Resistant Cultivar Screening to Black Rot for Organic Cultivation of Broccoli

Introduction of organic rice-based rice cultivation technology package through demplot is done in Subak Sungi 1 using ciherang variety. The number of farmers participating in demonstration plots in organic cultivation of paddy-based rice cultivation were 5 people, with age of farmers aged greater than 55 years occupying the highest percentage (45.45%), with elementary education level (72.75%), followed by high school education (18.25%), and junior high (9%). The average farmland area is 34.63 acres, with self-owned status (55,94%), status as penyakap 41,18% and rent status 2,88%. The farmers' response to the organic rice-based rice planting assessment is quite high, as evidenced by the evaluation that 100% of farmers participating in demonstration plots know and understand about organic rice system cultivation, and they agree to develop this cultivation system in the future. Demplot research results can increase the yield components and weight of dry grain harvest per hectare. Organic rice-based rice cultivation technology EVAGRO able to increase production of dry grain harvest significantly with a value of 6.8 tons / ha. There is a tendency of dry weight value of ciherang varieties of 6.8 tons / ha giving highest but not significantly different with PGPR organic based technology.

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Обеззараживание семян капусты от сосудистого бактериоза

Kartofel` i ovoshi ◽

10.25630/pav.2018.1.17457 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

A.T. Orynbayev ◽

F.S. Dzhalilov

Keyword(s):

Peracetic Acid ◽

Biological Efficiency ◽

Black Rot ◽

Presowing Treatment

Приведены данные двухлетнего исследования по поиску эффективных препаратов для обеззараживания семян капусты от сосудистого бактериоза. Наилучший результат был получен при предпосевной обработке 0,15%-ной надуксусной кислотой. При этом биологическая эффективность составляла 94,1–97,6%, что значительно превышало соответствующий показатель в эталонном варианте – Фитолавин, ВРК, 0,2% (69,0–72,0%). Показано, что заблаговременная обработка семян НУК (за 550 суток до посева) не оказывала достоверного влияния на их лабораторную всхожесть.Presented data are the result of a two-year study aimed at identifying effective preparations for the disinfection of cabbage seeds from black rot. The best result was obtained by presowing treatment with 0.15% peracetic acid. In this case, the biological efficiency was 94.1–97.6%, which significantly exceeded the corresponding indicator in the reference variant – Phytolavin, VRK, 0.2% (69.0–72.0%). The study has not revealed any significant effect of advance treatment of seeds with peracetic acid (550 days before sowing) on their laboratory germination.

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Diseases of the kumara crop

New Zealand Plant Protection ◽

10.30843/nzpp.2009.62.4845 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 62 ◽

pp. 402-402

Author(s):

S.L. Lewthwaite ◽

P.J. Wright

Keyword(s):

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Mechanical Damage ◽

Soft Rot ◽

Economic Loss ◽

Root Surface ◽

Black Rot ◽

Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽

Ceratocystis Fimbriata ◽

Pink Rot

The predominant diseases of the commercial kumara (Ipomoea batatas) or sweetpotato crop are caused by fungal pathogens The field disease pink rot results from infection by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Lesions form on vines but may spread down stems to the roots The widespread nature of this disease in sweetpotato appears peculiar to New Zealand Scurf is a disease caused by Monilochaetes infuscans which occurs in the field but may proliferate amongst stored roots The disease causes a superficial discolouration of the root surface which is mainly cosmetic but can also increase root water loss in storage Infection by Ceratocystis fimbriata produces a disease known as black rot The disease can be transmitted amongst plants at propagation but is particularly rampant amongst roots in storage This disease is readily transmitted and can cause severe economic loss Fusarium oxysporum causes surface rots in stored roots characterised by light to dark brown lesions that tend to be firm dry and superficial The lesions may be circular and centred on wounds caused by insects or mechanical damage at harvest Soft rot caused by Rhizopus stolonifer generally occurs in roots after they are washed and prepared for the market Fungal infection occurs through wounds or bruised tissue producing distinctive tufts of white fungal strands and black spores

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Effect of Ozone onAspergillus nigerCausing Black Rot Disease in Onion

Ozone Science and Engineering ◽

10.1080/01919510600900035 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 347-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

V. R. Vijayanandraj ◽

D. Nagendra Prasad ◽

N. Mohan ◽

M. Gunasekaran

Keyword(s):

