scholarly journals Predictive Modelling of Wellhead Corrosion due to Operating Conditions: A Field Data Approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinedu I. Ossai
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Predictive Modelling ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
The Impact

The flow of crude oil, water, and gas from the reservoirs through the wellheads results in its deterioration. This deterioration which is due to the impact of turbulence, corrosion, and erosion significantly reduces the integrity of the wellheads. Effectively managing the wellheads, therefore, requires the knowledge of the extent to which these factors contribute to its degradation. In this paper, the contribution of some operating parameters (temperature, CO2 partial pressure, flow rate, and pH) on the corrosion rate of oil and gas wellheads was studied. Field data from onshore oil and gas fields were analysed with multiple linear regression model to determine the dependency of the corrosion rate on the operating parameters. ANOVA, value test, and multiple regression coefficients were used in the statistical analysis of the results, while in previous experimental results, de Waard-Milliams models and de Waard-Lotz model were used to validate the modelled wellhead corrosion rates. The study shows that the operating parameters contribute to about 26% of the wellhead corrosion rate. The predicted corrosion models also showed a good agreement with the field data and the de Waard-Lotz models but mixed results with the experimental results and the de Waard-Milliams models.

scholarly journals A Novel Low-Temperature Non-Corrosive Sulfate/Sulfide Scale Dissolver

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2455
Author(s):  
Hany Gamal ◽  
Salaheldin Elkatatny ◽  
Dhafer Al Shehri ◽  
Mohamed Bahgat
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dissolution Efficiency

The oil and gas production operations suffer from scale depositions. The scale precipitations have a damaging impact on the reservoir pores, perforations, downhole and completion equipment, pipeline network, wellhead chokes, and surface facilities. Hydrocarbon production possibly decreased because of the scale accumulation in the well tubular, leading to a well plugging, this requires wells to be shut-in in severe cases to perform a clean-out job. Therefore, scale deposition is badly affecting petroleum economics. This research aims to design a scale dissolver with low cost, non-damaging for the well equipment and has a high performance at the field operating conditions. This paper presents a novel non-corrosive dissolver for sulfate and sulfide composite scale in alkaline pH and works at low-temperature conditions. The scale samples were collected from a production platform from different locations. A complete description of the scale samples was performed as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The new scale dissolver was prepared in different concentrations to examine its dissolution efficiency for the scale with time at low temperatures. The experimental design studied the solid to fluid ratio, temperature, solubility time, and dissolution efficiency in order to achieve the optimum and most economic performance of solubility in terms of high dissolution efficiency with the smallest possible amount of scale dissolver. A solubility comparison was performed with other commercial-scale-dissolvers and the corrosion rate was tested. The experimental work results demonstrated the superior performance of the new scale dissolver. The new scale dissolver showed a solubility efficiency of 91.8% at a low temperature of 45 °C and 79% at 35 °C. The new scale dissolver showed a higher solubility ratio for the scale sample than the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (20 wt. %), diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) (20 wt. %), and HCl (10 wt. %). The corrosion rate for the new non-corrosive dissolver was 0.01357 kg/m2 (0.00278 lb./ft²) which was considered a very low rate and non-damaging for the equipment. The low corrosive effect of the new dissolver will save the extra cost of adding the corrosion inhibitors and save the equipment from the damaging effect of the corrosive acids.

Optimization of the Spray Drying Operating Conditions for Producing the Powder Mixture of Gum Arabic and Maltodextrin

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Duc Quang Nguyen ◽  
Sabah Mounir ◽  
Karim Allaf
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Powder Mixture ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Spray Dryer ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe powder mixture of gum arabic and maltodextrin was produced by spray drying. The inlet air temperature of spray dryer was varied from 160 °C to 260 °C and the maltodextrin content was varied from 0 to 50 % in the feed solution with the concentration of 42.5 % (w/v) total solids by weight. The properties of the finished product were characterized to examine the impact of changes in these operating parameters. The results showed that: the inlet air temperature had a stronger influence on the properties of finished product than the MD/GA ratio, whereas the feed rate was more clearly affected by the MD/GA ratio. Two optimal parameters obtained include MD/GA ratio equal to 0.615 and the inlet air temperature of spray dryer Te = 258 °C.

