Risk Factors Associated with Lifespan in Pet Dogs Evaluated in Primary Care Veterinary Hospitals

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvan R. Urfer ◽  
Mansen Wang ◽  
Mingyin Yang ◽  
Elizabeth M. Lund ◽  
Sandra L. Lefebvre
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Pet Dogs ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Dental Scaling ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽  
Purebred Dogs ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT The objective of this population-based retrospective cohort study was to identify factors associated with lifespan in pet dogs evaluated at primary care veterinary hospitals. Dogs ≥3 mo of age that visited any of 787 US hospitals at least twice from January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2012, were included. Survival curves were constructed for dogs by reproductive status, breed, body size, and purebreed (versus mixed-breed) status. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression was performed to identify factors associated with lifespan. There were 2,370,078 dogs included in the study, of whom 179,466 (7.6%) died during the study period. Mixed-breed dogs lived significantly longer than purebred dogs, and this difference was more pronounced as body size increased. Controlling for other factors, dogs of either sex had a greater hazard of death over the study follow-up period if sexually intact rather than gonadectomized. For dogs who lived to 2 yr of age, the hazard of death decreased with increasing frequency of dental scaling. Our findings support previous reports of the impact of body size and gonadectomy on lifespan and provide new evidence in support of ultrasonic dental scaling and mixed breeding.

scholarly journals Primary Care Consultations after Hospitalisation for Pneumonia: A Large Population-based Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
pp. BJGP.2020.0890
Author(s):  
Vadsala Baskaran ◽  
Fiona Pearce ◽  
Rowan H Harwood ◽  
Tricia McKeever ◽  
Wei Shen Lim
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Clinical Practice Research Datalink ◽  
Respiratory Disorder ◽  
The Impact

Background: Up to 70% of patients report ongoing symptoms four weeks after hospitalisation for pneumonia, and the impact on primary care is poorly understood. Aim: To investigate the frequency of primary care consultations after hospitalisation for pneumonia, and the reasons for consultation. Design: Population-based cohort study. Setting: UK primary care database of anonymised medical records (Clinical Practice Research Datalink, CPRD) linked to Hospital Episode Statistics (HES), England. Methods: Adults with the first ICD-10 code for pneumonia (J12-J18) recorded in HES between July 2002-June 2017 were included. Primary care consultation within 30 days of discharge was identified as the recording of any medical Read code (excluding administration-related codes) in CPRD. Competing-risks regression analyses were conducted to determine the predictors of consultation and antibiotic use at consultation; death and readmission were competing events. Reasons for consultation were examined. Results: Of 56,396 adults, 55.9% (n=31,542) consulted primary care within 30 days of discharge. The rate of consultation was highest within 7 days (4.7 per 100 person-days). The strongest predictor for consultation was a higher number of primary care consultations in the year prior to index admission (adjusted sHR 8.98, 95% CI 6.42-12.55). The commonest reason for consultation was for a respiratory disorder (40.7%, n=12,840), 12% for pneumonia specifically. At consultation, 31.1% (n=9,823) received further antibiotics. Penicillins (41.6%, n=5,753) and macrolides (21.9%, n=3,029) were the commonest antibiotics prescribed. Conclusion: Following hospitalisation for pneumonia, a significant proportion of patients consulted primary care within 30 days, highlighting the morbidity experienced by patients during recovery from pneumonia.

Patterns of Care in a Random Population-Based Sample of Patients Diagnosed with Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 85-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dierdre P. Cronin ◽  
Linda C. Harlan ◽  
Limin X. Clegg ◽  
Jennifer L. Stevens ◽  
Gigi Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
T Cell ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Histological Subtypes ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The advent of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies has enhanced the efficacy of NHL treatment. In recent years, these immuno-therapies have been increasingly used in therapy. We conducted a population-based study of NHL treatment practices in the US using a stratified random sample of patients diagnosed in 1999 with histologically confirmed NHL (n=939) residing in the geographic areas covered by the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results program. Blacks and Hispanics were over-sampled to obtain more stable estimates. Patients were followed for vital status through Dec 2001. We performed separate logistic regression analyses to study the potential factors associated with the likelihood of receiving chemotherapy, radiation therapy and the monoclonal antibody, Rituximab. Cox Proportional Hazards regression model was used to study the risk factors associated with survival time. We grouped histological subtypes into five broad categories: B-cell aggressive, B-cell indolent, T-cell generic, cutaneous T-cell, and mantle cell lymphomas. The majority of patients presented with B-cell aggressive or B-cell indolent lymphomas (n=828). Approximately 20% of patients received no therapy. Over 60% of patients received chemotherapy, either alone or in combination. 12% of patients received Rituximab and it was most frequently administered to patients in combination with chemotherapy, especially for patients with B-cell aggressive, B-cell indolent and T-cell generic lymphomas. Only 3% of patients participated in clinical trials. Age and gender were associated with the receipt of chemotherapy: people aged over 75 years, and males were less likely to have received chemotherapy (P=0.01). There were no significant associations between the likelihood of receiving Rituximab and the demographic and clinical factors analyzed. However, our results suggested that African-Americans and people aged over 75 years were less likely to have received immunotherapy. Twenty-four percent of patients received radiation with or without another therapy. When compared to patients with no symptoms at presentation, patients who presented with B-symptoms at diagnosis or those whose B-symptoms were unknown were less likely to have received radiation therapy (OR=0.32 and 0.47 respectively, P=0.0002). Approximately 50% of patients had died by the end of maximum the 3-year follow-up period. Both cause-specific and all-cause mortality was significantly associated with patient age, race/ethnicity, gender, marital status and co-morbid conditions, as well as histological subgroup. Hispanic and Black patients had higher risk of death from both NHL and all-cause (P<0.01) than their non-Hispanic white counterparts. Patients > 75 years, male patients, unmarried patients, or patients with B-symptoms had higher risk of death from either NHL or all-cause (p<0.01). This paper is the first population-based study examining the receipt of therapy for many histological subtypes of NHL. Future work will examine the impact of treatment on survival.

