Forage sorghum production under rainfed farming in sites with and without climate restriction for maize cultivation

Forage sorghum is a crop that can be planted in semiarid regions, due to its greater adaptability to dry climate environments, and can replace maize in these regions, which are often unsuitable for its production. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate the structural, morphological and nutritional characteristics of 23 sorghum hybrids forage cultivated in rainfed conditions, planted in different climate conditions, comparing the hybrids, in order to determine what produces the best in the climatic conditions of the explored region, and also to indicate whether this crop can be planted as a replacement for maize in environments not suitable for planting it. The research was conducted in climate BSh in the Municipality of Alvorada do Gurgueia, and climate Aw in the Municipality of Bom Jesus, both in the state of Piauí from 2014 to 2015. Each trial consisted of 20 experimental forage sorghum hybrids [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and three commercial hybrids. A randomized block design was used, with three replications in a factorial scheme (2 × 23). The growth characteristics determined were hybrid × climate interaction for the variables plant height, lodging and leaf/stem ratio. For the variable number of tillers, there was a significant difference only between hybrids. There was no difference between hybrids only for the lodging variable of climate Aw. The other variables showed a difference in all hybrids evaluated. There was an interaction for production of dead matter and total dry forage mass between the different environments and hybrids evaluated. For leaf production, there was an effect only for the different environments. For the chemical characteristics, there was an interaction for all variables analyzed between the different environments and hybrids evaluated. The semi-arid region of the State of Piauí, climate BSh which presents a high climatic risk for maize cultivation, proved to be favorable for forage sorghum production. The forage sorghum also presented agronomic characteristics similar to those found in semi humid climate Aw, a favorable region for maize cultivation. In addition, the tested hybrids showed good chemical characteristics, so the BSh climate has great exploratory potential for the cultivation of forage sorghum.

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The Effect of Variety and Gibberellic acid and Brassinolide and their Interaction on Some of The Chemical Characteristics and Total chlorophyll of the plant Dill Anethum graveolens L.

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.14.2.270-278 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 270-278

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Block Design ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Total Chlorophyll ◽

Anethum Graveolens ◽

Less Significant Difference ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Significant Factors

The experiment was carried out to study the effect of variety and gibberellic acid in concentration (0 and 50)mg.lat-1 and BL in five concentration (0, 0.50 ,1 ,2 and 3)mg.ltr-1 and their interaction in some chemical Characteristics and total chlorophyll for Dill plant . the experiment designed according Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and three replicates per treatment, compared to the average using less significant difference at the level of probability (0.05) , the results showed the following:- The effect of brassinolide with it,s concentrations led to obtain a significant increase in all the studied characteristics, so the superiority of the concentration of 2 mg.L-1 of brassinolide in each of Ca, Mg,Fe, and total chlorophyll The effect of gibberellic acid with it,s two concentrations led to obtain a significant increase in all the studied characteristics and the highest in of the concentrate at 50 mg.L-1in two local and hol and varieties. The all bilateral interactions had a significant effect on all the studies characteristics with superiority of the treatment (2 from brassinolide, 50 from gibberellic acid) mg. L-1 in the ratio of Ca, Mg,Fe and total chlorophyll. The tripleinter actions led not to obtain a significant increase in all of the study of significant factors

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Quality and correlation of physical and chemical parameters of goiaba cultivar fruits

Scientific Electronic Archives ◽

10.36560/1142018540 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 36-40

Author(s):

L. R. Fachi ◽

E. L. S. Garbugio ◽

A. F. N. Ferreira ◽

R. F. C. Machado ◽

W. Krause

Keyword(s):

Selection Process ◽

Block Design ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

The State ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Physical And Chemical Characteristics ◽

Physical And Chemical

The guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a fruit plant that is widely distributed in Brazil. In the state of Mato Grosso, the culture adapted well in an irrigated system, however, there are still few studies related to the quality of the fruits produced in the state. In this way the objective of this work was to evaluate the physical and chemical characteristics of guava fruits cultivated in the region of Tangará da Serra - MT and establish the correlation between these characteristics. A randomized complete block design with three cultivars (Rica, Ogawa and Paluma) was used, four replications with six plants, where the following characteristics were evaluated: fresh mass, length, diameter, length / diameter ratio, pulp percentage, Total soluble solids, titratable total acidity, pH and ratio. The fruits of the cultivars Paluma, Rica and Ogawa cultivated in Tangará da Serra-MT have quality both for the in natura market and for the industry, in addition, a correlation of the physical and chemical characteristics of the guava fruits was observed, allowing the use Of simpler feature evaluations to aid the selection process.

