The effects of tryptophan and pyridoxine supplied orally to nursing piglets on weight loss and social behavior after weaning

This study evaluated the effect of oral supplementation with tryptophan (Trp) and pyridoxine (Pyr) on the growth performance and social behavior of suckling piglets before and after weaning. At day 14, six suckling piglets per sow were distributed into three treatments and allotted in a randomized block design, with eight replicates and two piglets per experimental unit. Treatments consisted of a Control - oral supplementation with L-alanine (1.70 g), D-glucose (1.74 g) and distilled water (3.44 mL); Trp - oral supplementation with Trp (3.5 g/d) and distilled water; and Trp + Pyr - oral supplementation with Trp (3.5 g/d) + Pyr (0.0095 g/d) and distilled water. Each treatment was supplied orally five times per day (2.5 mL each treatment), from 14 to 21 days old. Piglets were monitored continuously in the nursing phase for 24 h at 21, 28 and 33 days of age to assess the behavior (standing, lying, eating, socializing, sitting and drinking). Piglets receiving oral Trp + Pyr showed a decreased weight loss on the first day after weaning (P = 0.03). Performance was not affected (P > 0.05) by treatments in each studied period, such as in overall period (21 to 34 days) after weaning. Piglets receiving Trp supplementation visited the feeders more frequently from days 21 to 22 (P < 0.01) and from days 28 to 29 (P < 0.02), as well as in the overall period (P < 0.01). It is concluded that high doses of tryptophan with or without high doses of pyridoxine, supplied orally to nursing piglets, reduced the weight loss on the first day after weaning and increased the frequency of visits to the drinkers on the first day after weaning and also to the feeders, mainly from weaning until 7 days after.

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Substrate and indolebutyric acid in the rooting of pomegranate cuttings collected in two seasons

Scientia Agraria Paranaensis ◽

10.18188/sap.v20i2.25322 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 202-208

Author(s):

Kelly Pirola ◽

Marcelo Dotto ◽

Darcieli Aparecida Cassol ◽

Alexandre Luis Alegretti ◽

Américo Wagner Júnior

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Punica Granatum ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Phenological Stage ◽

Indolebutyric Acid ◽

Commercial Exploitation ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Before And After ◽

Red Latosol ◽

Punica Granatum L

The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) presents potential for commercial exploitation as a fruit, ornamental or medicinal plant. However, for its usage in orchards, it is ideal that the seedlings come from vegetative propagation techniques. The aim of this work was to test the usage of indolebutyric acid (IBA) and substrates, at two harvesting times (before and after fruiting) in the cutting propagation of pomegranate. The work was carried out at UTFPR, Campus Dois Vizinhos. The experiments were installed in a randomized block design, in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme (IBA concentration x substrate), with four replications and ten cuttings per experimental unit. IAB was tested at concentrations 0; 1000; 2000 and 3000 mg L-1. The used substrates were Red Latosol, medium textured sand, commercial substrate MecPlant® and a mixture of Red Latosol + sand + commercial (1:1:1, v/v). The cuttings were placed in beds in a screened protected environment, with 50% shading. Irrigation was performed three times a day for 30 min., by a micro sprinkler. After 60 days, rooting (%), cuttings with callus (%), number of primary leaf and root shoots, length of the three largest roots and percentage of dead cuttings were evaluated. Cutting presented itself as a potential technique to be adopted for pomegranate, using sand, with the use of IBA at concentrations between 1600 and 1750 mg L-1. Cuttings must be collected before fruiting. However, rhizogenesis close to 50% was achieved at the time after such phenological stage.

