scholarly journals Influence of energy supplementation on associative effects in Nellore bulls on a tropical pasture during the rainy season

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 2585-2598
Author(s):  
Mariane Stahlhofer ◽  
◽  
Ériton Egidio Lisboa Valente ◽  
Lívia Vieira de Barros ◽  
Matheus Leonardi Damasceno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Substitution Effect ◽  
Tropical Pasture ◽  
Tropical Pastures ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Energy Supplementation ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of energy supplementation on associative effects between forage and concentrate supplements and on the performance of beef cattle on a tropical pasture during the rainy season. Twenty-eight Nellore bulls averaging 19 months of age and 325.2 ± 4.1 kg were allotted to a completely randomized design and distributed into four paddocks of two hectares each with a tropical pasture for 84 d. The treatments consisted of bulls on Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraés pasture without concentrate supplementation or bulls on Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraés pasture receiving concentrate supplementation at 15 (S15), 30 (S30) or 45% (S45) of the total digestible nutrients (TDN) requirement All bulls had ad libitum access to mineral supplementation. The amount and chemical composition of the supplement were adjusted every 28 d. Forage and supplement intakes were evaluated in all animals using fecal markers. Crude protein: digestible organic matter ratio decreased with supplementation; consequently, the imbalance between dietary protein and energy increased. Forage intake decreased with increasing supplementation. The substitution rates of pasture for supplementary feed were 0.14, 0.33, and 0.46 for bulls from S15, S30, and S45 treatments, respectively. However, the apparent DM digestibility increased linearly with supplementation level. Supplementation improved the assimilation of ammonia-N in the rumen. Energy supplementation for Nellore bulls on tropical pastures during the rainy season provides excess energy relative to protein, resulting in a substitution effect of supplement intake on forage intake. Moreover, energy supplementation does not improve body weight gain. Protein sources should be added to supplements for balancing protein and energy levels, thereby reducing a likely substitution effect.

Forage intake, milk yield and composition of cows in a silvopastoral system with and without access to the forage tree and energy supplementation during the rainy season

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 199-199
Author(s):  
V. Valdivia ◽  
C.A. Sandoval-Castro ◽  
K. Otaduy ◽  
J.C. Ku-Vera
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Silvopastoral Systems ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Silvopastoral System ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Energy Supplementation ◽  
Grass Growth

The improvement in animal performance obtained in silvopastoral systems has been explained either by their ingestion of a higher quality grass (Hernandez et al., 2001, Iglesias, 1998) resulting from the inclusion of a legume in the system which provide N for grass growth or due to the intake of the legume itself, which in turn is also of higher quality than grass. During the rainy season, animals might be able to increase selectivity and intake due to the higher availability of biomass hence possibly reducing the advantage of including a legume in the system. The objective of the present work was to discriminate in a silvopastoral system the effect of improved grass quality and legume intake on dual purpose lactating cows milk yield and composition.

scholarly journals PSII-9 Drylot weaned calves at dry-to-rainy transition and rainy season and their effects on the growing phase

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 401-402
Author(s):  
Felipe A Nascimento ◽  
Laura F Prados ◽  
Luciana M Sousa ◽  
Ivanna M Oliveira ◽  
Flávio D Resende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mineral Salt ◽  
Energy Supplement ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Nutritional Strategy ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Energy Supplementation

