scholarly journals Bioclimatic diagnosis for poultry in municipalities of Mato Grosso, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-71
Author(s):  
Pedro Hurtado de Mendoza Borges ◽  
Zaíra Morais dos Santos Hurtado De Mendoza ◽  
Pedro Hurtado de Mendoza Morais ◽  
Charles Esteffan Cavalcante
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Thermal Discomfort ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Average Relative Humidity ◽  
Poultry Farming

This study aimed to determine the enthalpy index in three municipalities of Mato Grosso, to characterize the bioclimatic profile for the poultry industry. In the research, the compensated daily dry bulb temperature and the daily average relative humidity were used. The data corresponding to a historical series of 35 years, between 01/01/1985 and 12/31/2020, recorded in conventional meteorological stations in the municipalities of Canarana, Nova Xavantina, and Santo Antônio de Leverger, available in the Meteorological Database for Teaching and Research of the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET). Then, monthly descriptive statistics of the historical series were determined and bar plot graphs with enthalpy values were developed. These graphs included the lower and upper enthalpy limits, suitable for laying hens and broilers, to qualify the thermal conditions of environmental comfort in the three municipalities of Mato Grosso. It was concluded that the enthalpy index made it possible to characterize the bioclimatic profile of the mentioned municipalities for poultry farming, according to the months of the year. The natural thermal conditions in these municipalities were not favorable to poultry farming, requiring extra investments in the air conditioning of the sheds. The increase in thermal discomfort for broilers was accentuated from the fourth week of the production cycle. The applied methodology presented itself as an adequate tool to assist in the elaboration of projects related to environmental changes in aviaries.

scholarly journals Thermal comfort control via air conditioning system using fuzzy neural network feedback controller

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 586
Author(s):  
Somaye A. Mohamadi ◽  
Abdulraheem J. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Fuzzy Controller ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

<span>Despite their complexity and uncertainty, air conditioning systems should provide the optimal thermal conditions in a building. These controller systems should be adaptable to changes in environmental parameters. In most air conditioning systems, today, there are On/Off controllers or PID in more advanced types, which, due to different environmental conditions, are not optimal and cannot provide the optimal environmental conditions. Controlling thermal comfort of an air conditioning system requires estimation of thermal comfort index. In this study, fuzzy controller was used to provide thermal comfort in an air conditioning system, and neural network was used to estimate thermal comfort in the feedback path of the controller. Fuzzy controller has a good response given the non-linear features of air conditioning systems. In addition, the neural network makes it possible to use thermal comfort feedback in a real-time control.</span>

scholarly journals Model rainfall-runoff in the constraints Amazon

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Bruno Henrique Casavecchia ◽  
Frederico Terra de Almeida ◽  
Adilson Pacheco de Souza ◽  
Cornélio Alberto Zolin ◽  
Eduardo Morgan Uliana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Hydrologic Models ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Sample Methodology ◽  
Central Data

The aim of this study was based on different samples of settings for calibration and validation of IPH II model, using limited historical series of data of daily average water flow registered in Caiabi river hydrologic basin, a tributary stream of Teles Pires river- Mato Grosso. The total area of the study location is 440.98 km2, and there were installed three meteorological automatic stations for climate monitoring, and one linigraph in the basin end for monitoring the altimetric quotas and also to estimate the daily water flow of the river. The precipitation data, evapotranspiration and water flow used to feed the IPH II model were collected between 09/18/2015 and 04/30/2016, using sixty percent of the initial historical data to calibrate and forty percent to validate the model has shown better statistic performance, however rearranging the data and establishing the sixty percent of the central data for the calibration was verified that there was an increase in the statistical performance of the model making the simulations of the IPH II model were successful. It was indicated by the results that the sample methodology for calibration of hydrologic models can bring substantial improvement to the performance

Analysis of the influence of cooling jets on the wind and thermal environment in football stadiums in hot climates

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangliang Zhong ◽  
John K Calautit ◽  
Ben R Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Outdoor Temperature ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Wind Environment ◽  
The Spectator