scholarly journals Advanced Access scheduling in general practice and use of primary care: a Danish population-based matched cohort study

BJGP Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. bjgpopen20X101091
Author(s):  
Maria Bang ◽  
Henrik Schou Pedersen ◽  
Bodil Hammer Bech ◽  
Claus Høstrup Vestergaard ◽  
Jannik Falhof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Matched Cohort ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Matched Cohort Study ◽  
Adjusted Incidence Rate ◽  
Advanced Access ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundAdvanced access scheduling (AAS) allows patients to receive care from their GP at the time chosen by the patient. AAS has shown to increase the accessibility to general practice, but little is known about how AAS implementation affects the use of in-hours and out-of-hours (OOH) services.AimTo describe the impact of AAS on the use of in-hours and OOH services in primary care.Design & settingA population-based matched cohort study using Danish register data.MethodA total of 161 901 patients listed in 33 general practices with AAS were matched with 287 837 reference patients listed in 66 reference practices without AAS. Outcomes of interest were use of daytime face-to-face consultations, and use of OOH face-to-face and phone consultations in a 2-year period preceding and following AAS implementation.ResultsNo significant differences were seen between AAS practices and reference practices. During the year following AAS implementation, the number of daytime face-to-face consultations was 3% (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR] = 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.99 to 1.07) higher in the AAS practices compared with the number in the reference practices. Patients listed with an AAS practice had 2% (aIRR = 0.98; 95% CI = 0.92 to 1.04) fewer OOH phone consultations and 6% (aIRR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.86 to 1.02) fewer OOH face-to-face consultations compared with patients listed with a reference practice.ConclusionThis study showed no significant differences following AAS implementation. However, a trend was seen towards slightly higher use of daytime primary care and lower use of OOH primary care.

scholarly journals CMET-42. USE OF STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY AND OUTCOMES FOLLOWING RADIOTHERAPY FOR BRAIN METASTASES IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY LUNG CANCER – AN AUSTRALIAN POPULATION-BASED STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi60-vi61
Author(s):  
Wee Loon Ong ◽  
Morikatsu Wada ◽  
Farshad Foroudi
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Stereotactic Radiosurgery ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Primary Lung Cancer ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
The Impact

Abstract INTRODUCTION We aim to evaluate the use of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) among lung cancer (LC) patients who received radiotherapy (RT) for brain metastases (BM), and the associated outcomes. METHODS This is a population-based cohort of LC patients who received RT for BM between 2013 and 2016, as captured in the Victorian Radiotherapy Minimum Dataset. Brain RT was classified as SRS (including multi-fraction stereotactic RT) and non-SRS. Mortality data was captured through data linkage with the Victorian Cancer Registry (VCR). The primary outcomes were: proportion of patients who had SRS for BM, and overall survival (OS) following brain RT. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with SRS use. Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate OS. Multivariable Cox regression was used to evaluate factors associated with OS. RESULTS 1,002 LC patients were included in the study. 1,395 courses of RT for BM were delivered, of which one quarter (362/1,395) were SRS. Almost all SRS were delivered in metropolitan centres (347/362), and two-third in public institutions (235/362). In multivariate logistic regressions, increasing age (OR=0.91;95%CI=0.82–0.99;P=0.04) and treatment in regional centres (OR=0.13;95%CI=0.06–0.28;P< 0.001) were independently associated with lower likelihood of SRS use. Median follow-up was 3.3 months (IQR=1.3–7.8 months). 876 deaths were observed with 12-month OS of 16%. The 12-month OS for patients who had SRS were 38% vs. 12% in patient did not have SRS (P< 0.001). In multivariable Cox regressions, the use of SRS (HR=0.44,95%CI=0.37–0.54;P< 0.001) and female (HR=0.76;95%CI=0.67–0.87;P< 0.001) were associated with improved OS, while increasing age was associated with worse OS (HR=1.02;95%CI=1.01–1.03;P< 0.001). CONCLUSION This is the largest Australian study reporting on SRS use for BM in LC patients. We observed geographical variations in SRS use. We believe the impact of SRS use on OS is most likely due to patient selection for SRS.

