks give higher priority to the manufacturing sector for loans than the agricultural sector. The Johansen Co-integration test indicates no long-run relationship between loans of commercial banks and agricultural output in Nepal. However, the least-squares method, it indicates that a positive causal relationship between agricultural loans and agricultural growth. Implications: The loans of commercial banks directly stimulate the growth of agriculture but the amount of growth is less noticeable. Thus, it is concluded that the commercial bank's loan alone cannot affect and control the growth of the agricultural sector of the Nepalese economy therefore the government should increase its expenditure on the agricultural sector.

scholarly journals The Evolution of the Key Sectors in the Philippine Economy Using an AHP-Based Sector Prioritization Index

Economies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Daryn Joy Go ◽  
Michael Angelo Promentilla ◽  
Kathleen Aviso ◽  
Krista Danielle Yu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Key Sectors

Economic sectors play a vital role in ensuring that government’s goals are achieved. This study analyzes the evolution of the structure and key sectors of an economy through the use of a sector prioritization index. This methodology integrates input-output analysis and analytic hierarchy process to determine the structural changes experienced by the economy, while accounting for the changes in the government’s priorities and concerns over time. Using the case of the Philippines from 1969 to 2012, this study shows a time-series analysis of the transformation that the economy underwent alongside with the government’s prioritization mechanism. We found that the manufacturing sector had consistently received high-priority rankings, while the agriculture sector had recently moved from a high- to mid-priority ranking, indicating the country’s shift towards a more industry-driven economy. These findings were supported by the private services and trade sectors’ high-priority rankings towards the latter half of the time period. Overall, our methodology was able to identify key sectors that reflect the country’s economic and political situation across different eras.

Microbial Oil Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass – Recent Development and Prospect

2014 ◽  
Vol 541-542 ◽  
pp. 397-403
Author(s):  
Zhang Nan Lin ◽  
Hong Juan Liu ◽  
Zhi Qin Wang ◽  
Jia Nan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Microbial Oil ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Application Potential

Microbial oil is one of the ideal raw materials for biodiesel production because of its rapid reproduction and less influence by the climate and season variation. However, the high cost is one of the key issues that restricted its production in a large-scale. Lignocellulosic biomass, the cheap and renewable resource, might be the best raw material for microbial oil production by oleaginous microorganisms. Recent development on the microbial oil production from lignocellulosic biomass was summarized in this paper. Furthermore, the challenges and application potential of microbial oil were prospected.

scholarly journals Efficiency in Value Added Tax in Sub-National Governments in India: An Empirical Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asit Ranjan Mohanty ◽  
Suresh Kumar Patra ◽  
Satyendra Kumar .
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Bank Credit ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
The Government

The present study attempts to analyse whether the VAT efficiency has improved after its implementation. Further, we examine the major determinants of VAT efficiency for 17 non-special category Indian states for the period 2000-01 to 2014-15. Using random effect model (as suggested by Hausman test), the urbanization ratio, billing and collection efficiency, bank credit ratio and share of agriculture sector are found to have a favourable effect on VAT efficiency while the share of the unregistered manufacturing sector and share of services sector have an adverse impact on VAT efficiency. Besides, the study also reveals that tax efficiency has come down in the aftermath of the implementation of the VAT in India. As regards policy implication, initiatives by the government for the high level of urbanization, raising billing and collection efficiency, providing more bank credit and encouraging agricultural activities would enhance the VAT efficiency. Since the coefficient of the VAT dummy is negative in the model, the government may revise the existing tax system and adopt a suitable taxation system that solves the problem in the current tax structure.

scholarly journals Impact of recycling sustainability on organizational performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uchechukwuka Linus Odia
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Publishing Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Regional Market ◽  
Publishing Houses ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Rate Of Returns ◽  
The Impact

This is empirical research focusing on the impact of recycling sustainability on Organizational performance in Nigeria. To achieve the objective of this study, a sample of 10 publishing houses in four major cities in Delta State was adopted, and these cities include Asaba, Warri, Sapele, and Oghara. Given that Nigeria is the regional publishing powerhouse in West Africa with newspaper publications selling in the whole region, likewise, textbook publishers in Nigeria dominate the regional market. The industry contributes about 10% of the GDP and is one of the fastest-growing in the manufacturing sector. Unfortunately, Nigeria does not produce most of the raw materials for publishing. All paper materials used in Nigeria are imported, and the costs are rising with the reliability of the sources dwindling. In addition, the publishing industry in Nigeria is faced with a high rate of waste and returns. The study focused on the impact of adopting recycling sustainability as a possible solution to the dwindling raw materials, increasing costs, and high rate of returns. It used a stratified random sampling approach and a descriptive research design. 

scholarly journals Labour Force, National Savings and the Manufacturing Sector Productivity in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-473
Author(s):  
Adeyemi Babasanya ◽  
◽  
Olukayode Maku ◽  
Joseph Amaefule ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Government

The study evaluated the role of sectoral labour force and the national savings on the manufacturing sector output in Nigeria from 1985 to 2019, a period of 35years. Data was sourced from Central Bank Of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin various issues up until 2017, National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), and World Development Index (WDI). Data were analyzed using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The VECM result revealed that national savings and labour force have long run positive effect on the manufacturing sector output, while exchange rate and inflation have long-run negative effect on the manufacturing sector output. It could be deduced from this study that national savings, labour force in the industrial sector, inflation and exchange rate are very critical factors that determine the growth and survival of the manufacturing sector. Hence, it was recommended that the government look critically to the manufacturing sector and revamp the sector by making credit facility to the sector, and increase the use of domestic raw materials.

scholarly journals Comparative Financial Analysis Of The Mexican Rural Sector

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Flory Anette Dieck-Assad
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Rural Sector ◽  
Development Approach ◽  
The One

The development of the Mexican rural sector is vital because it is the source of raw materials needed for production in the manufacturing sector. Thus, it is indeed important that its development follow that of the industrial sector. The main objective of the present research is to evaluate the growth of the rural sector during the presidential term of Felipe Calderon (2007-2012) and to discover the lights and shadows that revolve around this suffering sector of the Mexican economy. The analyzed statistical evidence shows an important lag and stagnation of the development of the rural sector since 1960 in Mexico. Additionally, a decrease in the contributions of the rural sector to the entire economic development in Mexico in 2012, compared to the one registered 33 years ago (in 1979), is considered. The statistical evidence supports the conclusion that the Mexican rural sector has not been able to show any progress, regardless of the noble governmental initiatives and efforts. Financial government resources should not only be directed to pay salaries and subsidies, but through a more effective leadership, the agricultural government agencies could try to increase investment in infrastructure, development, and application of new technologies set in the context of civic responsibility, ethics, and a sustainable development approach.

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