SIGNIFICANCE AND NEED OF TREATMENT OF PERIAPICAL LESION

Dental caries, one of the most prevalent infectious diseases worldwide, affects approximately 80% of children and the majority of adults. Dental caries may result in endodontic disease, leading to dental pulp necrosis, periapical inflammation and bone resorption, severe pain, and tooth loss. Periapical inflammation may also increase inflammation in other parts of the body. Although many studies have attempted to develop therapies for this disease, there is still an urgent need for effective treatments. In this study, we applied a novel gene therapeutic approach using recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated RNAi knockdown of Cathepsin K (Ctsk) gene expression, to target osteoclasts and periapical bone resorption in a mouse model. We found that AAV-sh-Cathepsin K (AAV-sh-Ctsk) impaired osteoclast function in vivo and furthermore reduced bacterial infection-stimulated bone resorption by 88%. Reduced periapical lesion size was accompanied by decreases in mononuclear leukocyte infiltration and inflammatory cytokine expression. Our study shows that AAV-RNAi silencing of Cathepsin K in periapical tissues can significantly reduce endodontic disease development, bone destruction, and inflammation in the periapical lesion. This is the first demonstration that AAV-mediated RNAi knockdown gene therapy may significantly reduce the severity of endodontic disease.

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RNA Interference-Mediated Silencing ofAtp6iPrevents Both Periapical Bone Erosion and Inflammation in the Mouse Model of Endodontic Disease

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.00756-12 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 81 (4) ◽

pp. 1021-1030 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Junqing Ma ◽

Wei Chen ◽

Lijie Zhang ◽

Byron Tucker ◽

Guochun Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Therapy ◽

Rna Interference ◽

Bone Resorption ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Mouse Model ◽

Bacterial Infection ◽

Bone Erosion ◽

The United States ◽

Endodontic Disease ◽

Periapical Inflammation

ABSTRACTDental caries is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in the United States, affecting approximately 80% of children and the majority of adults. Dental caries may lead to endodontic disease, where the bacterial infection progresses to the root canal system of the tooth, leading to periapical inflammation, bone erosion, severe pain, and tooth loss. Periapical inflammation may also exacerbate inflammation in other parts of the body. Although conventional clinical therapies for this disease are successful in approximately 80% of cases, there is still an urgent need for increased efficacy of treatment. In this study, we applied a novel gene-therapeutic approach using recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated Atp6i RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown ofAtp6i/TIRC7gene expression to simultaneously target periapical bone resorption and periapical inflammation. We found thatAtp6iinhibition impaired osteoclast functionin vitroandin vivoand decreased the number of T cells in the periapical lesion. Notably, AAV-mediatedAtp6i/TIRC7knockdown gene therapy reduced bacterial infection-stimulated bone resorption by 80% in the mouse model of endodontic disease. Importantly,Atp6i+/−mice with haploinsufficiency ofAtp6iexhibited protection similar to that in mice with bacterial infection-stimulated bone erosion and periapical inflammation, which confirms the potential therapeutic effect of AAV-small hairpin RNA (shRNA)-Atp6i/TIRC7. Our results demonstrate that AAV-mediatedAtp6i/TIRC7knockdown in periapical tissues can inhibit endodontic disease development, bone resorption, and inflammation, indicating for the first time that this potential gene therapy may significantly improve the health of those who suffer from endodontic disease.

