scholarly journals Effects and costs of a strategic selective treatment for controlling ecto - and hemoparasitosis in Holstein Friesian calves

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 3133
Author(s):  
Jonata De Melo Barbieri ◽  
Yuly Andrea Caicedo Blanco ◽  
Renato Ribeiro de Lima ◽  
Marcos Aurélio Lopes ◽  
Eduardo Mitke Brandão Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Parasite Control ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Selective Treatment ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Physical Traits ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Babesia Spp

This work assessed the effectiveness and net operational costs of a strategic selective treatment for controlling ectoparasites (Rhipicephalus microplus, as well as Dermatobia hominis and Cochliomyia hominivorax larvae) and hemoparasites (Anaplasma marginale and Babesia spp.) in Holstein Friesian calves. Thirty calves were equally distributed in two groups: ST) strategic selective treatment and CT) conventional treatment. From birth, calves were monitored biweekly until 12 months of age. The CT group was subjected to parasite control according to directions provided by the veterinarian at the Experimental Farm of the Federal University of Lavras (FE/UFLA), whereas parasite control of the ST group followed criteria we had previously established. The ST group experienced fewer changes in physical traits on average and lower globular volume (GV) than the CT group (p < 0.05). Approximately 23% of ST calves exhibited external omphalitis, compared with 48% CT calves (p < 0.001). Additionally, ST calves were less affected than CT calves (p < 0.05) by R. microplus females and D. hominis larvae. Seropositivity rates from the indirect immunofluorescence reaction for A. marginale and B. bovis were similar for both groups (ST: 85.6% and 87.8%, respectively; CT: 83.2% and 83.2%). Additionally, subclinical (asymptomatic infection) anaplasmosis predominated in both groups during the dry period of the year. The daily average weight gains (DWG) were identical among ST (580 g) and CT (570 g), but the effective operational cost (EOC) was 3.7 times greater in ST (R$ 406.58/animal) compared with CT (R$ 110.90/animal). Laboratory exams to monitor the animals represented the largest share of the cost (82.7%) in ST, whereas drug expenses represented the highest costs (49.8%) in CT. Despite having a greater EOC, ST was more efficient at reducing parasite burdens than CT. Calves in the former group presented fewer R. microplus or D. hominis, and experienced a lower percentage of hemolytic anemia (VG < 24%). However, ST no affected the dynamic of A. marginale- and B. bovis-related infections, indicating that the FE/UFLA may be characterized as enzootically stable for these species.

scholarly journals STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTRACISTERNAL ANTIBIOTIC TREATMENT FOR THE CONTROL OF MASTITIS IN GOATS

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
K. Hristov ◽  
R. Pepovich ◽  
B. Nikolov
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Selective Treatment ◽  
Intramammary Infections ◽  
Selective Approach ◽  
The Cost

The aim of this study is to investigate the healing and prophylactic effect of drying-off antibiotic therapy using the selective and non-selective approach of administration of the antibiotics. First experimental group at the start of the dry period were treated non-selectively (all halves) intra-cisternally with antibiotics. In the second group, we only treated those halves that were diagnosed with subclinical mastitis. The control group of 9 goats was not treated. The number of somatic cells in treated groups after birth decreased from 2586 x 10³/ mL to 560 x 10³/mL in the first group and from 1978 x 10³/mL to 526 x 10³/mL in the second. Post partum, 10% of the halves were found to have subclinical mastitis. A healing effect was achieved in 25% (n=5) milk halves. New intramammary infections developed during the dry period also occurred in 5% (n=1) of the milk halves. In the second post-partum study, subclinical mastitis was observed only in 5% (n=1). Healing was achieved in 30% (n = 6) and the new intramammary infections (NIMIs) were 10% (n=2). In the control group, healing was only observed in 5% (n=1) and NIMI were 27.78% (n=5). The application of both treatment approaches, results in reduction in prevalence and manifestation of mastitis, as well as reduction of somatic cells in milk after kidding. The selective treatment method may be preferred, in order to reduce the cost of medications in conducting treatment and prophylaxis programs.

