Characterization and Insilico Analysis of Cassia auriculata against Multi drug Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Inanimate Origin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-204
Author(s):  
J. Mary Sheela ◽  
Ravuri. Durga Bhavani ◽  
A. Pugazhendhi
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Cassia Auriculata ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Gene Structures

Infection with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) or carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae is emerging as an important challenge in health-care.50 swabs were collected from inanimate origins located in Chennai and the organisms isolated were identified by performing various preliminary tests like gram staining, capsule staining, motility, catalase, oxidase and biochemicals. antibiotic sensitivity testing was done for all the isolates using Ampicillin (AMP), Tetracycline (TE), Nitrofurantoin (NIT), Colistin (CL), Piperacillin (PIT), Noroxin (NX), Cefepime (CPM), Cefeparazone (CPZ), Ceftazidime (CFZ), Ciprofloxacin (CIP), Cotrimazole (COT), Ceftriaxone (CFX), Tigecycline (TGC), Tobramycin (TOB), Gentamicin (GEN), Amikacin (AK) and Imipenem (IMP) drugs and highest resistant against all the gram negative drugs was shown by Klebsiella which was further confirmed by MIC. The isolate was analysed for species by 16S rRNA sequencing which was reported as Klebsiella pneumoniae. The main objective of the present study is to identify the genes responsible for showing MDR and given for PCR reported as NDM, OXA-48 and K2A are the genes. Molecular docking was done by retrieving the gene structures of OXA-48 NDM and K2A of K.pneumoniae from protein data bank with proteins present in the leaf part of Cassia auriculata in patchdock and the binding interactions were interpreted and visualized using pyMOL to give a breakpoint by designing a drug for MDR bacterial strains.

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY RELEVANT BACTERIA FROM MARINE ENVIRONMENT

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suganthi Thevarajoo ◽  
Chitra Selvaratnam ◽  
Kian Mau Goh ◽  
Fazilah Abd. Manan ◽  
Zaharah Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Marine Microorganisms ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Marine environment remained as largely unexplored source for researchers to discover marine microorganisms with novel properties. This study aims to isolate marine bacteria from the seashore of Desaru, Malaysia. Totally, six bacterial strains were successfully obtained and were identified by complete 16S rRNA sequencing. The characterizations of bacterial strains were performed based on morphological tests, Gram-staining, biochemical tests, and antibiotic sensitivity. The 16S rRNA sequence of D-2, D-4, D-7, D-15, D-31, and D-33 revealed a high identity of 97 to 99% with taxa belong to genera of Pseudomonas, Marinomonas, Exiquobacterium, Micrococcus, Pseudoalteromonas, and Shewanella respectively. Strain D-31 exhibited higher tolerance towards antibiotics kanamycin, ampicillin, and erythromycin while the growth of other strains were retarded by at least two of these antibiotics. We further characterized strain D-4 and D-31 that belonged to Marinomonas sp. and Pseudoalteromonas sp.. Both genera are interesting as earlier researchers have discovered new antibacterial substances, industrial enzymes and unique secondary metabolites.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Arrayed Transposon Mutant Library of Klebsiella pneumoniae Outbreak Strain KPNIH1

2017 ◽  
Vol 199 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Ramage ◽  
Roxanne Erolin ◽  
Kiara Held ◽  
Joe Gasper ◽  
Eli Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Mutant Library ◽  
Nosocomial Pathogens ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Phenotypic Microarray ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
The Family

ABSTRACT Klebsiella pneumoniae and other carbapenem-resistant members of the family Enterobacteriaceae are a major cause of hospital-acquired infections, yet the basis of their success as nosocomial pathogens is poorly understood. To help provide a foundation for genetic analysis of K. pneumoniae, we created an arrayed, sequence-defined transposon mutant library of an isolate from the 2011 outbreak of infections at the U.S. National Institutes of Health Clinical Center. The library is made up of 12,000 individually arrayed mutants of a carbapenemase deletion parent strain and provides coverage of 85% of the predicted genes. The library includes an average of 2.5 mutants per gene, with most insertion locations identified and confirmed in two independent rounds of Sanger sequencing. On the basis of an independent transposon sequencing assay, about half of the genes lacking representatives in this “two-allele” library are essential for growth on nutrient agar. To validate the use of the library for phenotyping, we screened candidate mutants for increased antibiotic sensitivity by using custom phenotypic microarray plates. This screening identified several mutations increasing sensitivity to β-lactams (in acrB1, mcrB, ompR, phoP1, and slt1) and found that two-component regulator cpxAR mutations increased multiple sensitivities (to an aminoglycoside, a fluoroquinolone, and several β-lactams). Strains making up the two-allele mutant library are available through a web-based request mechanism. IMPORTANCE K. pneumoniae and other carbapenem-resistant members of the family Enterobacteriaceae are recognized as a top public health threat by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The analysis of these major nosocomial pathogens has been limited by the experimental resources available for studying them. The work presented here describes a sequence-defined mutant library of a K. pneumoniae strain (KPNIH1) that represents an attractive model for studies of this pathogen because it is a recent isolate of the major sequence type that causes infection, the epidemiology of the outbreak it caused is well characterized, and an annotated genome sequence is available. The ready availability of defined mutants deficient in nearly all of the nonessential genes of the model strain should facilitate the genetic dissection of complex traits like pathogenesis and antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Cervicovaginal Bacteriology and Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns among Women with Premature Rupture of Membranes in Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton W. Musaba ◽  
Mike N. Kagawa ◽  
Charles Kiggundu ◽  
Paul Kiondo ◽  
Julius Wandabwa
Keyword(s):  
Cochrane Review ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Mulago Hospital ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Ascending Infection ◽  
Endocervical Canal