After winning the bid of the FIFA’s World Cup 2022, Qatar is facing the greatest challenges in terms of minimizing substantial energy consumptions for air-conditioning of stadiums and maintaining aero-thermal comfort for both players and spectators inside stadiums. This paper presents the results of temperature distributions and wind environment of the original stadium under the hot-humid climate and improvements on them for optimized scenarios of cooling jets. A combined computational fluid dynamics and building energy simulation approach was used to analyse the cooling performance and energy consumption per match of cooling air jets for 10 scenarios with different supply velocities, supply temperatures and locations of jets. The optimal scenario is to employ vertical jets above the upper tiers at supply temperature of 20°C and velocities of 2–12 m/s, integrated with horizontal jets of the same temperature at the lower tiers with 4 m/s and around the pitch with 7 m/s. This scenario can maintain the spectator tiers at an average temperature of 22°C and reduce the maximum predicted percentage of dissatisfied of thermal comfort from the original 100% to 63% for the pitch and 19% for the tiers, respectively. In terms of the energy consumption for the air-conditioning system per match, compared with one of the 2010 South Africa World Cup stadiums Royal Bafokeng stadium which consumed approximately 22.8 MWh energy for air-conditioning in winter (highest outdoor temperature 24.4°C), the maximum energy consumption of the optimal scenario in November (highest outdoor temperature 34.2°C) can reach 108 MWh. In addition, the spectator zones with scenario 8 have the potential to be resilient to the seasonal change of outdoor temperature if slight modifications of the supply velocities and precise temperature control on the spectator zones are applied. Moreover, the configurations presented in this paper can be used as a foundation of jets arrangement for future stadium retrofits in the hot climates. Practical application: This study assesses the aero-thermal conditions of a case study stadium under the hot climate of Qatar and explores the potential of applying cooling jets with different supply velocities, supply temperatures and their locations on the enhancement of both thermal and wind environment of spectator tiers and pitch. The assessment of the original stadium indicates that the ascending curved roof structure impedes the fresh air entering into the stadium and results in an asymmetric temperature distribution on the spectator tiers. The optimized design suggests a combination of vertical jets under the roof and both three arrays of horizontal jets at lower tiers and around pitch for future stadium optimizations in hot climates. It also recommends enhancing the thermal conditions on the pitch by optimizing the velocity of horizontal jets around the pitch. Moreover, the future design of the exact stadiums to be resilient to the seasonal changing outdoor temperature can be implemented based on scenario 8.

scholarly journals Gene expression responses to thermal shifts in the endangered lichen Lobaria pulmonaria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Chavarria Pizarro ◽  
Philipp Resl ◽  
Aleksandar Janjic ◽  
Silke Werth
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Strong Response ◽  
Lobaria Pulmonaria ◽  
Green Algal

Anthropogenic climate change has led to unprecedented shifts in temperature across many ecosystems. In a context of rapid environmental changes, acclimation is an important process as it may influence the capacity of organisms to survive under novel thermal conditions. Mechanisms of acclimation could involve upregulation of stress response genes involved in protein folding, DNA damage repair and the regulation of signal transduction genes, along with a simultaneous downregulation of genes involved in growth or cell cycle, in order to maintain cellular functions and equilibria. We transplanted Lobaria pulmonaria lichens originating from different forests to determine the relative effects of long-term acclimation and genetic factors on the variability in expression of mycobiont and photobiont genes. We found a strong response of mycobiont and photobiont to high temperatures, regardless of sample origin. The green-algal photobiont had an overall lower response than the mycobiont. The gene expression of both symbionts was also influenced by acclimation to transplantation sites and by genetic factors. Lobaria pulmonaria seems to have evolved powerful molecular pathways to deal with environmental fluctuations and stress and can acclimate to new habitats by transcriptomic convergence. Although L. pulmonaria has the molecular machinery to counteract short-term thermal stress, survival of lichens like L. pulmonaria depends mostly on their long-term positive carbon balance, which can be compromised by warmer temperatures and reduced precipitation, and both these outcomes have been predicted for Central Europe in connection with global climate change

scholarly journals Enthalpy thematic map interpolated with spline method for management of broiler chicken production

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália C. da Silva ◽  
Rodrigo C. Santos ◽  
Rafael Zucca ◽  
Luciano O. Geisenhoff ◽  
Rafaela S. Cesca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Spline Method ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Thematic Map ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Thermal Cooling ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