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The Anthropology of Infectious Diseases of Bronze Age and Early Iron Age from Armenia

Dental Anthropology Journal ◽

10.26575/daj.v24i2-3.61 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (2-3) ◽

pp. 42-54

Author(s):

A. Yu. Khudaverdyan

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Bronze Age ◽

Iron Age ◽

Tooth Loss ◽

Early Iron Age ◽

Human History ◽

Traumatic Injuries ◽

Antemortem Tooth Loss

This study reviews the evidence for thepresence of specific infectious diseases in Armenianskeletal series of Bronze Age and Early Iron Age.Throughout human history, pathogens have beenresponsible for the majority of human deaths. Factorssuch as age, sex, and nutritional status can influencewhether an individual contracts and develops aparticular infection, while environmental conditions,such as climate, sanitation, pollution, and contact withothers will affect the susceptibility of a population. Thefrequencies of such signs as osteomyelitis, peridontaldisease, leprosy, abscesses, and so forth, testify that thepeople experienced a variety of forces and durations—both internal and external—of stressful influences.Individuals from Sevan region may have had morechronic infections due to continued exposure to pathogensduring their lives as well as traumatic injuries. Sevenindividuals had nasopharyngeal lesions consistent with adiagnosis of leprosy. Dental caries was less severe in theSevan region, although dental abscesses (51 individuals)and antemortem tooth loss (87 individuals) were moreprevalent. In contrast, periodontal disease (8/18 adults)and antemortem loss (8/18 adults) of the molars weremore prevalent at the Shiraksky plain. Data focusing onclimate influence, migratory, and cultural habits in thepast are discussed.

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Future of Decellularized Dental Pulp Matrix in Regenerative Endodontics

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1741012 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Zohaib Khurshid ◽

Ahmed Jamil Ahmed Alnaim ◽

Ahmed Abdulhakim Ahmed Alhashim ◽

Eisha Imran ◽

Necdet Adanir

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Bone Grafting ◽

Dental Pulp ◽

Tooth Loss ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Dental Tissue ◽

Pulp Regeneration ◽

Regenerative Endodontics ◽

Synthetic Scaffolds

AbstractWith the advancements in tissue engineering, the repair and regeneration of oral/dental tissue are becoming possible and productive. Due to periodontal diseases, the tooth loses bone support resulting in tooth loss, but bone grafting stabilizes with new bone. It is seen that due to the progression of dental caries, pulp damage happens, and the vitality of the tooth is compromised. The current theme of dental pulp regeneration through biological and synthetic scaffolds, is becoming a potential therapy for pulp revitalization.

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Morphological rationale of the optimum material searching for the conservative treatment of pulp inﬂammation (literature review)

Эндодонтия Today ◽

10.36377/1683-2981-2021-19-2-101-106 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 101-106

Author(s):

K. A. Myasoedova ◽

I. V. Firsova ◽

S. V. Krajnov ◽

A. N. Popova

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Conservative Treatment ◽

Dental Pulp ◽

The Body ◽

Pulp Inflammation ◽

Optimum Material ◽

Materials Used ◽

Biological Methods ◽

New Generation ◽

The Ideal

Pulpitis is one of the most prevalence complication of dental caries. In the structure of visits for dental care, the diagnosis of pulpitis accounts for 14 – 20%. Preservation of the vitality of the pulp is very important for the tooth and for the body as a whole. Since the death of the neurovascular bundle leads to a abnormalities of the protective, trophic and plastic functions of the tooth, causing the loss of its functional signifcance, the development of complications and, as a consequence, removal of a tooth. So, conservative methods of pulpitis treatment must be used to prevent the spread of inﬂammation in the dental pulp. The success of both direct and indirect biological methods for treating pulpitis in more than 50% of cases depends on the drugs and materials used for the pulp. In the arsenal of dentists there are appropriate new generation drugs with a suffciently high evidential base, however, the problem of fnding the "ideal" material is still crucial.

