scholarly journals SOLUTIONS ON INTEGRATED DISPOSAL OF MANURE AND MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
V.V. Sadov ◽  
◽  
N.I. Kapustin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Altai Region

Environmental issues around the world have become more acute in recent years. This is due to a significant in-crease in industrial wastes from various industries and waste of the population called municipal solid wastes. Re-cently, more attention has been paid to waste disposal issues, but still not enough. The main waste in animal hus-bandry is manure, and in population centers –municipal solid waste. The separation of manure and solid wastes into fractions not only increases the efficiency of using the area, but also leads to decreased transportation costs. The study of the wastes issue in the Altai Region has shown that there is a significant amount of unused manure as organic fertilizers and significant volumes of municipal solid wastes. The existing manure disposal technology provides for the removal of manure to the field or temporary storage on the farm that causes area contamination. There are various ways of organic waste disposal: thermal, biological, chemical, electrophysical, and mechanical ones, as well as their combinations. To solve this problem, an integrated approach is advisable -the use of the adhesive properties of cattle manure to bind municipal solid wastes and making briquettes from the resulting mixture. This method allows solving the ecologic problem both on the farm and near population centers. The results of the conducted experi-ments allow making conclusion that the fuel briquettes ob-tained in this way retain their shape and, in a dried state, support combustion. The technology of separating manure into fractions will significantly simplify the disposal of solid and liquid fractions.

scholarly journals A Study on the Problems of the Usage of Incinerators in Malaysia

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Rosli Sulaiman ◽  
Sharifah Aishah Syed Abdul Kadir ◽  
Ruhani Ibrahim ◽  
Maryam Husin
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
The Government

Incineration is one of the options available to dispose municipal solid wastes (MSW) as it is capable of breaking down hazardous non-metallic wastes besides destroying bacteria and viruses. In terms of volume of wastes, incineration can reduce almost instantaneously by 90 %. In 1998, the government of Malaysia embarked on a pilot project to use incinerators to dispose MSW in four popular resort islands to see the effectiveness of this technique of waste disposal. Seven units of mini incinerators were installed on the islands and the local municipals were made responsible to manage and maintain.This project looked into the problems arises when incineration is used for MSW disposal on these islands. Data collected revealed that the plants were not properly managed and maintained. This was due to the lack of funds available for effective and smooth operation and the absence of highly expert personnel required to maintain the plant. Other factors that contribute to the inefficiency are inadequate air pollution control facilities and the infrastructure which do not condon the foul odour. Further research work need to be done to monitor the operation of these incinerators in order to explore its potential to dispose waste safely, effectively and cleanly.

Evaluation of Municipal Solid Wastes Utilization in Organic Fertilizer Production Using Bioreactor-Vermi Technology

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ARISTON O. RONQUILLO ◽  
GEMMA A. ASUFRE
Keyword(s):  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Waste Utilization ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
State University ◽  
Sustainable Farming ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Organic Waste Treatment

Surigao del Sur State University has been utilizing the Bioreactor-VermiTechnology through accelerated composting processes in response to theincreasing concern about the amount and management of Municipal Solid Wastes(MSW) and sustainable farming in the municipalities of Tagbina and Barobo,Surigao del Sur, Philippines. The major focus was to evaluate the potential ofBioreactor-Vermi Technology to reduce municipal solid wastes and the potentialof the organic fertilizer produced from these wastes for sustainable farming. Adescriptive research design was utilized in this study employing multiple datacollection techniques which include characterization of compostable solidwastes, their sources, amount of wastes utilized for composting and the amountand quality of organic fertilizer produced. Results revealed that using bioreactor-vermi technology; the biodegradable MSW in the two municipalities is reducedto 6.68% producing 300 tons of organic fertilizers in five years operation utilizedby 200 farmers for the cultivation of various crops within and outside the twomunicipalities. Organic fertilizer produced is in acceptable level for sustainablefarming. As the major composition of waste is organic, waste treatment optionslike bioreactor-vermi composting is effective in reducing municipal solidwastes and producing organic fertilizer for sustainable farming not only in thePhilippines but all over the world.Keywords: Environmental Education, emerging technologies, solid waste utilization,descriptive-evaluative design, Philippines

scholarly journals Pilot Study of Generation and Disposal of Municipal Solid Wastes in Selected Household in Rural Areas in the South-Western Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Maria Strzelczyk
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Rural Family