Background. A 2013 Cochrane review concluded that the choice of antibiotics for prophylaxis in PROM is not clear. In Uganda, a combination of oral erythromycin and amoxicillin is the 1st line for prophylaxis against ascending infection. Our aim was to establish the current cervicovaginal bacteriology and antibiotic sensitivity patterns. Methods. Liquor was collected aseptically from the endocervical canal and pool in the posterior fornix of the vagina using a pipette. Aerobic cultures were performed on blood, chocolate, and MacConkey agar and incubated at 35–37°C for 24–48 hrs. Enrichment media were utilized to culture for GBS and facultative anaerobes. Isolates were identified using colonial morphology, gram staining, and biochemical analysis. Sensitivity testing was performed via Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and dilution method. Pearson’s chi-squared (χ2) test and the paired t-test were applied, at a P value of 0.05. Results. Thirty percent of the cultures were positive and over 90% were aerobic microorganisms. Resistance to erythromycin, ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, and ceftriaxone was 44%, 95%, 96%, and 24%, respectively. Rupture of membranes (>12 hrs), late preterm, and term PROM were associated with more positive cultures. Conclusion. The spectrum of bacteria associated with PROM has not changed, but resistance to erythromycin and ampicillin has increased.

scholarly journals Bacteriological profile of pyoderma and its antibiotic sensitivity pattern in a tertiary care hospital in North Karnataka

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-138
Author(s):  
Praveen Kumar Doddamani ◽  
Sunilkumar Biradar ◽  
Amaresh Nigudgi ◽  
Chandrashekar Kadaganchi
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Control Drug ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Primary Type

Pyoderma is one of the common skin condition seen in dermatological OPD. Pyoderma are purulent infections of skin and its appendages mainly caused by various bacteria. Pyoderma could be primary or secondary to other conditions such as impetigo, carbuncle, folliculitis & others. Two sterile swabs collected from the lesions each for Gram staining and culture. Culture done on sheep blood agar and MacConkey agar & incubated at 37C. Identification done by colony morphology, repeat gram staining & biochemical tests. Antibiotic sensitivity testing of Isolates done by Kirby bauer disc diffusion testing following CLSI guidelines. Of 315 cases diagnosed clinically as Pyoderma only 295 were culture positive. 59% of cases were primary type and impetigo was the most common type. Males were affected more than females in ratio 1.56:1. was found to be the most common cause of Pyoderma followed by and streptococcus pyogenes in gram positive bacteria. In gram negative bacteria is most common followed by The major associated risk factors for causation of Pyoderma were found to be Malnutrition (35%) followed by Diabetes (16.5%), Hypertension (6.3%) & multiple comorbidities found in 12.6% of cases. However in 94 cases (30%) no associated factors detected. Pyoderma mainly affects males than females with 10-30yrs being the most common age group affected. is the most common causative agent. Antibiotic sensitivity testing is mandatory to treat effectively & control drug resistance.

scholarly journals Review on the Carbapenem Resistance Mechanisms of Klebsiella pneumoniae

2021 ◽  
pp. 352-357
Author(s):  
Wafaa Ahmed Alhazmi
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
The Past ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

During the past years, the emergence of multi-drug resistance Gram-negative bacilli (MDR-GNB), including the carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) has increased leading to a significant threat to public health care. Recent advanced molecular methods have improved our knowledge on how antimicrobial resistance mechanisms develop and transferred among bacterial strains. The MDR pathogens, particularly CRKP, utilize various mechanisms of resistance such as antimicrobial agent degradation, modification of antimicrobial target and alteration of cell membrane permeability. Here, the emergence of CRKP and the major antibiotic resistance mechanisms employed by CRKP will be reviewed and described. Understanding such mechanisms can be essential to develop new antimicrobial drug and help with individual treatment decisions to use alternative options to carbapenem and β-lactam antibiotics.

scholarly journals Antibiogram and Biofilm Formation among Carbapenem Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Roshani Nhuchhen Pradhan ◽  
Surendra Kumar Madhup ◽  
Shyam Prasad Pant
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Microtitre Plate ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Plate Assay ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Microtitre Plate Assay ◽  
Agar Method