Black Rot ◽

Rot Disease

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Foreign investment in emerging legal medicinal cannabis markets: the Jamaica case study

Globalization and Health ◽

10.1186/s12992-021-00687-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Marta Rychert ◽

Machel Anthony Emanuel ◽

Chris Wilkins

Keyword(s):

Civil Society ◽

Foreign Investment ◽

Production Efficiency ◽

Production Quality ◽

Small Scale ◽

Organic Cultivation ◽

Enhanced Production ◽

Political Interference ◽

Medicinal Cannabis ◽

The Impact

Abstract Introduction The establishment of a legal market for medicinal cannabis under the Dangerous Drugs Amendment Act 2015 has positioned Jamaica at the forefront of cannabis law reform in the developing world. Many local cannabis businesses have attracted investment from overseas, including from Canada, US and Europe. Aim To explore the opportunities and risks of foreign investment in an emerging domestic legal cannabis market in a developing country. Methods Thematic analysis of semi-structured face-to-face interviews with 22 key informants (KIs) from the Jamaican government, local cannabis industry, academia and civil society, and field observations of legal and illegal cannabis cultivators. Results KIs from the Jamaican public agencies and domestic cannabis entrepreneurs saw foreign investment as an essential source of capital to finance the start-up costs of legal cannabis businesses. Local cannabis entrepreneurs prioritised investors with the greatest financial resources, brand reputation and export networks. They also considered how allied an investor was with their business vision (e.g., organic cultivation, medical vs. recreational). The key benefits of partnering with a foreign investor included transfer of technical knowledge and financial capital, which enhanced production, quality assurance and seed-to-sale tracking. Some KIs expressed concern over investors’ focus on increasing production efficiency and scale at the expense of funding research and development (R&D) and clinical trials. KIs from the local industry, government agencies and civil society highlighted the risks of ‘predatory’ shareholder agreements and domestic political interference. Concerns were raised about the impact of foreign investment on the diversity of the domestic cannabis sector in Jamaica, including the commitment to transition traditional illegal small-scale cannabis cultivators to the legal sector. Conclusion While foreign investment has facilitated the commercialisation of the cannabis sector in Jamaica, regulatory measures are also needed to protect the domestic industry and support the transition of small-scale illegal cultivators to the legal regime. Foreign investments may alter the economic, social and political determinants of health in transitioning from illegal to legal cannabis market economy.

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Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of CC-NBS-LRR Family in Response to Downy Mildew and Black Rot in Chinese Cabbage

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22084266 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (8) ◽

pp. 4266

Author(s):

Yan Liu ◽

Dalong Li ◽

Na Yang ◽

Xiaolong Zhu ◽

Kexin Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Downy Mildew ◽

Chinese Cabbage ◽

Plant Disease Resistance ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Black Rot ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Pathogenesis Related ◽

Effector Triggered Immunity ◽

Gene Structures ◽

Bacteria And Fungi

The nucleotide-binding site–leucine-rich repeat (NBS–LRR) gene family is the largest group of plant disease resistance (R) genes widespread in response to viruses, bacteria, and fungi usually involved in effector triggered immunity (ETI). Forty members of the Chinese cabbage CC type NBS–LRR family were investigated in this study. Gene and protein characteristics, such as distributed locations on chromosomes and gene structures, were explored through comprehensive analysis. CC–NBS–LRR proteins were classified according to their conserved domains, and the phylogenetic relationships of CC–NBS–LRR proteins in Brassica rapa, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Oryza sativa were compared. Moreover, the roles of BrCC–NBS–LRR genes involved in pathogenesis-related defense were studied and analyzed. First, the expression profiles of BrCC–NBS–LRR genes were detected by inoculating with downy mildew and black rot pathogens. Second, sensitive and resistant Chinese cabbage inbred lines were screened by downy mildew and black rot. Finally, the differential expression levels of BrCC–NBS–LRR genes were monitored at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h for short and 0, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days for long inoculation time. Our study provides information on BrCC–NBS–LRR genes for the investigation of the functions and mechanisms of CC-NBS-LRR genes in Chinese cabbage.