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KARAKTERISTIK FISIK DAN KIMIA SUSU KAMBING PERAH PERANAKAN ETTAWA YANG DIBERI KONSENTRAT FERMENTASI (Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Ettawa Cross Breed Goat Milk Which Was Given Fermented Concentrate)

JANHUS: Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan Journal of Animal Husbandry Science ◽

10.52434/janhus.v3i1.503 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 37

Author(s):

Raden Febrianto Christi ◽

Ana Rochana

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Boiling Point ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Ph Value ◽

Freezing Point ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Block Design ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Significant Difference

Abstrak Karakteristik fisik dan kimia susu sangat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor internal maupun eksternal diantaranya genetik, umur, bangsa, manajemen, dan pakan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Produksi Ternak Perah Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Padjadjaran dan Kelompok Tani Mekar Harapan, Ujung Berung, Bandung. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas kimia susu yaitu pH, kadar air, bahan kering dan sifat fisik titik beku dan titik didih yang diberi konsentrat fermentasi dalam ransum kambing peranakan ettawa. Materi yang digunakan adalah konsentrat dengan bahan limbah hasil pertanian yang mempunyai kandungan serat dan lemak tinggi, Saccaromyces cereviseae, EM 4 dan 20 ekor kambing peranakan ettawa dengan berbagai periode laktasi 2 dan 3. Metode statistik yang digunakan eksperimental yaitu rancangan acak kelompok penarikan anak contoh (subsampling) dengan 3 perlakuan yaitu R1 = Rumput lapang+100% konsentrat biasa, R2 = Rumput lapang+50% konsentrat biasa +50% konsentrat fermentasi, dan R3= Rumput lapang+100% konsentrat fermentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian rumput lapang yang ditambah konsentrat fermentasi dalam ransum menghasilkan perbedaan yang tidak nyata (P>0,05) terhadap pH, kadar air, bahan kering, dan titik beku susu. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini bahwa pemberian rumput lapang dan konsentrat fermentasi 100% menghasilkan nilai pH 6,83, kadar air 88,46%, bahan kering 11,54%, titik beku -0,5740C, dan titik didih 100,120C. Kata kunci : komposisi susu, kambing peranakan ettawa, konsentrat fermentasi Abstract The chemical characteristics of milk are strongly influenced by several internal and external factors including genetic, age, nation, management, and feed. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Dairy Livestock Production, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University and Mekar Harapan Farmers Group, Ujung Berung, Bandung. The study aimed to determine the chemical quality of milk such as pH, water content, dry matter, freezing point and boiling point which were given fermented concentrates in ettawa cross breed goat rations. The material used was concentrates with agricultural waste materials which have high fiber and fat content, Saccaromyces cereviseae, EM 4 and 20 ettawa cross breed goats with various lactation periods 2 and 3. The statistical methods used were experimental randomized block design (subsampling) with 3 treatments, namely R1 = field grass + 100% ordinary concentrate, R2 = field grass + 50% ordinary concentrate + 50% fermented concentrate, and R3 = field grass + 100% fermented concentrate. The results showed that administration of field grass plus concentrated fermentation in the ration resulted in no significant difference (P> 0.05) to pH, moisture content, dry matter, and freezing of milk. The conclusion in this study was that the provision of field grass and 100% fermented concentrate produced a pH value of 6.83, 88.46% moisture content, 11.54% dry matter, -0.5740C freezing point, and 100.120C boiling point. Keywords : compositon of milk, ettawa cross breed goat, fermented concentrate

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Weeding Frequency to Increase Productivity of Sorghum in Gumara -Maksegnit Watershed

ABC Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.18034/abcjar.v9i1.502 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 31-38

Author(s):

Yimer Abeje ◽

Tsedalu Jemberu ◽

Tesfay Jorgi

Keyword(s):

Early Stage ◽

Block Design ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Increase Productivity ◽

Sorghum Production ◽

Cropping Seasons ◽

Hand Weeding ◽

The Right

In the Amhara region, Ethiopia, sorghum production took 655,671 hectares of land, of which North Gondar zone accounts for one-third of it, 204, 686 ha. But its productivity is low, around 1.9 tons per hectare. Sorghum production has so many constraints, insect pest, disease, and weed infestation are the most known among them. Farmers in the Northwestern Ethiopia, Gumara-maksegnit watershed have no weeding habit of their sorghum at the right time and frequency because they believe that weed-free crops at the early stage of the crop will be infested with stalk borer damage and after at the beginning of September they start to weed their land and used the weed as a feed for their animal. Therefore the objective of this study was to determine the weeding frequency of sorghum in Gumara-maksegnit watershed, North Western Ethiopia in order to increase its productivity. The experiment was conducted in the Gumara- maksegnit watershed for two cropping seasons (2014-2015) in the main season at three sites. The experimental design was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments like weed-free, unweeded, and farmers practice treatments, hand weeding once, two times hand weeding, three times hand weeding, and Shelshalo were studied. According to the combined analysis of variance of the two-year data showed that weed-free treatments gave the highest yield (3314 kg/ha) followed by two times and three times hand weeding. However, there was no significant difference between weed-free and two times hand weeding. Therefore, two times hand weeding is recommended for Gondar Zuria and similar agroecological areas.