ABSTRACT Owing to the exponential growth of the human population and problems related to food supply, research focused on finding the most suitable approach to manage and geographically explore the environment using sustainable technologies stand out. The present study aims to produce a consistent interpolation of historical series of enthalpy (H) resulting in a thematic map of enthalpy, using the spline method as a kriging option in areas with few sampling points. The thematic map considers thermal comfort conditions to produce broiler chickens, that could be used as a management tool to reduce power consumption due to the cooling process of the facilities. It was verified that spline is an efficient method to create a suitable thematic maps representations of areas presenting a few sampled units. The geographical representation of enthalpy allowed the evaluation of the environments, concluding that the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil is inadequate for broiler chickens production without suitable thermal cooling systems. Evidence suggests introduction of aviculture in areas still unexplored, e.g., Chapadão do Sul and Sete Quedas.

scholarly journals PRECIPITAÇÃO PROVÁVEL MENSAL E ANUAL PARA O ESTADO DO PARÁ

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-261
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Otávio Rodrigues de Melo Souza ◽  
Eduardo Felipe Nunes Costa ◽  
Adriano Kazuhiro Shinomiya ◽  
Joaquim Alves Lima Júnior ◽  
Joanne Moraes de Melo Souza
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Gamma Function ◽  
The State ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Rainfall Frequency ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov

PRECIPITAÇÃO PROVÁVEL MENSAL E ANUAL PARA O ESTADO DO PARÁ     RODRIGO OTÁVIO RODRIGUES DE MELO SOUZA1; EDUARDO FELIPE NUNES COSTA2; ADRIANO KAZUHIRO SHINOMIYA3; JOAQUIM ALVES LIMA JÚNIOR4 E JOANNE MORAES DE MELO SOUZA5   1 Professor Associado, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Av. Pres. Tancredo Neves nº 2501, Belém-PA, [email protected] 2 Discente de graduação em Agronomia, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Av. Pres. Tancredo Neves nº 2501, Belém-PA, [email protected] 3 Discente de graduação em Agronomia, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Av. Pres. Tancredo Neves nº 2501, Belém-PA, [email protected] 4 Professor Adjunto, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, campus Capanema, Rua João Pessoa nº 121, Capanema-PA, [email protected] 5 Professora Adjunta, Instituto Socioambiental e dos Recursos Hídricos, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Av. Pres. Tancredo Neves nº 2501, Belém-PA, [email protected]     1 RESUMO   Em função da carência na literatura de informações hidrológicas que possam contribuir para o desenvolvimento de uma agricultura sustentável no Pará e considerando a hipótese de que seja possível representar a distribuição de frequência das precipitações através da função Gama, o presente trabalho teve o objetivo de ajustar as distribuições de frequência das precipitações de localidades do estado do Pará e a partir destas determinar e espacializar as precipitações mensais e anuais prováveis, a um nível de 75% de probabilidade (P75%). As precipitações diárias foram obtidas no banco de dados da Agência Nacional de Águas (153 estações pluviométricas). Foram elaboradas 1.836 séries históricas de precipitações mensais e 153 séries de precipitações anuais. A determinação da precipitação provável foi realizada por meio da distribuição Gama, aprovada pelo teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov em 98,1% das séries históricas. Somente séries mensais foram reprovadas no teste. As P75% foram devidamente espacializadas no estado do Pará e as maiores precipitações concentraram-se na região nordeste com destaque para o litoral do estado e a região próxima ao município de Portel. Na região sudeste do Pará pôde-se observar que as localidades próximas às divisas com Tocantins e Mato-Grosso permanecem durante cinco meses com predominância de P75% menores do que 50 mm. As precipitações prováveis do estado do Pará foram devidamente estimadas e espacializadas, e considerando que a maioria das séries analisadas foram aprovadas no teste de aderência, pode-se afirmar que a função Gama pode ser utilizada para representar a distribuição de frequência das precipitações do estado do Pará.   Palavras-chave: chuva, probabilidade, função Gama     SOUZA, R. O. R. DE M.; COSTA, E. F. N.; SHINOMIYA, A. K.; LIMA JÚNIOR, J. A. E SOUZA, J. M. DE M. PROBABLE MONTHLY AND ANNUAL RAINFALL FOR THE STATE OF PARÁ, BRAZIL     2 ABSTRACT   Considering the scarcity of hydrological information in the literature that may contribute to the development of sustainable irrigated agriculture in Pará and considering the hypothesis that it is possible to represent rainfall frequency distribution through the Gamma function, the present study aimed at adjusting rainfall frequency distributions of localities in Pará state (Brazil) and, based on them,  determine and spatialize problable monthly and annual rainfall, with 75% probability. Daily rainfall data were obtained in National Water Agency (ANA) database (153 pluviometric stations). 1,836 historical series of monthly rainfall and 153 annual rainfall series were made. The estimate of probable precipitation was made by Gamma function and this model was approved by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test in 98.1% of the historical series. Only monthly series failed in the test. The P75% were adequately specialized in Pará state, and the highest rainfall are concentrated in the northeast region with emphasis on the coast of the state and the region near the city of Portel. In the southeast of Pará it was observed that the areas close to Tocantins and Mato Grosso states stayed during five months with predominance of P75% smaller than 50 mm. The probable rainfall of Pará state were adequately estimated and spatialized and the Gamma function can be used to represent therainfall frequency distribution in Pará State, considering that most of the historical series were approved in adherence test.   Keywords: rain, probability, Gamma function  