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251 Evaluation of Condensed Algal Residue Solubles as an Ingredient in Cattle Finishing Diets

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.239 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 137-138

Author(s):

Calvin Gibbons ◽

Andrea K Watson ◽

Galen E Erickson ◽

Bradley M Boyd ◽

Levi J McPhillips ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Great Plains ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Block Design ◽

Random Effect ◽

Distillers Grains ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Finishing Diets ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Algae Oil

Abstract Algae oil production for Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation yields a byproduct called Condensed Algal Residue Solubles (CARS; 25.4% DM, 19.3% CP, 8.3% Fat, 9.96% Na on DM basis), de-oiled algae cells with residual fermentation substrates. This study evaluated the use of CARS in feedlot finishing diets. Crossbreed steers, (n=480) were blocked and stratified by initial body weight (BW) into 4 blocks, and assigned randomly to treatments. Treatments were designed as a 2 x 3 factorial with 3 inclusions of CARS (0, 2.5, 5% of diet DM) and 2 different base diets representing Northern and Southern Great Plains diets. The Southern diets contained steam flaked corn and dry distillers grains while the Northern diets had dry rolled and high moisture corn with wet distillers grains. CARS replaced corn in both diets. All blocks were harvested after 148 days on feed. Performance data were analyzed as a randomized block design with CARS inclusion, base diet, and interactions as fixed effects, BW block as a random effect and pen (n=48) as the experimental unit. Orthogonal contrasts were used to test linear and quadratic effects of CARS inclusion. There were no significant interactions between CARS inclusion and diet type (P ≥ 0.49). Main effects of CARS indicated positive quadratic responses for carcass adjusted ADG, G:F, 12th rib back fat, yield grade (P < 0.01; increasing to 2.5% inclusion, decreasing at 5%) and hot carcass weight was both linear and quadratic (P ≤ 0.01 and P ≥ 0.06 respectively; 969, 977, 935 as CARS increased). Linear decrease in DMI, final adjusted BW and ribeye area (P ≤ 0.01) as CARS increased. Cattle fed the Southern diets had greater ADG and G:F compared to Northern diets (P < 0.01). Including 2.5% CARS in the diet improved feed efficiency in both Northern and Southern based feedlot diets.

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Evaluation of different corn textures in dry grain or silage forms for piglets from 7 to 15 kg

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982009000900017 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 38 (9) ◽

pp. 1757-1761

Author(s):

José Vieira Neto ◽

Vinícius de Souza Cantarelli ◽

Elias Tadeu Fialho ◽

Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo ◽

Nikolas de Oliveira Amaral ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Initial Weight ◽

Large White ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Independent Form ◽

Ensilage Corn

The objective of this study was to evaluate different textures and storage forms of corn in piglet diets. Two experiments were conducted, one of which tested digestibility of nutrients and the other diet performance. In the digestibility trial, 24 crossbred (Landrace X Large White) barrows with an initial weight of 18.7 ± 1.5 kg were used. They were kept in metabolic cages in a randomized block design using the factorial arrangement 2 X 2 (type of corn - dent and flint X type of storage - moist grain silage and dry grain) and six replicates, with one animal as the experimental unit. The values of metabolizable energy (ME) obtained were 3841 kcal of ME/kg of dry matter (DM) from dry corn, 3912 kcal of ME/kg of DM from moist corn, 4022 kcal of DM from ensiled dry corn and 3928 kcal of ME/kg of DM from ensiled humidity corn. The ensilage process increases the digestibility coefficient of dry matter and crude protein and increases the digestible energy of the diets, independent of the process form. The type of corn did not influence these variables. In the performance trial, 60 barrows (initial weight of 6.5 ± 1.5 kg) of the same stock were used during 28 days of post-weaning distributed in the same experimental design, with five replicates and three animals as the experimental unit. The treatments did not influence the daily weigh gain or the daily feed intake. The dentate corn and the ensilage process decreased the feed conversion of the independent form (no significant interaction). The substitution of dry for ensilage corn increased the digestibility of the nutrients in the diets and the feed conversion of the piglets from 7 to 15 kg. Dentate corn promotes best feed conversion in this phase.