Nematode parasite control practices of sheep and goat farmers in the region of Trikala, Greece

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Theodoropoulos ◽  
H. Theodoropoulos ◽  
G. Zervas ◽  
E. Bartziokas
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Parasite Control ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Worm Control ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractInformation concerning worm control practices of sheep and goat farmers in the region of Trikala (central Greece) was collected through a questionnaire survey by visiting farms and interviewing farmers. Questionnaires from 57 farmers residing in 23 rural communities were collected. Anthelmintics were used by 89% of the farmers. On average, lambs, kids and goats were treated once annually, while sheep were treated either once or twice annually. Only 2% of farmers reported treatment of animals with anthelmintics when moving to new pastures. The most common broad-spectrum anthelmintics used were those belonging to the benzimidazoles and probenzimidazoles. Fifty nine percent of the farmers used the same anthelmintic group for 3 or more years and 34% used two or more anthelmintic groups in the same year. Almost all farmers reported estimating live weights for calculating anthelmintic doses through visual perception on the basis of an average weight (96%). Tablets and boluses were the most preferred anthelmintic formulation used by 96% of farmers. The selection of an anthelmintic was based for 58% of farmers on recommendation by a veterinarian and for 39% of farmers on the cost of the drug. The most common occasions for deworming the animals were at turn out (86%) and after parturition (31%). Only 6% of farmers reported deworming new animals before introducing them onto the farm. Farmers preferred to seek information about the use of anthelmintics and worm control strategies from veterinarians (63%) and other farmers (37%).

scholarly journals Factors Determining the Susceptibility of Cows to Mastitis and Losses Incurred by Producers Due to the Disease – A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 819-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zygmunt Litwińczuk ◽  
Jolanta Król ◽  
Aneta Brodziak
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lactoferrin Gene ◽  
The Cost

Abstract The aim of the paper was to discuss the factors determining the susceptibility of cows to mastitis, the most important for breeders, including losses incurred by milk producers due to the disease. Inflammations of mammary gland are common and the most awkward problem which dairy farmers face around the world. In the case of clinical udder inflammation, it is estimated that the cost of mastitis is about 200 € per cow with fluctuations from 100 even up to 1000 €. Resistance, i.e. the susceptibility of cows to mastitis, is conditioned genetically. The possibility of BoLA and lactoferrin gene polymorphism, using in the selection cows resistant to mastitis, is indicated. Bacteria inhabiting the mammary gland, and the living environment of animals are primarily the main etiological factor. Moreover, many authors indicate the differences between breeds of cows in resistance to mastitis. High-productive breeds are generally more susceptible to the udder inflammation, in comparison to the local breeds. The greatest reduction in milk yield is observed in the case of these breeds, and especially in Holstein-Friesian breed, in which the decline of daily yield at somatic cell count (SCC) amounting above 500,000 per ml of milk can reach 25%. The probability of mastitis occurrence increases with an age of cows and following lactation, and dry period is a time of increased risk. Higher incidence of inflammation is also associated with abnormalities in the construction of the udder (unevenly developed quarters, too long or too short teats). In recent years, a possible relationship between feeding system of cows with their resistance to udder infections has been reported. It is emphasized that a deficiency of selenium and vitamins A and E in the ration may contribute to the increase in the number of mastitis incidences. There are, however, unclear opinions of various authors on the effect of automatic milking system on udder health.

scholarly journals Feed intake and production in dairy breeds dependent on the ration.

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-61
Author(s):  
S. Korver
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Carryover Effect ◽  
Holstein Friesian

In 2 lactations and the dry period, with a changeover between lactations, Dutch Black Pied (DBP), Holstein-Friesian (HF) and DBP/HF crosses with 50% and 75% HF were offered roughage to appetite and 570 or 2310 kg concentrates per lactation. Energy intakes in the 2 lactations were 21 and 27% lower and roughage intakes 22 and 17% higher for cows given low-concentrates vs. high-concentrates; there was no carryover effect from lactation into the dry period when all cows received the same amount of concentrates. HF cows had higher roughage intakes than DBP by 4-5% but differences were only significant in late lactation. HF cows gave 10.1 and 7.2% (594 and 407 kg) more milk and 7.7 and 3.7% more milk energy than DBP cows in the 2 lactations resp.; this contrasts with a yield superiority of HF cows by 15% (974 kg) in the preceding lactation when concentrates were given according to milk yield. Milk yield was 20% (1250 kg) higher with high- than with low-concentrate; a carryover effect was noted at the beginning of the 2nd lactation. Efficiency of energy conversion to milk yield was significantly affected by ration at the beginning of lactation. Breed x ration interaction effects were not significant for intake or milk yield. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Effects of underfeeding during the second gestation of Holstein-Friesian heifers. 2. Residual effects on second lactation performance