scholarly journals CONFORTO TÉRMICO E DESEMPENHO DE POEDEIRAS NA FASE INICIAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-394
Author(s):  
Fabiana Terezinha Leal de Morais ◽  
José Pinheiro Lopes Neto ◽  
Adriana Maria dos Santos ◽  
Patrício Gomes Leite ◽  
Raissa Gonçalves Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
Black Globe Temperature ◽  
Poultry Farming

CONFORTO TÉRMICO E DESEMPENHO DE POEDEIRAS NA FASE INICIAL   FABIANA TEREZINHA LEAL DE MORAIS1, JOSÉ PINHEIRO LOPES NETO2, ADRIANA MARIA DOS SANTOS3, PATRÍCIO GOMES LEITE4, RAISSA GONÇALVES CAVALCANTI5   1Doutoranda em Engenharia Agrícola: Lacra, UFCG, Avenida Assis Chateaubriand, 101, Liberdade,58414-060, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil. [email protected]. 2 Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola: Lacra, UFCG, R. Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, 58428-830, Campina Grande, Paraíba, [email protected]. 3 Mestra em Engenharia Agrícola: Lacra, UFCG, R. Alencar Pires de almeida, 07 – Centro, 58748-000, Água Branca, Paraíba, [email protected]. 4 Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola: Lacra, UFCG, R. Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, 58428-830, Campina Grande, Paraíba, [email protected] 5 Mestra em Engenharia Agrícola: Lacra, UFCG, R. Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, 58428-830, Campina Grande, Paraíba, [email protected].   RESUMO: Tendo em vista a importância do conforto térmico na avicultura de postura no Brasil, o objetivo geral destapesquisa foi avaliar o conforto térmico no galpão (pinteiro), localizado em uma granja comercial no município de Cuité (PB). A avaliação foi realizada com base nos dados de Índice da Temperatura do Globo Negro e Umidade (ITGU), avaliando o desempenho das pintainhas relacionado ao ganho de peso e as coletas de dados foram realizadas diariamente.Foi utilizado um galpão destinado para a fase de cria para aves da linhagem Lohmann LSL no período da terceira semana para desenvolvimento das aves, avaliando os valores de ITGU e comparando àqueles indicados pela literatura. Como resultados, observamos que foi possível manter as faixas de conforto térmicas bem próximas ao recomendado, e o ganho de peso mantiveram-se abaixo do indicado pelo manual da linhagem, os animais submetidos a condições térmicas adversas apresentaram menor ganho de peso.   Palavras-chave: ambiência, conforto térmico, ganho de peso.   THERMAL COMFORT AND POISER PERFORMANCE IN THE INITIAL PHASE (CRIA)   ABSTRACT: Considering the importance of thermal comfort in poultry farming in Brazil. The aim of this research was to evaluate the thermal comfort in the shed (pestle), located in a commercial farm in the municipality of Cuité - PB. The evaluation was performed based on the data of air temperature (ºC), relative humidity of the air (%), the black globe temperature for determination of the Black Globe Temperature and Humidity Index (ITGU). Weight gain on chicks and data collection were performed daily. The shed for the breeding phase of the Lohmann LSL line was used in the third week for bird development, evaluating the ITGU values and comparing to those indicated in the literature, we observed that it was possible to keep the thermal comfort bands very close to the recommended one, and the weight gain remained distant to that indicated by the lineage manual, the animals submitted to adverse thermal conditions showed less weight gain.   Keywords: ambience, thermal comfort, weight gain.