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the best nutritional strategy for weaned calves at dry-to-rainy transition and rainy season and their effects on the growing phase. One hundred sixteen Nellore weaned males (initial BW of 173±23 kg; 10 months) were used in a randomized complete block design (blocked by BW) in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments (divided in 12 lots with 9 or 10 animals/lot). Factor 1 was the strategy in the dry-to-rainy season transition (period I; pasture vs. drylot) and factor 2 was the strategy for the rainy season [period II; mineral salt ad libitum (MS) vs. supplement 3 g/kg BW]; consisting of four treatments: pasture in period I and MS in period II; pasture in period I and protein-energy supplement in period II (PEII); drylot in period I and mineral salt in period II; drylot in period I and PEII. At period I, all animals received a protein-energy supplementation (5 g/kg BW). The experiment lasted 244 days. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED of SAS. In period I, animals from drylot had highest final BW and ADG (P < 0.01; Table 1). There was no interaction among factors (P ≥ 0.772) in period II. In period II, ADG and carcass gain were highest from pasture animals (P < 0.01). Final BW and HCW were similar (P >0.788) at the end of period II, showing that animals recovery BW. Among strategies at rainy season, animals fed PEII had greater final BW and ADG (P < 0.01). Overall growing phase, HCW and carcass gain were greater for animals fed PEII (P < 0.01). Regardless of the strategy used in the dry-to-rainy season transition, animals were able to equalize final BW at the end of growing phase. In addition, protein-energy supplement at rainy season improves animal performance at the end of growing phase.

scholarly journals PSXII-17 Trace minerals source influences the performance of Nellore cattle in the growing phase during the transition between dry to rainy season in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 445-446
Author(s):  
Iorrano A Cidrini ◽  
Josiane F Lage ◽  
Igor Ferreira ◽  
Karla Oliveira ◽  
Laura F Prados ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Liver Concentration ◽  
Nellore Cattle ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Matter Basis

Abstract The relative bioavailability of trace minerals may vary between the sources and impact the animal performance. The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of TM source (Cu and Zn) on the liver concentration and performance of Nellore cattle supplemented in the growing phase during the transition between dry to rainy season. A hundred and twenty Nellore young bulls (BW = 349.72 ± 24 kg; 24 months), blocked by BW, were assigned randomly to twelve paddocks (six paddocks/treatment and 10 animals/paddock). Animals grazing Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu and supplemented at 5 g/kg BW with soybean meal, corn and mineral mix (250 g/kg of CP and 650 g/kg de NDT, natural matter basis). Supplements consisted of 40 mg Cu and 148 mg Zn/kg DM from either inorganic TM (ITM) or hydroxy TM (HTM) Intellibond® sources. Liver samples were collected at the beginning and end of the study (three animals per paddock). Animals were weighed at each period (30 days) during three periods. Period was used as a REPEATED measurement for BW and values of initial BW as independent covariates for all variables. Paddock was considered experimental unit. Data were analyzed by ANOVA using PROC MIXED, SAS 9.4. The animals supplemented with HTM had higher (+0.037 kg/day) general ADG (day 0 to 90; P = 0.012), with 0.469 and 0.506 kg/day to ITM and HTM, respectively. Final BW (day 90) from animals fed HTM was 5.13 kg higher than ITM (391.97 vs. 397.11 kg BW; P = 0.030). No differences were found in the liver concentrations of Cu and Zn between ITM or HTM (P ≥ 0.288). Cu and Zn from HTM improve the performance of animals supplemented in pasture compared to ITM sources.

scholarly journals Demonstrating control of forage allowance for beef cattle grazing Campos grassland in Uruguay to improve system productivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Do Carmo ◽  
Gerónimo Cardozo ◽  
Martín Jaurena ◽  
Pablo Soca
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Energy Supplementation ◽  
Cattle Systems ◽  
Physical Output

While low-cost technology can be applied within beef cattle systems to improve economic output and decrease economic risk, methodologies to increase adoption by farmers deserve attention. Here we report 4 case studies where low-cost, high-impact technology was applied on commercial farms in an endeavor to demonstrate increased physical output in what we describe as 'Producer Demonstration Sites'. Forage allowance (FA) affects forage growth, forage intake by animals and energy partitioning to maintenance or production. We decided to demonstrate the benefits to production from controlling forage allowance at specific recommended levels. While we focused on FA, other management tools, e.g. suckling restriction and energy supplementation of cows prior to breeding, were tested in different contexts and time periods to improve the critical responses mentioned. While increases in production from 3 of the farms were demonstrated, only 2 of the farmers showed interest in implementing the strategies on their farms subsequently. We conclude that control of forage allowance improved energy intake. For this approach to be successful and increase adoption, it is important to involve the farmers in discussions regarding the proposed changes from the outset as well as the monitoring of progress during the demonstration.