Environmental liability and asset retirement obligations

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 697
Author(s):  
Michael Clark ◽  
John Claypool
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Operating Life ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Oil And Gas Producers ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Well Abandonment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Oil companies, partnerships and entities developed for the exploration and/or production of hydrocarbons typically invest for a reasonably certain period of time, with the assets projected to have little or no value at the end of their life cycle. Historically, production facilities were decommissioned as cost effectively as possible, with limited consideration of the cost of this practice being factored into the initial costs or operating budgets, and the salvage value of the scrap metal was applied to cover the cost of the demolition. Today, most oil and gas producers are required to account for the estimated future cost of dismantling and removing facilities and equipment, as well as restoring land to its previous condition. The estimated costs for future dismantling, removal, and restoration are different to other costs associated with the acquisition and use of productive assets. The impact of potential environmental expenses associated with these practices typically occurs after an asset has ceased production. Planning for environmental costs for asset retirement obligations (AROs) is ideally conducted during the asset's operating life. This is so that compliance costs and other operating expenses are recorded consistently in conformance with accounting policies and regulations. Tentatively identified AROs include: asbestos, batteries, PCB transformers, underground or above ground storage tanks, well abandonment, waste impoundments, mercury, and other components of an active producing facility. Operators need to identify specific performance requirements that may impose obligations on their organisation. Federal, state and local requirements need be considered, as they apply to specific operating conditions.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Local Drag of Completion String with Packers in Horizontal Wells

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qimin Liang ◽  
Bairu Xia ◽  
Baolin Liu ◽  
Zhen Nie ◽  
Baokui Gao
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Horizontal Wells ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Horizontal Section ◽  
Friction Coefficients ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
Gas Fields

The multistage stimulation technology of horizontal wells has brought huge benefits to the development of oil and gas fields. However, the completion string with packers often encounters stuck due to the large drag in the horizontal section, causing huge economic losses. The local drag of the completion string with packers in the horizontal section is very complicated, and it has not been fully understood by theoretical calculations. A local drag experiment is designed to simulate the influence of microsteps and cuttings on the local drag of the completion string with packers in the inclined and horizontal sections. An obvious increase of the local drag of the packer is found at microsteps of the horizontal section, and the local drag is greatly affected by the amount of sand. In addition, the string with packers will vibrate during the tripping process in the deviated section, and the local drag is different when different amounts of sand are in the hole, but the change law is similar. The experimental results show that the friction coefficients of the packers with different materials in the horizontal section vary greatly, resulting in different local drags. It indicates that the local drag of the completion string not only depends on the microsteps and sand quantity in the wellbore, but also on the material difference of the packers. Only if microsteps and cuttings are removed can the completion string be tripped into horizontal wells smoothly.

scholarly journals Corrosion Law of Metal Pipeline in Tahe Oilfield and Application of New Materials

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1269
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Shi ◽  
Zhi Zhang ◽  
Lanjie Wu ◽  
Xincai Li ◽  
Zhenwu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Corrosion Morphology ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
Oil And Gas Field ◽  
Safety Production ◽  
High Concentrations

Frequent corrosion perforation of metal pipes severely restricts oil and gas fields’ safety production and increases maintenance costs. Therefore, it is imminent to change the characteristics of metal materials fundamentally. In this paper, taking the metal pipe of Northwest Oil and Gas Field in China as an example, for the corrosion environment with high concentrations of H2S, CO2, H2O, Cl−, and O2, the main factors leading to corrosion are analyzed, the corrosion rules and optical materials of the pipe under different environmental and operating conditions are figured out, and the corrosion resistance of new pipes materials is evaluated. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) In the environment of the CO2–H2O–Cl− strong scouring system, electrochemical corrosion dominates, and the corrosion morphology is mainly groove-like corrosion and ulcer-like corrosion; (2) The H2S content affects the incubation period and development period of pipe corrosion; (3) Through the two optimization directions of 20# steel refining and material alloying, BX245-1Cr pipe material has been developed. At present, the application of this pipe material has relatively better results.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Problem of Environmental Pollution in Oil Fields, as Well as Ways of Utilization of Oil Production Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Vitaly Zhironkin ◽  
Michal Cehlar
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Oil Sludge ◽  
Hydrocarbon Production ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
Oil And Gas Resources ◽  
The Impact

The problems of the current ecological situation in the oil-producing regions are being investigated. The analysis of the impact of the growth of hydrocarbon production on the environment has been carried out. The main causes and sources of pollution have been identified, starting with the process of developing oil and gas fields and including directly extracting and processing oil and gas resources. It is noted that the main reason for the growing environmental hazard is the deterioration and depreciation of equipment and the low share of innovative activity of oil companies. The main methods of utilization of oil production wastes, which are currently used in world practice, have been analyzed. Some technologies for processing oil sludge with obtaining a secondary product are considered. Their main advantages and disadvantages associated with the features of the technological process are described. The possibility of obtaining inert soil, building material, expanded clay and other materials using drill cuttings has been evaluated. The complex separate processing of drilling waste has been determined as the most effective and promising. Its main advantages associated with the complete utilization of all components of oil sludge, as well as the problems of introducing this technology, are given.