scholarly journals Adaptive ability of the poultry and its importance in the selection of animals

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (84) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Paskevych ◽  
A. V. Hunchak ◽  
L. M. Fialovych
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Polygenic Inheritance ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Poultry Farming

An important property of living organisms is the ability to adapt to the influence ofthe externalfactors that is constant adaptation to environmental changes, while preserving the constancy of the internal environment. At the present levelof thedevelopment of poultry farming in agro farms of different types, the choice of the most adaptive and competitive breeds and crossbreds of the poultry in the production of eggs and meat is of great importance. Farm animals are affected by various external factors such as technology of keeping, production, veterinary and prophylactic and zootechnical measures. According to various scientific sources, a significant number of poultry crosses are used in Ukraine, mainly for the selection of leading firms in the USA, Canada, and Western Europe (foreign breeds in Ukraine account about 80% of the total poultry population). They provide a high degree of implementation of the genetic productivity potential, butunder rather controlled, almost climatic conditions of keeping and feeding. At the same time, they are very responsive to changing of environment when used in the conditions of the breeding and commodity enterprises of Ukraine. This is due to the fact that the main economic-useful signs of the bird (bearing, weight of eggs, reproductive qualities) have polygenic inheritance and, accordingly, have a small fate of additivity of the operating genes. Therefore, in the new conditions of exploitation of cross-breeds of foreign selection on the indicated signs there is a significant influence of interaction «genotype × environment», which reduces the combinational ability of the family farms and, accordingly, manifestation of the heterosys effect. To preserve the structure of the cross, adaptation of the original family forms to the specific conditions of the poultry holdings is necessary, and then the implementation of supporting selection during mass selection of repair young animals. It should be taken into account that the suitability of imported lines, family forms or final bird hybrids is limited to the limits of their physiological response, since their heredity is formed in the conditions of the country where they are bred. The problem of adaptation of poultry in the conditions of industrial poultry farming is constantly relevant. The intensification of the industry leads to the new adaptation factors, in particular, different technological conditions for repair young animals and adult herds, changes in the recipes of feed and the quality of their components in other regions, the movement of poultry, stresses and so on. At the present, it is important to take into account both adaptive responses, acclimatization capacity of poultry and other animals imported from abroad, and selection according to the indicators of the reaction of the body for different methods of their study. In this regard, it is advisable to use crosses that have high adaptive capabilities.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of Thermal Conditions in the Subboreal Inferred from Isotopic Studies of Groundwater and Calcareous Tufa from the Spring Mire Cupola in Wardzyń (Central Poland)

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Gruszczyński ◽  
Jerzy Małecki ◽  
Anastasiia Romanova ◽  
Maciej Ziułkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Calcareous Tufa ◽  
Isotopic Studies ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Cool Climate

Studies with application of stable isotopes of oxygen and carbon have been performed on calcareous tufa, groundwater and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from the spring mire cupola in Wardzyń. This study was focused on the verification of the a priori hypothesis that the analysed calcareous tufa is a chemical deposit and on the attempt to supplement an earlier scenario of environmental changes in the Subboreal with oscillations of water temperature. The constructed model of chemical and isotope balance, and δ13C determinations in DIC, allowed for calculating ratios of stable isotopes of carbon in particular speciations and in gaseous CO2. The obtained results coupled with δ13C values in calcite indicate that this mineral precipitated from the solution chemically (without the contribution of living organisms). Additionally, it was possible to reconstruct the temperature range at which the calcareous tufa was formed. The reconstructed scenario of changes in the thermal conditions was refined based on δ18O determinations in groundwater and calcite. Accordingly, the oldest calcareous tufa, with an age of about 5500 cal years BP, was formed in cool climate conditions (with average annual temperatures by about 3 °C lower than presently). The formation of younger series of the calcareous tufa took place between 4400–2900 cal years BP and represents a much warmer period with two distinct cooler episodes at 3900 and 3000 cal years BP, respectively. The course of the obtained temperature curves correlates well with the GISP2 curve and curves obtained for other sites in Northern, and Central Europe.

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