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 ◽  
pp. 93-93
Author(s):  
J.M. Moorby ◽  
R.J. Dewhurst ◽  
W.J. Fisher ◽  
D.W.R. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Lactational Performance ◽  
Protein Feeding ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Ad Libitum

Previous work has shown that dry period protein feeding can have important residual effects on the subsequent lactational performance in dairy cows (Moorby et al., 1996), although the results have been variable. This variability may be due to an animals nutrient requirements during late lactation and its ability to compensate during the dry period for previously inadequate supplies. This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of heifer age and level of concentrate offered during the second half of the first lactation on the second lactation performance. The size of the Longissimus dorsi was monitored as a marker of skeletal muscle use for lactation.Thirty-eight Holstein-Friesian heifers were treated as described by Dewhurst et al. (1997). Briefly, animals were divided into 4 treatment groups differing in age at first calving (2 or 3 years old) and level of concentrate feeding for the last 18-20 weeks of their first lactation (2 kg/d, ‘L’, or 7 kg/d, ‘H’; n=11, 11, 9 and 7 for treatments 2L, 2H, 3L and 3H respectively). Six weeks before predicted calving date, animals were dried off and offered a relatively low quality diet of ad libitum access to a grass silage:straw mix (40:60 on a DM basis), designed to offer them little chance to compensate for previous differences in diet. After calving, animals were offered a diet of ad libitum access to grass silage plus 8 kg/d concentrate to day 120 of lactation, and 5 kg/d thereafter. Live weight was recorded weekly. After calving, milk yields were recorded daily, and milk samples taken weekly, to week 20 of lactation.

Effects of body condition and dry cow feeding on disease incidences in the first 100 days of lactation in Holstein-Friesian cows

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 201-201
Author(s):  
R. J. Dewhurst ◽  
J. M. Moorby ◽  
D. W. R. Davies ◽  
W. J. Fisher ◽  
N. C. Friggens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Body Reserves ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
As Effects

Genetic potential for milk production has increased rapidly in the Holstein-Friesian breed and there is concern that this might be causing an increased incidence of health problems. We have recently (Ingvartsen et al., 2002) reviewed the inter-relationships between lactation performance and health, demonstrating the importance of considering effects on/of body reserves as well as effects on/of milk production. Whilst we identified mechanisms whereby body reserves can have a direct effect on susceptibility to disease, disease also affects body reserves making it difficult to study their inter-relationships. The dry period is a particularly interesting period in this regard, because additional nutrients are directed towards reserves, whilst it is followed by a period (early lactation) of high disease incidence. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of body condition score (BCS) at calving, as well as the effects of dry period diets designed to alter BCS, on disease incidences in the first 100 days of lactation.

scholarly journals Dietary Supplementation of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) during the Dry Period Improves Redox Balance in Lactating Dairy Cows

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olimpia Barbato ◽  
Belinda Holmes ◽  
Iulia-Elena Filipescu ◽  
Pietro Celi
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Condition Score

Thirty-six pregnant Holstein–Friesian cows were used to study the effect of Yerba Mate (YM) supplementation during the dry period on redox balance. The treatments groups were Control (no YM), YM 250 (250 g/cow/day), and YM 500 (500 g/cow/day). Blood samples were obtained 30 days prepartum, at calving, and monthly postpartum until four months post calving. Liveweight (LW) and body condition score (BCS) were assessed prepartum, at calving, and then postpartum monthly until the end of the trial. Plasma was analyzed for hydroperoxides (d-ROMs), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and biological antioxidant potential (BAP). The oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated as OSI = ROMs/BAP × 100. Cows were milked twice daily, and milk yield data were recorded daily. Redox balance was improved by YM supplementation, as reflected in the lower OSI values observed in the YM groups. Yerba Mate supplementation significantly affected LW, but did not affect BCS. Milk yield averaged 28.1 ± 0.40, 29.0 ± 0.48, and 29.9 ± 0.46 L/cow/day in the Control, YM 250, and YM 500 groups, respectively, but was not significant. Nutritional manipulation during the dry period with Yerba Mate has demonstrated the potential to improve redox balance and milk yield.

