scholarly journals Perbandingan Kandungan Selulosa dan Lignin dari Kayu Acacia crassicarpa dan Acacia mangium

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Melysa Putri ◽  
Shalsyabila Poeni
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Acacia Crassicarpa

The development of the pulp & paper industries in Indonesia increase every year. To support the development of industries in Indonesia in order to be able to compete with similar industries from abroad, it is very important to pay attention to the quality of the paper produced. One way to determine the quality of the pulp & paper is by knowing the chemical composition and area where the wood grows. Important chemical compositions that can support the strength of wood and paper quality include cellulose and lignin. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare the levels of cellulose and lignin contained in Acacia crassicarpa wood from wetlands and Acacia mangium from dry land which is processed into pulp & paper with good quality. Determination of cellulose and lignin content in wood was carried out using the gravimetric method. Test results on Acacia crassicarpa wood species from wetlands obtained cellulose content of 55.48% and lignin 24.13%, while in Acacia mangium wood from dry land obtained cellulose content of 51.46% and lignin 27.66%. According to company standards that levels of cellulose and lignin in two different fields are obtained according to the standards set by the company. So for the results of testing Acacia crassicarpa wood from wetlands have the highest levels of cellulose with low levels of lignin

scholarly journals Determination of simethicone in different drug formulations by gravimetry and comparison with the FTIR method

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-159
Author(s):  
Muge Guleli ◽  
Sezin İşsev ◽  
Cem Caliskan ◽  
Mahmut Ozbek
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
T Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Drug Formulations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quantification Analysis

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was mostly used in both pharmacopeia and literature studies to determine the assay of simethicone (SMT) in pharmaceuticals. It should be noted that HPLC is used less frequently. As an alternative to the mentioned methods a new, simple, fast, easy-to-apply and very cheap gravimetric method was developed and validated according to ICH guidance entitled Q2B Validation of Analytical Procedures: Methodology for the quantification analysis of simethicone in different pharmaceutical forms. For the simethicone suspension product provided to alleviate too much gas in the gastrointestinal tract, the simethicone amount was determined both by the validated gravimetric method and by the FTIR method defined in the USP and BP monographs, and the results were within the acceptance criteria. It is emphasized that there is no significant difference between the results of gravimetric and FTIR methods according to the calculated F- and t-test results.

scholarly journals Comparison of colors, microstructure, chemical composition and thermal properties of bamboo fibers and parenchyma cells with heat treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieyu Wu ◽  
Tuhua Zhong ◽  
Wenfu Zhang ◽  
Jiangjing Shi ◽  
Benhua Fei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Bamboo Fibers

AbstractThe effects of heat treatment at various temperatures on mechanically separated bamboo fibers and parenchyma cells were examined in terms of color, microstructure, chemical composition, crystallinity, and thermal properties. The heat-treated parenchyma cells and fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), chemical composition analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results revealed that the colors of bamboo fibers and parenchyma cells were darkened as treatment temperature increased. The microstructure of the treated fibers and parenchyma cells slightly changed, yet the shape of starch granules in parenchyma cells markedly altered at a temperature of above 160 °C. The chemical compositions varied depending on the heat treatment temperature. When treated at 220 °C, the cellulose content was almost unchanged in fibers but increased by 15% in parenchyma cells; the hemicellulose content decreased and the lignin content increased regardless of fibers and parenchyma cells. The cellulose crystal structure was nearly unaffected by heat treatment, but the cellulose crystallinity of fibers changed more pronouncedly than that of parenchyma cells. The thermal stability of parenchyma cells after heat treatment was affected more substantially compared to fibers.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val) Untuk Memurnikan Minyak Jelantah

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Muhammad Silmi Hi Abubakar ◽  
Siti Nuryanti ◽  
Suherman Suherman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Before And After

Study on the purification and quality test of used cooking oil with turmeric has been done. This study aims to determine the quality of cooking oil after purified turmeric. The quality parameters of oil studied were the moisture content, free fatty acids (FFA), and peroxide. The methods used for determination of these parameters were gravimetry for moisture content, acid-base titration for free fatty acids, and iodometric for peroxide. The test results for water from 0.6% to 0.4% free fatty acid from 1.2% to 0.2%, and peroxide levels before and after purification were successively from and 6 meq/g to 4 meq/g, respectively. Only free fatty acids of all three parameters met the requirement of SNI.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN DAN HARGA TERHADAP LOYALITAS PELANGGAN DENGAN KEPUASAN PELANGGAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING PADA TOKO A&A COPIER PEMATANGSIANTAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-86
Author(s):  
Joster Togatorop ◽  
Darwin Lie ◽  
Marisi Butarbutar ◽  
Andy Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Customer Complaints ◽  
The Gift