Use of fish heal to reduce compound feed usage in high yielding dairy herds

1984 ◽  
Vol 1984 ◽  
pp. 4-4
Author(s):  
I.H. Pike ◽  
E.L. Miller ◽  
M. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Substitution Effect ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Fixed Rate ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Forage Intake

Compound feeds are frequently used at a fixed rate of 0.36kg to 0.40kg/kg milk produced, in addition to forage and other home-grown feeds. Such linear scales take no account of the curvilinear response of milk yield to concentrate feed intake, nor of the substitution effect of concentrate feed upon forage intake. In high-yielding herds, the use of fixed rate scales can result in the provision of concentrate feeds in excess of 10kg/d. An experiment was designed to evaluate whether milk yields could be maintained while reducing concentrate feed intake, and therefore placing greater reliance on forage intake, and including sugar-beet pulp as a source of highly digestible but non-starchy concentrate, and fish meal as a source of high quality undegraded dietary protein

scholarly journals Effect of dietary concentrate level on body immune response in calves fed a wheat straw-based diet : short communication

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Santra ◽  
N.N. Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Differential Leukocyte Count ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group Protein ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Group B

Twenty 9-month-old crossbred calves were divided into 2 equal groups (A and B; n = 10). The feeding trial was conducted for 119 days to study the effect of concentrate supplementation on body immune response and blood metabolites in calves. The concentrate and roughage (wheat straw) ratio in the diet of Groups A and B was 60:40 and 30:70, respectively. Daily dry matter intake was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in Group A than in Group B, which also resulted in significantly higher (P < 0.01) total body weight gain in the former group. Protein, albumin, globulin, total and differential leukocyte count in blood were similar in the 2 groups but blood glucose level was higher (P < 0.05) in the calves of Group A. There was no difference in body immune response between the groups, which indicated that body immune response of animals is not significantly influenced by restricted concentrate feeding.

scholarly journals Evaluation of supplementation plans for suckling beef calves managed on tropical pasture

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidnei Antônio Lopes ◽  
Mário Fonseca Paulino ◽  
Edenio Detmann ◽  
Ériton Egídio Lisboa Valente ◽  
Luciana Navajas Rennó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Tropical Pasture ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Tropical Pastures ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Average Body

This study assessed the effects of different amounts of supplement on the productive performance, nutrional caracteristics and behaviour of suckling beef calves, as well as on the productive performance of their dams on tropical pastures. Forty-four male Nellore beef calves with an average age of 120 days and an initial average body weight (BW) of 145±3.7 kg and their respective dams, with an average BW of 449±6.9 kg, were used. The amounts of supplement evaluated were as follows: 0 = calves received only mineral mixture ad libitum; 3, 6, and 9 = calves received 3, 6, or 9 g kg-1 BW of supplement, respectively, containing 250 g CP kg-1 (as-fed). The experimental design was completely randomized. A positive linear effect (P < 0.01) was observed in the intakes of dry matter and organic matter, and a cubic effect (P < 0.07) was observed for the intake of neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein. There was quadratic effect (P < 0.06) for total digestibility of neutral detergent fiber. A cubic effect (P < 0.01) was observed for the calves’ performance. However, the calves’ supplementation did not affect the milk yield and performance (P ? 0.21) of their dams. The supplementation decreased grazing time (P < 0.01) but did not influence suckling time (P ? 0.59). It is recommended supplying of supplement containing 250 g CP kg-1 (as-fed) in amount 6 g kg-1 BW to suckling beef calves managed in tropical pasture. Supplementation of suckling beef calves increases the intake of dry matter, decreases grazing time and forage intake. However, it does not affect the suckling time and productive performance of their dams.

scholarly journals Effects of L-carnitine supplementation of diets differing in energy levels on performance, abdominal fat content, and yield and composition of edible meat of broilers