Influence of Mining Operating Conditions on Fault Behavior

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Burtan ◽  
Andrzej Zorychta ◽  
Jerzy Cieślik ◽  
Dariusz Chlebowski
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Fault Behavior ◽  
Caving Zone ◽  
Energy Dissipated ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Of Mining

Abstract This article concerns numerical modeling of the impact of mining operations on fault behavior, carried out on the basis of a calculation program based on the finite element method. The calculations and their graphic results related to the reactions of vertical discontinuity on the mining operations that run along its boundary under changing operating parameters, such as geometry of the field and direction of mining with respect to the fault, as well as the method of liquidation of the caving zone. The behavior of the fault was analyzed based on distributions in the plane of shear stress and slip, together with their range and energy dissipated due to friction. The results of numerical calculations made it possible to draw conclusions on the impact of faults and the impact of operating conditions of mining in their vicinity on the level of seismic hazard.

Modeling, Development and Preliminary Testing of a 2 MW PEM Fuel Cell Plant Fueled With Hydrogen From a Chlor-Alkali Industry

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Campanari ◽  
Giulio Guandalini ◽  
Jorg Coolegem ◽  
Jan ten Have ◽  
Patrick Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
The Impact

The chlor-alkali industry produces significant amounts of hydrogen as byproduct and an interesting benefit can be obtained by feeding hydrogen to a PEM fuel cell unit, whose electricity and heat production can cover part of the chemical plant consumptions. The estimated potential of such application is up to 1100 MWel installed in the sole China, a country featuring a large presence of chlor-alkali plants. This work presents the modeling, development and first experimental results from field tests of a 2 MW PEM fuel cell power plant, built within the European project DEMCOPEM-2MW and installed in Yingkou, China as the current world’s largest PEM fuel cell installation. After a preliminary introduction to the market potential of PEM Fuel cells in the chlor-alkali industry, it is first discussed an overview of project’s MEA and fuel cell development for long life stationary applications, focusing on the design-for-manufacture process and the high-volume manufacturing route developed for the 2MW plant. The work then discusses the modeling of the power plant, including a specific lumped model predicting FC stack behavior as a function of inlet streams conditions and power set point, according to regressed polarization curves. Cells performance decay vs. lifetime reflects long-term stack test data, aiming to evidence the impact on overall energy balances and efficiency of the progression of lifetime. BOP is modeled to simulate auxiliaries consumption, pressure drops and components operating conditions. The model allows studying different operational strategies that maintain the power production during lifetime, minimizing efficiency losses; as well as to investigate the optimized operating setpoint of the plant at full load and during part-load operation. The last section of the paper discusses the experimental results, through a complete analysis of the plant performance after plant startup, including energy and mass balances and allowing to validate the model. Cumulated indicators over the first nine months of operations regarding energy production, hydrogen consumption and efficiency are also discussed.

scholarly journals CALCULATION OF WATER SATURATED FOUNDATION UNDER THE OIL-AND GAS FIELDS FACILITIES

2016 ◽  
pp. 110-113
Author(s):  
T. V. Maltseva ◽  
T. V. Saltanova ◽  
A. N. Kraev ◽  
V. V. Mironov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Strained State ◽  
Mineral Particles ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
Gas Fields ◽  
The Impact

The influence of facilities on the foundation made of water saturated ground is studied in view of the impact of various external forces on the foundation. The developed mathematical model of the stress-strained state of the system «facility - foundation» enables to determine maximal stresses and strains occurred in the foundation. The numerical solutions were obtained using the modified finite-element method which took into account the impact of the pore water on the strain characteristics of the ground mineral particles.

scholarly journals PRINCIPLES OF CONSTRUCTION OF THE GENERALIZED MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE HYDRAULIC EXTINGUISHER OF OSCILLATIONS OF THE PASSENGER CAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (38) ◽  
pp. 173-184
Author(s):  
I. Shcherbyna
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Periodic Movement ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Impact

The study of the processes associated with the use of working fluids in the elements of hydraulic drives was preceded by studies of the unsteady periodic movement of the working fluid in the pipelines of hydraulic systems. Such processes take place in hydraulic drives and their elements, and are associated with the compressibility of the working fluid. The stability of the operation of hydraulic valves, which are supplied to hydraulic systems in order to maintain, within the required limits, pressures or flow rates, is also largely predetermined by non-stationary hydro mechanical processes occurring in the pipelines of these systems, channels and chambers of hydraulic devices. The peculiarities of the working processes of passive vibration dampers of passenger cars include the interaction of the working fluid with moving parts and its flow through the channels and through the calibrated holes with local artificial resistance. For in-depth analysis of changes in operating parameters, it is necessary to use a mathematical model that should reflect the processes that occur during the operation of the hydraulic device. In the presented article the generalized mathematical model of the hydraulic damper of fluctuations of the passenger car of the НЦ-1100 type is developed. This model takes into account the special operating conditions of the hydraulic shock absorber, which allows you to study the impact of operating parameters on the performance of the device.

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