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Formulation and evaluation of herbal tooth powder for oral care

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Life Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijprls.v8i1.1145 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Bharathi M ◽

Rajalingam D ◽

Vinothkumar S ◽

Artheeswari R ◽

Kanimozhi R ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Tooth Loss ◽

Oral Care ◽

Mustard Oil ◽

Tooth Decay ◽

Normal Flora ◽

Opportunistic Bacteria ◽

Wide Range ◽

Acid Producing Bacteria ◽

Streptococcus Mutants

Herbal tooth powders consisting of various ingredients that are available in the market in a wide range. Hence modern methods focusing on these aspects are useful for the standardization of herbs and their formulations. Consumers believed by using herbal-based toothpowders are safe, effective, and less toxic. This study is thus aimed to provide an alternative to the consumer and formulate herbal tooth powder using Clove, Neem Stem, Acacia Stem, Stevia Leaf, Mustard Oil, Salt, Ginger and Amla. The oral cavity infections are the most common types of infections. Dental caries is an infectious disease, causes damage and infection of enamel and dentine. If it is not treated, the infection continues and will lead to tooth loss. The mouth contains normal flora of opportunistic bacteria that are normally non-pathogenic. The imbalance of this situation causes infection and tooth decay. Streptococcus mutants are considered as the main species involved in the development of dental caries. S. mutants, acid-producing bacteria, causes fermentation of carbohydrates which results in tooth decay. Therefore, in the present work, the following aspects of Herbal tooth powders were planned for the formulation, standardization of herbal tooth powder, and anti-bacterial screening of the extracts of herbal tooth powder.

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Nutritional Recommendation for COVID-19

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl1.3078 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽

pp. 753-757

Author(s):

Anagha Gulhane ◽

Shamli Hiware

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Global Health ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Immune Function ◽

The Body ◽

Health Issue ◽

System Quality ◽

Life Phase ◽

Global Health Issue ◽

Nutritional Recommendation

It is the most unreliable truth that anybody can get infected by the COVID-19, and nobody can escape from the danger of getting tainted by the virus. Yet, the line of hope is that anyone and everyone can boost their resistance, thus avoid the risk of getting affected by the illness. The immunity of humans pulls down as they grow older. If their immune system is robust, them falling sick is feeble. If their resistance is weak, them getting ill is sound. Several factors affect the immune system and its ability, including its nourishment. A two-way connection between nutrition, infection and immunity presents. Changes in one part will affect the others part in our body that's the nature's rule. Well defined immune system quality which is present between each life phase may influence the type, generality and the degree of infections. At the same time, low nutrition to the body will decrease the immune function and expose the body to the danger of getting infected by infectious diseases. Different quantity of micronutrients is required for increasing the immunity power of our body. Generally the vitamins A,C,D,E,B2,B6,B12, iron, zinc and selenium.The deficiencies of micronutrients are acknowledged as a global health issue, and also low nutrition makes it prone to establishes the infections in the body.

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Detection and Assessment of Interleukin 6 in Irreversible Pulp Inflamation

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.17.2.5445 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 323-327

Author(s):

Cristian Levente Giuroiu ◽

Maria Vataman ◽

Gabriel Melian ◽

Dragos Bularda ◽

Ludmila Lozneanu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Interleukin 6 ◽

Dental Pulp ◽

The Other ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Pulp Tissue ◽

Immunohistochemical Technique ◽

Systemic Distribution ◽

Cell Zone

The study aimed to assess the number, localization and distribution of interleukin 6 (IL-6) positive cells in healthy pulp, acute and chronic pulpitis. The study group included 48 patients aged between 18-72, treated in University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa Iasi, Romania. The pulpectomy was performed on 42 patients diagnosed with acute and chronic pulpitis. The other 6 patients, without signs of dental caries or periodontal disease, were submitted to extractions of teeth for orthodontic purposes, with pulpectomy performed before extraction. The pulp samples were examined with optic microscope. The detection and assessment of IL-6 were performed using immunohistochemical technique. Data were statistically analysed using non-parametric tests. According to morphopathological criteria, 42.85% were classified as acute pulpitis and 57.14% as chronic pulpitis. The pulp samples in control group were not associated with IL-6 positive cells. The analysis of all samples with acute and chronic pulpitis identified 73.80% samples with IL-6 and 26.20% associated with the absence of IL-6. The highest frequency of IL-6 positive cells was recorded in rich-cell zone of crown dental pulp. The systemic distribution of IL-6 positive cells was mostly diffused without well-defined orientation. IL-6 release in acute and chronic pulpitis is significantly higher comparing with healthy pulp tissue.