scholarly journals Common infections, mental health problems and healthcare use in people with inflammatory bowel disease: a cohort study protocol

2020 ◽  
pp. ebmental-2020-300167
Author(s):  
Peter Irving ◽  
Kevin Barrett ◽  
Daniel Tang ◽  
Monica Nijher ◽  
Simon de Lusignan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Healthcare Use ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Common Infections

IntroductionPeople with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of pneumonia and herpes zoster, yet other common infection types have not been explored. Anxiety and depression are more prevalent in IBD; however, the impact of these conditions on primary care healthcare use in IBD is not known.Methods and analysisWe will perform two retrospective studies using a large English population-based primary care cohort to compare the following outcomes in people with IBD and matched controls: incident infections (Study 1) and prevalent mental health problems and healthcare use, overall and in those with and without mental health problems (Study 2). All adults registered with general practices contributing to Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre database between 1 January 2014 and 1 January 2019 are eligible. Infection outcomes comprise the incidence of common infections (upper respiratory tract infections, pneumonia, acute bronchitis, influenza and influenza-like illnesses, skin infections, herpes simplex and herpes zoster infections, genital infections, urinary tract infections and gastrointestinal infections) and any viral infection. Mental health and healthcare use outcomes are: prevalence of depressive episodes; anxiety episodes; recurrent depression; rates of primary care and emergency secondary care visits; primary-care issued sick notes (reflecting time off work). Analyses will be adjusted for sociodemographic factors recorded in the primary care record.DiscussionThese studies will quantify the infection risk in IBD, the excess burden of anxiety and depression in a population-based IBD cohort, and the impact of mental health conditions on healthcare use and time off work. Greater understanding and awareness of infection risk and common mental health issues will benefit people with IBD and healthcare practitioners and will guide policy makers as allocation of resource may be guided by the real-world information produced by these studies.Trial registration numberNCT03836612.

scholarly journals Body size perception, knowledge about obesity and factors associated with lifestyle change among patients, health care professionals and public health experts

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginija Zelenytė ◽  
Leonas Valius ◽  
Auksė Domeikienė ◽  
Rita Gudaitytė ◽  
Žilvinas Endzinas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Size Perception ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Body Size Perception ◽  
Current Weight ◽  
Health Experts

Abstract Background The attitudes towards obesity may have an important role on healthier behavior. The goal of the present study was to explore the attitudes towards obesity and to investigate how these attitudes were associated with lifestyle-changing behavior among the patients attending primary care centers, health care professionals and public health experts. Methods This cross-sectional survey study was performed in 10 primary care offices in different regions in Lithuania and in 2 public health institutions. Nine hundred thirty-four patients, 97 nurses, 65 physicians and 30 public health experts have filled the questionnaire about attitudes towards obesity and presented data about lifestyle-changing activities during last 12 months. The attitudes were compared between different respondent groups and factors associated with healthier behaviors were analyzed among overweight/obese individuals in our study population. Results Participants failed to visually recognize correct figure corresponding to male and female with obesity. Majority of respondents’ perceived obesity as a risk factor for heart diseases and diabetes but had less knowledge about other diseases associated with weight. About one third of respondents changed their lifestyle during last 12 months. Overweight individuals with age < 45 years (OR 1.64, 1.06–2.55; p = 0.025) were more likely and those who overestimated current weight (OR 0.44, 0.20–0.96; p = 0.036) less likely to change their lifestyle. Disappointment with their current weight (OR 2.57, 1.36–4.84; p = 0.003) was associated with healthier behavior among participants with obesity. Conclusion Participants had similar body size perception and knowledge about obesity. Younger age had significant association with lifestyle changing behavior among overweight individuals and disappointment with current weight among obese participants.

scholarly journals Aggressive behaviour is affected by demographic, environmental and behavioural factors in purebred dogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salla Mikkola ◽  
Milla Salonen ◽  
Jenni Puurunen ◽  
Emma Hakanen ◽  
Sini Sulkama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Pet Dogs ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Hereditary Factors ◽  
Behavioural Factors ◽  
Purebred Dogs