The results can be summarized as follows: 1. Quality of service, price, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty is good. 2. There is influence of service quality and price to customer satisfaction in prove ŶZ  = 5,885 + 0,523X1 + 0,661X2. The effect of customer satisfaction on customer loyalty is proved Ŷ = 6,197 + 0,663Z. 3. Quality of service and price have high and positive correlation with customer satisfaction in prove with value r = 0,858, and determination value equal to 26,4%. Customer satisfaction has high moderately and positive correlation with customer loyalty in the prove with the value of r = 0.763, and the value of determination of 41,7%. 4. Hypothesis test results stated H0 rejected means the quality of service and price have a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty with customer satisfaction as intervening variable.             The suggestions of this research are: 1. To improve the quality of service, A&A Copier Pematangsiantar shop employees should be able to handle customer complaints optimally, friendly to customers and able to communicate and serve customers well. 2. To optimize prices, to provide discounts to customers who have been copying more than one ream of paper and providing credit cards as a means of payment transactions. 3. For customer satisfaction, improve the results of photocopy so as not to blurred and bilge a more tidy. 4. To improve customer loyalty, pay attention to customer needs, help operate the computer, provide information about the products to be purchased by customers, and give the gift evenly.

Improving quality of care and reducing costs with angiogenesis-specific imaging tests in metastatic breast cancer.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (34_suppl) ◽  
pp. 150-150
Author(s):  
Carolyn Bodnar ◽  
L. Clark Paramore ◽  
Kevin B. Knopf
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Test Results ◽  
The Impact

150 Background: Anti-angiogenesis (AA) drugs (e.g., bevacizumab) are expensive and their clinical benefit in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) has been challenged. Healthcare reform and financial pressures prioritize programs which improve patient quality of care and reduce costs of unnecessary care. Angiogenesis-specific imaging tests (A-IT) under development have potential to offer earlier, accurate determination of response. For A-IT-identified responders, AA treatment would be continued. For patients identified as non-responders, futile AA treatment and associated toxicities can be avoided and alternative therapies initiated. Methods: A decision-tree model was developed to estimate the impact of A-IT from determination of AA therapy eligibility through to disease progression. Key decision nodes were presence/absence of A-IT (assessing change in biomarker expression across 2 PET/CT scans: at AA eligibility, then after one cycle of AA), A-IT sensitivity/specificity (SE/SP) and clinician adherence to test results (tied to belief that results are valid enough to stop AA therapy). Key model inputs (and base case values): 1) median time to progression (TTP) for current MBC patients on AA therapies (9.5 months); 2) median TTP for A-IT identified responders (13 months); 3) costs of bevacizumab, one cycle ($5,200); 4) percentage of AA patients with hemorrhage (4%); 5) costs of hemorrhaging, per event ($14,694); 6) per patient costs for A-IT ($6,000); 7) estimated SE/SP of A-IT – 95%/75%; and 8) clinician adherence to test results (75%). Results: Based on a cohort of 100 MBC patients, use of A-IT results in 29 patients avoiding futile AA therapy with a saving of $460,000, versus a scenario where A-IT was not used. One-way threshold sensitivity analysis shows A-IT is cost-saving if SP >62% or when clinician adherence is ≥63%; results are not sensitive to AA hemorrhage rate. Conclusions: Use of A-IT could improve quality of care by optimizing AA therapy, i.e., by identifying responders who will experience survival benefit and non-responders who can avoid futile therapy and toxicity risks. Significant cost savings may be possible as a result of early determination of response to AA drugs.

Test and Research to the Dank Ratio of Woven Filtering Fabric

2011 ◽  
Vol 332-334 ◽  
pp. 916-919
Author(s):  
Gui Fen Yao ◽  
Jian Hua Yin ◽  
Hai Wen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Water Permeability ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

No matter for clothes fabric or industry fabric, the water permeability is an important performance indicator. In order to explore relationship of the water permeability of woven filtering fabrics with the fabric structure parameters, we design sixteen fabric. According to the national standards of determination of water permeability of woven filtering fabric, we test the dank ratio of the design fabric. In this paper we analysis the water permeability and structure parameter of woven filtering fabric with test the quality of water on some time through woven fabrics. We calculated the dank ratio from the water permeable quality and other parameters. The results indicate that, the effect of fabric texture on the dank ratio of woven fabrics is that the dank ratio of the plain weave is the smallest and the satin weave is the biggest. In addition, the relationship between overall covering factor and water permeability showed that the water permeability decreases along with the overall covering factor increasing. A linear regression equation between dank ratio and overall covering factor is get from the test results. In order to get big dank ratio, we should produce fabric with satin weave and lower overall covering factor.

scholarly journals Determination of the Chemical Composition of Eucalyptus spp. for Cellulosic Pulp Production

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1649
Author(s):  
Túlio Anselmo Sacramento Vieira ◽  
Taiana Guimarães Arriel ◽  
Antônio José Vinha Zanuncio ◽  
Amélia Guimarães Carvalho ◽  
Monique Branco-Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Alkanoic Acids ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Cellulosic Pulp ◽  
Pulp Production