Abstract Pilot study of the composition of wastes was carried out in 15 rural family households engaged in agricultural activity. In the study group the average resident of rural areas generates about 166 kg of municipal wastes annually. The conducted studies showed that the composition of municipal wastes coming from rural households changes seasonally. During the periods of summer and autumn, the quantity of bio-wastes increased distinctly. The average mass of wastes transferred to the companies engaged in the collection of wastes in the analyzed rural households is almost 50 kg · M–1. year–1. The studies showed that over 80% of organic wastes (kitchen and garden) is utilized in the place where they are generated. In the studies, organic wastes were collected selectively (in separate bags), which undoubtedly had infiuence on their humidity (70–90%). Laboratory analysis of these wastes showed that the ratio C:N in it was from 7 to 19, whereas pH lay within the limits from 5.8 to 6.9 indicating its very good properties for the composting process. Therefore composting of organic waste from rural household should be recommended as the best way for its disposal and the weight reduction of biodegradable waste going to landfills. Comparison of the analyzed variants showed that some waste other than kitchen and garden does not leave the holding (it is re-used or burned in home hearths).

scholarly journals Bioconversion of Municipal Solid Wastes for Bioethanol Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1151-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Patra ◽  
A. Basu ◽  
A. Mishra ◽  
N. K. Dhal
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Ethanol Yield ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Pichia Stipitis ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Dilute Acid ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Time Point

ABSTRACT: The use of dilute acid (H2SO4, 3%) and alkali (NaOH, 3%) pretreatment methods has some potential how ever to date, these methods effectively increase ethanol production of municipal solid waste (MSW). Enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out with Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus and Trichoderma reesei. Finally, the fermentation was done by sugar three ethanologenic yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, pichia stipitis, canida shehatae for bioethanol production.The highest ethanol yield (22.32%) v/v. was obtained with a pre-hydrolysis treatment consisting of NaOH at 3% concentration, followed by Pichia stipitis and enzymatic hydrolysis with Aspergillus niger. Pre-hydrolysis treatment consisted Enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out with Alkali pretreated wastes yield more sugar as compared to acid treatment using produced more ethanol than others at each time point. The experimental results observed that 80% of the cellulose converted to glucose from the waste which can be easily fermented to production. of ethanol. The ability focus on related environmental issues, such as sustainable waste management, climate change, land use and biodiversity, are discussed.

CLEAN UTILIZATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES AND ALTERNATIVE FUELS DERIVED FROM IT

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-209
Author(s):  
Alexander Topal ◽  
◽  
Iryna Holenko ◽  
Luidmyla Haponych ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Clean Technologies

For the municipal solid waste (MSW) to be used in a proper way, it is necessary to implement clean technologies capable of thermal treatment of MSW and RDF in order to produce heat and electricity while meeting current ecological requirements. Nowadays, a number of technologies for MSW/RDF thermal treating are being used worldwide. Among them, the most proven technologies, applicable for industrial introduction, have been considered while analyzing their advantages/ disadvantages accounting for local conditions of Ukraine.

Conditioning of oily sludges with municipal solid wastes incinerator fly ash

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tay Joo Hwa ◽  
S. Jeyaseelan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Capillary Suction ◽  
Optimum Dosage

Conditioning of sludges improves dewatering characteristics and reduces the quantity of sludge to be handled. Anaerobic digested sludge collected from a sewage treatment plant contained 1.8% to 8% oil. The increase of specific resistance and capillary suction time (CST) with increasing oil content observed in these samples indicates the interference of oil in dewatering. It has been found that addition of municipal solid wastes incinerator fly ash decreases the specific resistances and capillary suction times of oily sludges rapidly up to 3% dosage. Beyond 3% fly ash, the decrease is less significant and the solids content in the sludge cake increases. This optimum dosage remains the same for sludges with varying oil contents from 1.8% to 12%. The total suspended solids of filtrate decreases with fly ash dosage but the toxic concentrations of heavy metals increases considerably. However at the optimum dosage of 3%, concentrations of heavy metals are within the limits for discharging into the sewers. The correlations of CST with the dewatering characteristics such as specific resistance, filter yield and corrected filter yield are established. These correlations can be used to obtain a quick prediction on dewaterability.

scholarly journals Conversion of Spent Coffee and Donuts by Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae into Potential Resources for Animal and Plant Farming