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POTENCY OF PREDATOR (Menochilus sexmaculatus) AUGMENTATION FOR WHITE FLY (Bemisia tabaci) MANAGEMENT AND ITS EFFECT ON GEMINI VIRUS INFESTATION ON TOMATO

Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.21082/ijas.v13n1.2012.18-26 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 18

Author(s):

W. Setiawati ◽

N. Gunaeni ◽

T. S. Uhan ◽

A. Hasyim

Keyword(s):

Bemisia Tabaci ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

Block Design ◽

Control Agent ◽

Tomato Yield ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Before And After ◽

Yield Gain ◽

Repeated Use ◽

Gemini Virus

Bemisia tabaci (Gen.) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most serious pests on tomato. It is mainly controlled by chemi-cal means, requiring some 25 sprays during the average growing season. The extensive and repeated use of insecticides has dis-rupted the natural balance between this pest and its natural enemies. In this study, Menochilus sexmaculatus F. was evalu-ated as a possible biological control agent of B. tabaci and its effect on Gemini virus infestation. The study was conducted at the experimental station of the Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute (IVeGRI) in Lembang, West Java (1,250 m above sea level) from August to December 2008. The experimental plots consisted of 0.35 ha of tomato (± 100 m2 per plot) and spatially separated with four rows of maize (a minimum of 1 m) inter-plot distance to prevent cross-contamination among plots. The experiment was arranged in completely randomized block design with eight treatments and four replications. M. sexmaculatus were released at 24 days after planting. The treatments were designed according dosages and schedules at three released populations (i.e. 10 predators per plot, 20 predators per plot, and 10 predators per plot at vegetative stage followed by 20 predators per plot at generative stage); two places of release (center and edge of the plot); and two schedules of release (weekly and biweekly). Efficacy of the predator was measured in terms of the density of B. tabaci, both before and after release of the predator and its effect on Gemini virus infestation. The result indicated the potential use of M. sexmaculatus to control B. tabaci and its effect on Gemini virus infestation on tomato. Reductions in B. tabaci populations and subsequent tomato yields were significant. B. tabaci population in plots receiving 10 predators showed 73.62% and 75.75% reductions by the end of experiment. The incidence and intensity of Gemini virus were consistently and significantly lowest and tomato yield gain was observed when 10 predators were released at weekly intervals. It is suggested that release of M. sexmaculatus against B. tabaci on tomato may be offered as an alternative solution to increase implementation of biologically-based B. tabaci management. <br /><br />

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Physiological responses of beet plants irrigated with saline water and silicon application

Comunicata Scientiae ◽

10.14295/cs.v11i0.3113 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. E3113

Author(s):

José Sebastião de Melo Filho ◽

Toshik Iarley da Silva ◽

Anderson Carlos de Melo Gonçalves ◽

Leonardo Vieira de Sousa ◽

Mario Leno Martins Véras ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Carbon Concentration ◽

Saline Water ◽

Block Design ◽

Essential Element ◽

Net Photosynthesis ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Randomized Block Design

Although not considered an essential element, silicon can be used to increase crop productivity, especially under stress conditions. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the gas exchange of beet plants irrigated with saline water depending on the application of silicon. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, in a 5 x 5 factorial, referring to five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (ECw): (0.5; 1.3; 3.25; 5.2 and 6.0 dS m-1) and five doses of silicon (0.00; 2.64; 9.08; 15.52 and 18.16 mL L-1), with six beet plants as an experimental unit. The effect of treatments on beet culture was evaluated at 30 and 60 days after irrigation with saline water from measurements of internal carbon concentration, stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis rate, instantaneous water use efficiency and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency using the LCpro+Sistem infrared gas analyzer (IRGA). Irrigation with saline water reduced the gas exchange of beet plants at 60 days after irrigation, but at 30 days after irrigation, the use of saline water increased stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and internal carbon concentration. The application of silicon decreased stomatal conductance, internal carbon concentration and efficiency in the use of water, but increased the rate of net photosynthesis, the rate of transpiration and instantaneous efficiency of carboxylation at 30 and 60 days after irrigation.