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud H. Rabie ◽  
Mihály Szilágyi
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Carnitine Supplementation ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Different Levels

Responses to supplemental dietaryl-carnitine of broilers fed on diets with different levels of metabolizable energy (ME) were investigated using growth performance and some carcass measurements. Three isonitrogenous diets containing 13.5, 12.8 or 12.2 MJ ME/kg were formulated, with or without supplementall-carnitine (50mg/kg) and fedad libitumfrom 18 to 53 d of age. Supplementall-carnitine increased body-weight gain (BWG) and improved feed conversion (FC) during the first 2 weeks of study. FC was also improved during the fourth week of the experiment. Weights of breast yield and thigh meat yield were significantly increased, whereas quantity and percentage of abdominal fat were reduced by supplementall-carnitine. A significant interaction between supplemental dietaryl-carnitine and dietary energy level was noted for BWG and FC during the second week of study.

Effects of time and level of energy supplementation on intake and digestibility of low-quality tall fescue hay by sheep

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Howard ◽  
R. B. Muntifering ◽  
M. M. Howard ◽  
M. G. Hayek
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Substitution Effects ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Energy Supplementation ◽  
High Level

Effects of time and level of energy supplementation on forage intake, nutrient digestibility and ruminal pH were investigated with sheep fed low-quality tall fescue hay either alone (control; C) or supplemented (S) with concentrate at 10 (low; L) or 20% (high; H) of ad libitum forage intake; supplement was offered at 08:00 or 15:00 h. Supplementation increased (P < 0.05) digestible dry matter intake (DMI), total tract organic matter digestibility, N intake, and N digestibility, but decreased (P < 0.05) mean and minimum ruminal pH compared with C. Offering supplement at 08:00 h increased (P < 0.05) forage and total DMI, N intake, fecal N excretion and maximum ruminal pH, but lowered (P < 0.05) total tract digestibility of acid detergent fibre (ADF) and organic matter, and mean and minimum ruminal pH compared with 15:00 h. A high level of supplementation increased (P < 0.10) digestible DMI, postruminal digestion of neutral detergent fibre (NDF), and hemicellulose (HC), but lowered (P < 0.01) ruminal digestion of HC and NDF (P < 0.10), mean ruminal pH (P < 0.10) and total tract ADF digestion (P < 0.05) compared with L. These data suggest that the substitution effects of concentrate feeding on forage intake can be mitigated by changing the time of day when supplement is offered in relation to forage. Key words: Supplementary feeding, feed intake, digestibility, sheep

scholarly journals Body weight components of Nellore steers finished in tropical pastures

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 39005
Author(s):  
Vitor Visitin Silva de Almeida ◽  
Aline Cardoso Oliveira ◽  
Hellenn Cardoso Oliveira ◽  
Robério Rodrigues Silva ◽  
Dorgival Morais de Lima Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Tropical Pastures ◽  
Nellore Cattle ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Experimental Group

 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of supplementation on body weight components of Nellore cattle grazing in Urochloa brizantha. Twenty-four steers with initial body weight (BW) of 371 ± 14 kg and average age of 26 months were used. Four animals were slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment as a reference and the others were distributed in 4 treatments [0.0% (mineral salt), 0.3%, 0.6% and 0.9% supplement BW]. The slaughter of the experimental group was performed when the animals reached 450 kg and the body weight components were weighed. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and regression. The increase in supplementation level reduced (p < 0.05) pasture dry matter intake, but did not influence (p > 0.05) on empty body weight (EBW) (380.3 kg) and cold carcass weight (CCW) (247.5 kg). The weights of skin, liver, rumen and fat were not influenced (p > 0.05) by supplementation level. The animals gained, on average, 75.3 kg EBW and 50.7 kg CCW, but the treatments did not influence (p > 0.05) the gains of body weight components. The increasing of energetic-protein supplement level for Nellore steers in Urochloa brizantha pasture does not affect carcass and non-carcass components. 

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