AbstractAggressive behaviour is an unwanted and serious problem in pet dogs, negatively influencing canine welfare, management and public acceptance. We aimed to identify demographic and environmental factors associated with aggressive behaviour toward people in Finnish purebred pet dogs. We collected behavioural data from 13,715 dogs with an owner-completed online questionnaire. Here we used a dataset of 9270 dogs which included 1791 dogs with frequent aggressive behaviour toward people and 7479 dogs without aggressive behaviour toward people. We studied the effect of several explanatory variables on aggressive behaviour with multiple logistic regression. Several factors increased the probability of aggressive behaviour toward people: older age, being male, fearfulness, small body size, lack of conspecific company, and being the owner’s first dog. The probability of aggressive behaviour also differed between breeds. These results replicate previous studies and suggest that improvements in the owner education and breeding practices could alleviate aggressive behaviour toward people while genetic studies could reveal associated hereditary factors.

scholarly journals Gastroesophageal reflux disease and functional dyspepsia: What is the real burden on health-related quality of life?

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 412-416
Author(s):  
Tamara Babic ◽  
Igor Dragicevic ◽  
Aleksandar Corac ◽  
Goran Trajkovic ◽  
Luka Nikolic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Functional Dyspepsia ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Population Based ◽  
General Internists ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Significant Impairment ◽  
The Impact

Introduction/Objective. Recently published studies have addressed the significant impairment of healthrelated quality of life (HRQoL) in patients suffering from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and functional dyspepsia (FD). To the best of our knowledge, none of the previously published studies have compared the impact of GERD and FD on HRQoL. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of GERD and FD on HRQoL. Methods. The current sample was extrapolated from a large cross-sectional population-based study conducted in primary health care facilities. Primary care physicians and general internists diagnosed GERD according to the Montreal definition for population-based studies. Also, primary care physicians and general internists diagnosed FD based on the Rome III criteria. The Serbian version of the generic self-administered Center for Disease Control and Prevention questionnaire was used. We used the propensity score method to match GERD and FD samples on variables such as age, gender, education, and adherence to therapy. Results. Regarding self-rated health, similar results were obtained from both groups. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention HRQoL questionnaire version 4 further revealed that functional dyspepsia led to greater disturbances of every-day functioning in regard to the criteria of physically healthy, mentally healthy, and activity limitation days. Conclusion. The results of the study have shown significant impairment of HRQoL in both groups, but, surprisingly, patients with FD experienced more limitations to their every-day functioning compared to patients with GERD.

scholarly journals Metachronous Contralateral Testicular Cancer in the Cisplatin Era: A Population-Based Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
pp. JCO.20.02713
Author(s):  
Ragnhild Hellesnes ◽  
Tor Åge Myklebust ◽  
Roy M. Bremnes ◽  
Ása Karlsdottir ◽  
Øivind Kvammen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Testicular Cancer ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Treatment Intensity ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
General Male Population ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽  
The Impact

PURPOSE It is hypothesized that cisplatin-based chemotherapy (CBCT) reduces the occurrence of metachronous contralateral (second) germ cell testicular cancer (TC). However, studies including treatment details are lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the second TC risk, emphasizing the impact of previous TC treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS Based on the Cancer Registry of Norway, 5,620 men were diagnosed with first TC between 1980 and 2009. Treatment data regarding TC were retrieved from medical records. Cumulative incidences of second TC were estimated, and standardized incidence ratios were calculated. The effect of treatment intensity was investigated using Cox proportional hazard regression. RESULTS Median follow-up was 18.0 years, during which 218 men were diagnosed with a second TC after median 6.2 years. Overall, the 20-year crude cumulative incidence was 4.0% (95% CI, 3.5 to 4.6), with lower incidence after chemotherapy (CT) (3.2%; 95% CI, 2.5 to 4.0) than after surgery only (5.4%; 95% CI, 4.2 to 6.8). The second TC incidence was also lower for those age ≥ 30 years (2.8%; 95% CI, 2.3 to 3.4) at first TC diagnosis than those age < 30 years (6.0%; 95% CI, 5.0 to 7.1). Overall, the second TC risk was 13-fold higher compared with the risk of developing TC in the general male population (standardized incidence ratio, 13.1; 95% CI, 11.5 to 15.0). With surgery only as reference, treatment with CT significantly reduced the second TC risk (hazard ratio [HR], 0.55). For each additional CBCT cycle administered, the second TC risk decreased significantly after three, four, and more than four cycles (HRs, 0.53, 0.41, and 0.21, respectively). CONCLUSION Age at first TC diagnosis and treatment intensity influenced the second TC risk, with significantly reduced risks after more than two CBCT cycles.

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