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PERBEDAAN PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH PRA LANSIA PRE HIPERTENSI YANG DIBERI JUS TOMAT (Lycopersicum grandifilum)

JURNAL MEDIA KESEHATAN ◽

10.33088/jmk.v10i2.337 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 152-158

Author(s):

Hari Yani Fadillah

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Block Design ◽

Pressure Control ◽

Tomato Juice ◽

Control Group ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Before And After ◽

Blood Pressure Treatment ◽

And Control

The research aims to know the effect of tomato juice on blood pressure in pre-elderly pre hypertension at Posbindu Puskesmas Nusa Indah Bengkulu City.The design of research was a quasi experiment include pre test post test. This population was all patients posbindu aged 45-59 years. Sampling of this research randomized block design of one factorial were 6 samples divided into treatment and control group. The data which have been analyzed using univariate and bivariate. From this research were obtained the results such as the mean of sistole blood pressure before and after intervention in treatment group p = 0,273 and diastole p = 0,27. Mean systole blood pressure control group p = 0.060 and diastole p = 2.14. Distribution of tomato juice (Lycopersicum grandifilum) did not given affect the decrease in blood pressure of systole diastole before and after intervention in pre-elderly pre hypertension. Whereas the difference in mean systole of blood pressure treatment and control group p = 0.935 and diastolic of blood pressure p = 0.678. There ware not difference in mean of blood pressure in the tomato juice treatment group and control of Vitamin C. The result concluded there were not effect of tomato juice (Lycopersicum grandifilum) on systolic of blood pressure in pre-elderly pre hypertension at Posbindu Puskesmas Nusa Indah Bengkulu City.

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Correction of soil compaction using wood ash in safflower crop

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.19.13.08.p1878 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1375-1382

Author(s):

Tulio Martinez Santos ◽

Edna Maria Bonfim Silva ◽

Tonny José Araújo da Silva ◽

Ana Paula Alves Barreto Damasceno

Keyword(s):

Bulk Density ◽

Root System ◽

Soil Compaction ◽

System Development ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Wood Ash ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Root System Development ◽

Randomized Block Design

Soil compaction is a big limitation to food production in agriculture. Wood ash is an agro-industrial residue generated by the burning of biomass in boilers for energy production. It can be used as a corrective agent and fertilizer of the soil. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the root system of safflower cultivated under bulk density levels and wood ash doses in dystrophic Oxisol. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with a randomized block design under a 5x5 factorial scheme composed of 5 wood ash doses (0, 8, 16, 24, 32 g dm-3) and 5 bulk density levels (1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8 Mg m-3) with 4 replicates. The soil was collected from 0-0.20 m depth layer. Later it was incubated with the respective wood ash doses. Each experimental unit consisted of a pot made of three PVC (polyvinyl chloride) rings, in which the layers of 0.1-0.2 m were compacted. At 75 days after emergence, the plants were cut, their roots washed and the volume and dry mass checked. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and subsequent regression test, both at 5% probability. Soil densities negatively influenced the root system development and culture of safflower. Application of wood ash doses of 20 to 24 g dm-3 significantly improved root development of plant.

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Standardized ileal digestible (SID) isoleucine requirement of barrows (15- to 30- kg) fed low crude protein diets

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n5p3283 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 3283

Author(s):

Doglas Batista Lazzeri ◽

Leandro Dalcin Castilha ◽

Patrícia Barcellos Costa ◽

Ricardo Vianna Nunes ◽

Magali Soares dos Santos Pozza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Block Design ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Optimum Level ◽

Initial Weight ◽

Protein Deposition ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Protein Diets

This study aimed to determine the SID isoleucine (Ile) requirement of starting barrows fed low crude protein. Two experiments were carried out. Experiment 1: Ten crossbred barrows were used in order to determine the SID AA of the basal diet (treatment with the lowest SID Ile level used in the growth performance experiment), averaging 15.00 ± 0.27 kg of initial weight, individually housed in metabolic cages and allotted in a complete randomized design, with two treatments, five replicates and one animal per experimental unit. Treatments consisted of a basal (14.13% CP and 0.450% of SID Ile) and a free protein diet. Experiment 2: A performance experiment was carried out to determine the SID Ile requirement when using low crude protein diets. Forty crossbred barrows were used, averaging 15.00 ± 0.87 kg of initial weight and distributed in a randomized block design with five treatments (0.450, 0.520, 0.590, 0.660 and 0.730% of SID Ile) and two animals per experimental unit. The average daily gain (ADG) (P=0.049) and protein deposition (P=0.01) were affected by the studied SID Ile levels. The daily need of SID Ile was estimated at 5.9 g when considering 0.61% as the optimum level of SID Ile in the diet for an improved ADG and protein deposition.