The effectiveness of prophylactic sterilisation of beehive materials by gamma radiation

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 809 ◽  
Author(s):  
BP Oldroyd ◽  
C Reinganum
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Nosema Apis ◽  
Average Gain ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Average Weight Gain

Honeybee (Apis mellifera) colonies hived in beehive materials that had been sterilised by gamma irradiation had an average weight gain of 29.3 kg while those housed in untreated hives had an average gain of 27.1 kg.Bees sampled from both the treated and untreated colonies were examined for the presence of Nosema apis and virus, causitive organisms of stress related diseases, at the end of the season. No significant differences were found. The slight increase in weight (2.2 kg) of the sterilised colonies was not sufficient to justify the cost of prophylactic sterilisation of beehive equipment.

scholarly journals PSXIV-5 Results of external use of staphylococcal toxoid for the prevention of mastitis in cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 315-315
Author(s):  
Dariya Kashtanova ◽  
Valerii G Skopichev ◽  
Flura Alistratova ◽  
Polina A Polistovskaia ◽  
Nataliya A Panova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
North West ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
The North ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Mastitis in cows in the farms of the Russian Federation cause great economic damage. Economic losses include the cost of treating cows and the cost of recycled milk. In the farms of the North-West region of the Russian Federation mastitis occurs in 20–30% of lactating cows. An important task is to find effective ways to prevent mastitis. The task of our research included the study of the effectiveness of external use of staphylococcal toxoid. For the experiment, 2 experimental groups of dry cows of 10 animals each were formed. For the first group of cows, 5 days before the expected date of calving, an ointment containing staphylococcal toxoid and dimethyl sulfoxide was applied to the area of the milk mirror. Udder treatment was performed once a day for five days. Cows of the second group were immunized with Starvac® vaccine in accordance with the instructions, twice during the dry period. The third group of cows (n = 20) was the control. After calving, the concentration of immunoglobulins in colostrum was examined in all cows. In cows of the first group, the concentration of immunoglobulins G, M and A in colostrum was 8.59 ± 0.9; 1.1 ± 0.13 and 5.42 ± 0.9 g / l, respectively. The concentration of immunoglobulins in cows of the first group was higher, on average, by 1.3–2.0 times in comparison with cows that were given the Starvac vaccine. In comparison with the control group, the growth of all classes of immunoglobulins was determined by 2.2 - 5.2 times (P &lt; 0.01). The results obtained showed high efficacy of external use of staphylococcal toxoid together with dimethisulfoxide.

Effects of forage type and protein supplementation on voluntary intakes and particle breakdown of forages by dry dairy cows

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 207-207
Author(s):  
R.J. Dewhurst ◽  
D.W.R. Davies ◽  
W.J. Fisher ◽  
I.J. Thomas ◽  
A.T. Adesogan
Keyword(s):  
Close Association ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Particle Size Reduction ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Forage Type ◽  
Protein Supply

There is now considerable evidence of residual effects of both energy and protein supply during the dry period on performance in the next lactation. Changes in forage intake and eating/rumination behaviour in the dry period have been implicated in predisposition to metabolic disorders in the subsequent lactation. In particular, there is a close association between intake either side of calving (Grummer, 1995). The primary objective of this experiment was to identify the effects, and interactions, of pre-partum energy and protein supply on forage intake and particle size reduction (as an index of rumination behaviour) of cows in the dry period.Fifty-two Holstein-Friesian cows, calving from September to November 1996, were used in a continuous design experiment The cows were dried off 8 weeks before their anticipated calving date and grazed on bare pasture for one week before training to use Calan gates (using grass silage only).

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