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Genomic insights advance the fight against black rot of crucifers

Journal of General Plant Pathology ◽

10.1007/s10327-021-00987-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 87 (3) ◽

pp. 127-136

Author(s):

Zoë E. Dubrow ◽

Adam J. Bogdanove

Keyword(s):

Virulence Factors ◽

Xanthomonas Campestris ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Impact Resistance ◽

Resistance Breeding ◽

Genetic Data ◽

Black Rot ◽

Inoculum Sources ◽

New Knowledge ◽

The World

AbstractXanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, the causal agent of black rot of crucifers, was one of the first bacterial plant pathogens ever identified. Over 130 years later, black rot remains a threat to cabbage, cauliflower, and other Brassica crops around the world. Recent genomic and genetic data are informing our understanding of X. campestris taxonomy, dissemination, inoculum sources, and virulence factors. This new knowledge promises to positively impact resistance breeding of Brassica varieties and management of inoculum sources.

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Core RNA Interference Genes Involved in miRNA and Ta-siRNA Biogenesis in Hops and Their Expression Analysis after Challenging with Verticillium nonalfalfae

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22084224 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (8) ◽

pp. 4224

Author(s):

Urban Kunej ◽

Jernej Jakše ◽

Sebastjan Radišek ◽

Nataša Štajner

Keyword(s):

Rna Interference ◽

Expression Analysis ◽

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Defense Responses ◽

Resistant Cultivar ◽

Post Inoculation ◽

Biotic Stresses ◽

Argonaute 2 ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Verticillium Nonalfalfae

RNA interference is an evolutionary conserved mechanism by which organisms regulate the expression of genes in a sequence-specific manner to modulate defense responses against various abiotic or biotic stresses. Hops are grown for their use in brewing and, in recent years, for the pharmaceutical industry. Hop production is threatened by many phytopathogens, of which Verticillium, the causal agent of Verticillium wilt, is a major contributor to yield losses. In the present study, we performed identification, characterization, phylogenetic, and expression analyses of three Argonaute, two Dicer-like, and two RNA-dependent RNA polymerase genes in the susceptible hop cultivar Celeia and the resistant cultivar Wye Target after infection with Verticillium nonalfalfae. Phylogeny results showed clustering of hop RNAi proteins with their orthologues from the closely related species Cannabis sativa, Morus notabilis and Ziziphus jujuba which form a common cluster with species of the Rosaceae family. Expression analysis revealed downregulation of argonaute 2 in both cultivars on the third day post-inoculation, which may result in reduced AGO2-siRNA-mediated posttranscriptional gene silencing. Both cultivars may also repress ta-siRNA biogenesis at different dpi, as we observed downregulation of argonaute 7 in the susceptible cultivar on day 1 and downregulation of RDR6 in the resistant cultivar on day 3 after inoculation.

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Changes in Bacterial and Fungal Soil Communities in Long-Term Organic Cropping Systems

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11050445 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 445

Author(s):

Jessica Cuartero ◽

Onurcan Özbolat ◽

Virginia Sánchez-Navarro ◽

Marcos Egea-Cortines ◽

Raúl Zornoza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Soil Microbial Community ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Sequencing Analysis ◽

Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Network Analyses ◽

Organic Cultivation

Long-term organic farming aims to reduce synthetic fertilizer and pesticide use in order to sustainably produce and improve soil quality. To do this, there is a need for more information about the soil microbial community, which plays a key role in a sustainable agriculture. In this paper, we assessed the long-term effects of two organic and one conventional cropping systems on the soil microbial community structure using high-throughput sequencing analysis, as well as the link between these communities and the changes in the soil properties and crop yield. The results showed that the crop yield was similar among the three cropping systems. The microbial community changed according to cropping system. Organic cultivation with manure compost and compost tea (Org_C) showed a change in the bacterial community associated with an improved soil carbon and nutrient content. A linear discriminant analysis effect size showed different bacteria and fungi as key microorganisms for each of the three different cropping systems, for conventional systems (Conv), different microorganisms such as Nesterenkonia, Galbibacter, Gramella, Limnobacter, Pseudoalteromonas, Pantoe, and Sporobolomyces were associated with pesticides, while for Org_C and organic cultivation with manure (Org_M), other types of microorganisms were associated with organic amendments with different functions, which, in some cases, reduce soil borne pathogens. However, further investigations such as functional approaches or network analyses are need to better understand the mechanisms behind this behavior.

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