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Debridement and corpectomy via single posterior approach to treat pyogenic spondylitis after vertebral augmentation

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12891-021-04478-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shuai Zhang ◽

Song Wang ◽

Qing Wang ◽

Jin Yang ◽

Shuang Xu

Keyword(s):

Severe Pain ◽

Neurological Deficits ◽

Spinal Stability ◽

Vertebral Augmentation ◽

Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽

Surgical Time ◽

Pyogenic Spondylitis ◽

Single Posterior Approach ◽

Posterior Debridement ◽

Effective Treatments

Abstract Background Infection after vertebral augmentation (VA) often limits the daily activities of patients and even threatens their life. The operation may be one of the effective treatments if the patient suffers from intolerable severe pain, neurological deficits, and damage to spinal stability. This study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of the treatment of pyogenic spondylitis after vertebral augmentation (PSVA) with Single posterior debridement, vertebral body resection, and intervertebral bone graft fusion and internal fixation (sPVRIF). Methods The study was performed on 19 patients with PSVA who underwent VA at 4 hospitals in the region between January 2010 and July 2020. Nineteen patients were included. Among them, 16 patients underwent sPVRIF to treat the PSVA. Results A total of 2267 patients underwent VA at 4 hospitals in the region. Of the 19 patients with postoperative PSVA, suppurative spondylitis was misdiagnosed as an osteoporotic vertebral fracture(OVF) in 4 patients and they underwent VA. Besides osteoporosis, 18 patients had other comorbidities. The average interval between the first surgery and the diagnosis of PSVA was 96.4 days. Of the 19 patients, 16 received surgical treatment. The surgical time was 175.0±16.8 min, and the intraoperative blood loss was 465.6±166.0 mL. Pathogenic microorganisms were cultured in 12 patients. Conclusion PSVA is a severe complication that can even threaten the life of the patients. sPVRIF may be one of the effective treatments if the patient suffers from intolerable severe pain, neurological deficits, and damage to spinal stability.

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Posture Analysis Using Nordic Body Map and Rapid Office Strain Assessment Methods to Improve Work Posture

JIEMS (Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems) ◽

10.30813/jiems.v14i1.2419 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Melia Agustin ◽

Hendy Tannady ◽

Octa Ferdian ◽

Samuel Imanuel Gunawan Alamsjah

Keyword(s):

Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

Severe Pain ◽

Service Sector ◽

The Body ◽

Educational Services ◽

Posture Analysis ◽

Risk Of Injury ◽

Work Posture ◽

Body Map ◽

A Company

Jaya Launch Pad is a company engaged in educational services. It is undeniable that service sector companies such as Jaya Launch Pad also have a workforce whose work posture may be less ergonomic, which can lead to musculoskeletal disorders. Musculoskeletal disorders can be experienced by people of all ages. Therefore, this study focuses on work posture. This research occurred because of complaints experienced by staff. The number of samples used in this study was 1 person. This was influenced by the Covid-19 pandemic situation so that there was only 1 staff when the observation was made. The research method used was the nordic body map (NBM) to determine which parts of the body are experiencing complaints, and the rapid office strain assessment (ROSA) to measure the risk of injury due to the posture of sitting at a computer for 8 hours. The result is that the complaint assessment using the NBM questionnaire has a score of 52 (needs improvement at a later date) with 4 categories of severe pain, namely back, waist, buttocks, and buttocks. Meanwhile, the score from the ROSA table is 6 which means it is risky / dangerous so that it needs improvement. Therefore, a proposed condition is given in the form of a replacement of work facilities in the form of a work chair with adjustable height and adjustable armrests. This improvement is assumed to be able to reduce the level of staff complaints, and the calculation result of the rapid office strain assessment (ROSA) is 4 which means no risk so that this improvement is accepted and can solve the work posture problem of staff at Jaya Launch Pad.

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