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Evaluation of sunflower meal on growth and carcass traits of finishing pigs

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/s1413-70542005000100026 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 208-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Douglas de Carvalho Carellos ◽

José Augusto de Freitas Lima ◽

Elias Tadeu Fialho ◽

Rilke Tadeu Fonseca de Freitas ◽

Hunaldo Oliveira Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Carcass Traits ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Sunflower Meal ◽

Animal Science ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Crossbred Pigs ◽

Performance Trial

With the objective to evaluate the influence of increasing levels of inclusion of sunflower meal (SFM) solvent extraction (DM: 92.71%, CP: 27.50%, NDF: 43.57%, ADF: 32.96%, CF: 25.91%, EE: 3,08% and GE: 4390 kcal) on the performance and carcass characteristics of finishing swine, a performance trial was conducted in the Department of Animal Science of the Federal University of Lavras - MG. A total of 80 crossbred pigs (LD x LW) with initial weight of 62.20 ± 4.21 kg were utilized, one barrow and one gilt per experimental unit, allocated in a randomized block design. The treatments were represented by five diets with increasing levels of inclusion (0, 4, 8, 12 and 16%) of SFM. At the end of the experimental period, all pigs were slaughtered (99.80 ± 6.91kg) and submitted to the carcass evaluation by the Brazilian Method of Carcass Evaluation (ABCS, 1973). The increasing levels of SFM shown a linear reduction (P<0.05) in the feed intake, therefore all other variables, shown any significant effect. The carcass data evaluation also shown any significant effect (P>0.05) for any increasing levels of SFM in the diets, however, sex effect was found, in the barrows, which shown higher ETM, P2, AG and RCG and lower AOL in relation to the females In conclusion Sunflower meal should be included up to 16% in pig diet (isocaloric and isolysinic, basis ) with no major effects on growth performance or carcass traits of finishing pigs.

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Photosynthetic characteristics of hybrid and conventional rice plants as a function of plant competition

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582011000400010 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 803-809 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

G Concenço ◽

I Aspiazú ◽

L Galon ◽

E.A Ferreira ◽

M.A.M Freitas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Plant Competition ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Planting Density ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Rice Plants ◽

Hybrid Plants ◽

Randomized Block Design

The objective of this work was to evaluate the characteristics related to the photosynthetic ability of hybrid and inbred rice varieties, as a way to assess which of the two presented higher potential to stand out under conditions of competition. The trial was set in a greenhouse in completely randomized block design and 2 x 6 factorial scheme with four replications. Factor A consisted of rice varieties (hybrid or inbred) and factor B by competition levels. Treatments consisted in maintaining one plant of either BRS Pelota (inbred) or Inov (hybrid) variety at the center of the plot, under competition with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 plants of the variety BRS Pelota at the periphery of the experimental unit, according to the treatment. Fifty days after emergence (DAE), sub-stomatal CO2 concentration (Ci - mmol mol-1), photosynthetic rate (A - mmol m-2 s-1) and CO2 consumed (DC - mmol mol-1) were quantified, as well as shoot dry mass(SDM).Hybrid plants present higher photosynthesis capacity than inbred plants, when competing with up to 3 times its own density. When under the same competitive intensity, hybrid plants surpass the inbred. However, it should be emphasized that, when in farm condition, the lower competitive capacity with weeds often attributed to the hybrid varieties, probably is due to their lower planting density, but if weed competition is kept at low levels, hybrid rice plants may perform in the same way or usually better than inbred plants.

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