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Hayden Fischer ◽  
Nicholas Romano ◽  
Amit Kumar Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Hermetia Illucens Larvae ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Dough Stage ◽  
Plant Farming

Nutritionally unbalanced organic waste can be converted into potential resources for animal and plant farming by culturing black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) and prepupae (BSFP). BSFL and BSFP are rich sources of protein and lipids, while the leftover excrement called “frass” can be used as an organic fertilizer. Using readily available resources, BSFL were cultured on spent coffee, donut dough or an equal blend for 35 days. Survival, productivity, daily pupation and biochemical composition of BSFL and BSFP were measured along with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium values of the frass. Survival was highest in the blend compared (81%) to spent coffee (45%) or dough (24%); however, BSFL and BSFP were significantly longer and heavier from dough. Stage and food significantly influenced the protein, lipid and glycogen content of the BSFL and BSFP, which tended to be higher in the latter. While fatty acids were often significantly higher in BSFL fed spent coffee, the amino acid composition of BSFL was generally higher in dough. Frass from the blend had significantly highest nitrogen content, while potassium and phosphorus were significantly higher and lower from spent coffee, respectively. Although coffee and donut dough were suboptimal substrates for BSFL, a blend of these produced BSFL and frass that were nutritionally comparable to soybean meal and many organic fertilizers, respectively.

Genotoxicity Screening of Leachates from Solid Industrial Wastes Evaluated with the Allium Test

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. Odeigah ◽  
Jide Ijimakinwa ◽  
Bimbo Lawal ◽  
Rebecca Oyeniyi
Keyword(s):  
Steel Slag ◽  
Settling Tank ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Allium Test ◽  
Chemical Company ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Paint Sludge ◽  
Toxic Industrial Waste

Six solid wastes from the metal industry, from the chemical industry and from the production of pesticides were investigated for their toxic and genotoxic properties by using the Allium test. To simulate environmental conditions and better assess their environmental impact, the solid wastes were leached with water, and the water-extractable micropollutants were lyophilised before screening. The mean root lengths of onions exposed to different concentrations of the leachates were measured, and EC50 values were determined from the growth curves. The EC50 values of the wastes were ranked, in the order: organochlorine pesticide waste, settling tank sludge from a chemical company, paint sludge, lead slag, steel slag and aluminium slag. The leachates were also mitodepressive, and caused significant increases in the frequency of chromosome aberrations. These results demonstrate that the Allium test is a useful screening test for the evaluation and ranking of toxic industrial waste.

A highly efficient multi-step methodology for the quantification of micro-(bio)plastics in sludge

2020 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2097409
Author(s):  
Federica Ruggero ◽  
Alexandra E. Porter ◽  
Nikolaos Voulvoulis ◽  
Emiliano Carretti ◽  
Tommaso Lotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
Initial Oxidation ◽  
Threshold Size ◽  
End Products ◽  
Biological Treatments ◽  
Pre Treatment

The present study develops a multi-step methodology for identification and quantification of microplastics and micro-bioplastics (together called in the current work micro-(bio)plastics) in sludge. In previous studies, different methods for the extraction of microplastics were devised for traditional plastics, while the current research tested the methodology on starch-based micro-bioplastics of 0.1–2 mm size. Compostable bioplastics are expected to enter the anaerobic or aerobic biological treatments that lead to end-products applicable in agriculture; some critical conditions of treatments (e.g. low temperature and moisture) can slow down the degradation process and be responsible for the presence of microplastics in the end-product. The methodology consists of an initial oxidation step, with hydrogen peroxide 35% concentrated to clear the sludge and remove the organic fraction, followed by a combination of flotation with sodium chloride and observation of the residues under a fluorescence microscope using a green filter. The workflow revealed an efficacy of removal from 94% to 100% and from 92% to 96% for plastic fragments, 0.5–2 mm and 0.1–0.5 mm size, respectively. The methodology was then applied to samples of food waste pulp harvested after a shredding pre-treatment in an anaerobic digestion (AD) plant in Italy, where polyethylene, starch-based Mater-Bi® and cellophane microplastics were recovered in amounts of 9 ± 1.3/10 g <2 mm and 4.8 ± 1.2/10 g ⩾2 mm. The study highlights the need to lower the threshold size for the quantification of plastics in organic fertilizers, which is currently set by legislations at 2 mm, by improving the background knowledge about the fate of the micro-(bio)plastics in biological treatments for the organic waste.

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