The chemical composition of wood is important to assess the quality of this raw material for the industry of cellulosic pulp production. The purpose of this work was to determine the chemical composition of Eucalyptus spp. grown for cellulosic pulp production. Ten Eucalyptus spp. clones with six years of age, located in the municipality of Itamarandiba, Minas Gerais, Brazil, were used. Quantification was obtained for extractives, monosaccharides, uronic acids, acetates, lignin, ash and the phenolic composition of the extracts. In average, clones showed around 2.7% extractives, with a predominance of polar compounds soluble in ethanol and water; 27.7% lignin and 0.3% ash. Glucose was the main sugar detected (64.2%), followed by xylose (19.3%). The main components of the extractives were steroids, fatty acids and aromatic acids, followed by smaller amounts of substituted alkanoic acids, fatty alcohols, glycerol derivatives and triterpenes. The ethanol–water extracts presented total phenol contents ranging from 321.4 to 586.6 mg EAG/g of extract, tannins from 28.1 to 65.1 mg catechin/g of extract and flavonoids from 73.6 to 256.9 mg catechin/g of extract. Clones with a higher holocellulose amount and a lower lignin content showed a higher potential for cellulosic pulp production. These findings are important for the development of high-quality wood based on important traits for the pulp and paper sector.

scholarly journals STUDI KUALITAS PELAYANAN PADA SOSIAL MEDIA INSTAGRAM NINJA XPRESS TERHADAP PENINGKATAN CITRA PERUSAHAAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-108
Author(s):  
Aditya Krisna Putri, Yani Hendrayani, Uljanatunnisa
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Corporate Image ◽  
T Test ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Test Results

This study discusses quality of service study in social media instagram of Ninja Xpress against improving the corporate image. The purpose of this research is to know the magnitude of the influence quality of service against improving corporate image on delivery service of Ninja Xpress. The model used in this study is a model of the formation of images. The method used is quantitative. This research using survey method by using a questionnaire. The population in this research is a followes of Ninja Xpress’s Instagram, for the sample Yamane formula using which then obtained as many as 99 of respondents. Sample withdrawal techniques used in this research is purposive sampling technique. The research results showed that test results correlation variable X (quality of service) against the variable Y (the corporate image) of 0,821. Based on the results of the calculation of the coefficient of determination of the obtained results the presence of the influence of variables X against Y variables of 67,4% it means the results of the influences is significant between variables X against Y variables. T test results in apat t calculate > t table i.e. t calculate 14,184 > 1,661 table t, then it can be inferred H0 is rejected and the Ha are received. The conclusion from research that Instagram of Ninja Xpress account must always be active in interacting with their customers and making the latest innovations in Instagram content uploads.

scholarly journals Elements of the model positioning of aircraft on the apron

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Gołda ◽  
Mirosław Kowalski ◽  
Cezary Wasser ◽  
Paweł Dygnatowski ◽  
Aleksander Szporka
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Parallel Structure ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Airport Capacity ◽  
Ground Handling

The design of airports and the organization of their work requires the recognition of the basic components of the air transport process, consisting of an "aerial" part, including the landing phase and the landing operation itself, as well as take-off, the "ground" part, including the task of taxiing aircraft on apron, ground handling tasks, "terminal" part, including passenger handling tasks. These elements form a cause-and-effect sequence, or a series-parallel structure that determines the quality of services provided by the airport, their efficiency, reliability and price. The article presents the issues of decision support for the operation and maintenance of airport infrastructure and traffic management on the ramp and within the airport, i.e. the operation of allocating aircraft to the gates of "gates" using simulation tools. Aircraft taxiing operations on the tarmac integrate the flight phase (along with its components and its problems, such as arriving and departing sequencing) with the ground handling phase of aircraft and passengers at terminals. The model presented in the article is a single element of a holistic approach to the operation of an airport. The overall model consists of the development of decision models for the organization of aircraft traffic on the apron, algorithms for their solution and the possibility of practical application as a simulation tool for analyzing and assessing aircraft traffic processes in the take-off, taxiing and landing phase. To describe the model, a formal mapping of the structure of the necessary airport elements was proposed. A formal record of boundary conditions and criteria relevant to aircraft allocation processes is presented due to the minimization of travel time of passengers transferring between two aircraft assigned to two different gates. Test results can be used in practice, among others by airspace controllers and airport designers for: analyzing and assessing the possibilities of increasing airport capacity, analyzing and assessing the determination of taxiway lengths, maintaining high safety reserves, etc.

Characterization of residual lignin in cellulose isolated by the diglyme method from three Pinus species by IR spectroscopy and analytical pyrolysis

Holzforschung ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Alves ◽  
Sara Santos ◽  
Rita Simões ◽  
José Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Residual Lignin ◽  
Analytical Pyrolysis ◽  
Cellulose Yield ◽  
Screening Experiments

AbstractQuantitative determination of cellulose content by means of diglyme [bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether] isolation is useful for rapid screening experiments. However, diglyme isolation from softwoods results in a certain amount of residual lignin in the cellulose. In this paper, the lignin content (L) in diglyme cellulose of three pine species (Pinus halepensisMiller,Pinus sylvestrisL. andPinus pinasterAiton) was analysed by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and analytical pyrolysis (Py). Py allowed lignin quantification. The influence of wood milling on cellulose yield was also analyzed and it was shown that a particle size between 10 and 60 mesh did not noticeably influence the cellulose yield or L; however, ball-milling to powder did cause a cellulose loss of around 37%. The diglyme method is only reproducible if the experimental parameters are standardized and meticulously followed.

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