Objectives: This cross-sectional study was designed to detect the carbapenemase producing K. pneumoniae along with biofilm producers from different clinical specimens and to compare antibiotic susceptibility pattern of biofilm producing carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and biofilm non-producing carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Methods: A total of 1475 non-repetitive clinical samples were included on this study. Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing (AST), Modified Hodge Test (MHT) and Modified Carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) were performed for detection of carbapenemase production and Congo red agar method (CRA) along with Microtitre plate method were performed for detecting biofilm production. Results: Among the clinical specimens cultured, growth positivity was 62.71%. E. coli was most predominant organism followed by K. pneumoniae (17.89%). Among the 110 K. pneumoniae, 57 were found to be carbapenemase producer. Majority of the carbapenemase producing K. pneumoniae were isolated from sputum (45.61%), in the specimen collected from age group 61-70 (28.07%) and in out-patient department (50.88%). Similarly, 65.45% K. pneumoniae out of 110 were found to be biofilm producer by Congo red agar method while among those 72, 73.59% isolates were found to be quantitatively biofilm producer in Microtitre plate assay. Out of 57 carbapenemase producer, 35.08% were strongly biofilm producer while among 53 carbapenemase non-producer 30.18% were strongly biofilm producer from Congo red agar method. Moreover, Microtitre plate assay evidenced that, out of 57 carbapenemase producer, 40.35% were highly biofilm producing and among the 15 carbapenemase nonproducer 66.66% were highly biofilm producer.  Conclusion: Biofilm formation is highly prevalent with varying degree of resistance among different antibiotics including carbapenems that further augments antibiotic resistance. The study showed carbapenemase producers are stronger biofilm producer than the non-carbapenemase producer. Therefore, it is recommended to identify biofilm formation among carbapenemase producers for effective choice of antibiotics.

scholarly journals First Report on a Hyperepidemic Clone of KPC-3-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Israel Genetically Related to a Strain Causing Outbreaks in the United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 818-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiri Navon-Venezia ◽  
Azita Leavitt ◽  
Mitchell J. Schwaber ◽  
J. Kamile Rasheed ◽  
Arjun Srinivasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
The United States ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Clone ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
First Report ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Global Spread

ABSTRACT A highly epidemic carbapenem-resistant clone of KPC-3-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae emerged in Israel in 2006, causing a nationwide outbreak. This clone was genetically related to outbreak strains from the United States isolated in 2000 but differed in KPC-carrying plasmids. The threat of the global spread of hyperepidemic, extensively drug-resistant bacterial strains should be recognized and confronted.

scholarly journals Optical DNA Mapping of Plasmids Reveals Clonal Spread of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Large Thai Hospital

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1029
Author(s):  
Sriram KK ◽  
Tsegaye Sewunet ◽  
Walaiporn Wangchinda ◽  
Teerawit Tangkoskul ◽  
Visanu Thamlikitkul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Dna Mapping ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Siriraj Hospital ◽  
Clonal Spread ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-KP) in patients admitted to hospitals pose a great challenge to treatment. The genes causing resistance to carbapenems are mostly found in plasmids, mobile genetic elements that can spread easily to other bacterial strains, thus exacerbating the problem. Here, we studied 27 CR-KP isolates collected from different types of samples from 16 patients admitted to the medical ward at Siriraj Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand, using next generation sequencing (NGS) and optical DNA mapping (ODM). The majority of the isolates belonged to sequence type (ST) 16 and are described in detail herein. Using ODM, we identified the plasmid carrying the blaNDM-1 gene in the ST16 isolates and the plasmids were very similar, highlighting the possibility of using ODM of plasmids as a surrogate marker of nosocomial spread of bacteria. We also demonstrated that ODM could identify that the blaCTX-M-15 and blaOXA-232 genes in the ST16 isolates were encoded on separate plasmids from the blaNDM-1 gene and from each other. The other three isolates belonged to ST147 and each of them had distinct plasmids encoding blaNDM-1.

scholarly journals Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Associated with COVID-19

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 561
Author(s):  
Irina Dumitru ◽  
Mirela Dumitrascu ◽  
Nicoleta Vlad ◽  
Roxana Cernat ◽  
Carmen Ilie-Serban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
High Risk Populations ◽  
Almost All

Infections with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae are emerging as an important challenge in healthcare settings. Currently, carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) are the species of CRE most commonly encountered in hospitals. CRKP is resistant to almost all available antimicrobial agents, and infections with CRKP have been associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, particularly among persons with prolonged hospitalization exposed to invasive devices. We report nine patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit (ICU) with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who developed invasive infections due to carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (CP-Kp), KPC and OXA-48, strains that have not been previously identified in our hospital. Despite ceftazidime/avibactam therapy, five patients died. Coinfections can contribute to a poor prognosis for patients with COVID-19, especially for high-risk populations such as elderly patients. Therefore, it is crucial to establish a rigorous program of antibiotic administration in intensive care units.

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