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Effect of Bio and Organic Fertilizers on Pumpkin's (Cucurbita pepo L.) Leave Content of N, P, and K

Al-Qadisiyah Journal For Agriculture Sciences (QJAS) (P-ISSN 2077-5822 E-ISSN 2617-1479) ◽

10.33794/qjas.vol10.iss1.104 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 241-245

Author(s):

Ammar Hameed Madi ◽

Jawad A. Kamal Al-Shibani

Keyword(s):

Cucurbita Pepo ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Flowering Stage ◽

College Of Agriculture ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Four Levels

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of bacterial bio-fertilization A. chroococcum and P. putide and four levels of compost (0, 1, 2, 3) tons.h-1 on the leaves content of N.P.K elements. The experiment was carried out in one of the greenhouses of the College of Agriculture - University of Al-Qadisiyah during fall season 2018-2019. It designed in accordance with the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates in sandy loam soil. The means of treatments were compared with the least significant difference (LSD) at (5)% probability level. The results present that the treatments of A. chroococcum, P. putide and compost at (3) tons.kg-1 significantly increases the leaves content of K.P.K compared to all other treatments in the flowering stage (4.970, 0.5000, and 4.930) mg.kg-1, respectively. This treatment was followed by the effect of the treatment of A. chroococcum and compost at (3) tons.kg-1, which increases the values of all traits except the leaf content of (P). Bio-fertilizer with P. putide + A. chroococcum significantly increases the leaves' content of P.

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Caracterização da Peneira Média em Clones de Coffea canephora

REVISTA FIMCA ◽

10.37157/fimca.v5i2.58 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 28-31

Author(s):

Darlan Darlan Sanches Barbosa Alves ◽

Victor Mouzinho Spinelli ◽

Marcos Santana Moraes ◽

Carolina Augusto De Souza ◽

Rodrigo da Silva Ribeiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Improvement ◽

Block Design ◽

Coffea Canephora ◽

Coffee Production ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Four Blocks ◽

Selection Of

Introdução: O estado de Rondônia se destaca como tradicional produtor de café, sendo o segundo maior produtor brasileiro de C. canephora. No melhoramento genético de C. canephora, a seleção de plantas de elevada peneira média está associada à bebida de qualidade superior. Objetivos: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a variabilidade genética de clones de C. canephora para o tamanho dos grãos, mensurado a partir da avaliação da peneira média (PM). Materiais e Métodos: Para isso, foi conduzido ao longo de dois anos agrícolas experimento no campo experimental da Embrapa no município de Ouro Preto do Oeste-RO, para a avaliação da peneira média de 130 genótipos (clones) com características das variedades botânicas Conilon, Robusta e híbridos intervarietais. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições de quatro plantas por parcela. Resultados: Não houve resultados significativos para a interação clones X anos, indicando uma maior consistência no comportamento das plantas ao longo do tempo. Porém foram observadas diferenças significativas para o tamanho dos grãos entre os genótipos avaliados, possibilitando selecionar genótipos superiores. Conclusão: Os genótipos agruparam-se em cinco classes de acordo com o teste de média, subsidiando a caracterização de um gradiente de variabilidade da característica avaliada ABSTRACTIntroduction: Coffea canephora accounts for approximately 35% of the world's coffee production. The state of Rondônia stands out as a traditional coffee producer, being the second largest Brazilian producer of C. canephora. In the classical genetic improvement of C. anephora, the selection of plants of high average sieve is associated with a drink of superior quality. Objectives: The objective of this udy was to evaluate the genetic variability of Coffea canephora clones for the agronomic medium sieve (PM). Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Embrapa, municipality of OuroPreto do Oeste-RO, located at coordinates 10º44'53 "S and 62º12'57". One hundred thirty genotypes (clones) of botanical characteristics Conilon, Robusta and intervarietal hybrids were evaluated in the agricultural years 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four blocks and four plants per plot, spacing 3.5 x 1.5 meters between plants. Results: Significant difference was found for the grain size. According to the F test, at 5% probability, the genotypes were grouped into five classes according to the mean test. Conclusion: The results obtained subsidized the characterization of a variability gradient of the evaluated trait.

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Nitrogen Requirement of Potato for Eastern Indo-Gangatic Plain of India

Journal of AgriSearch ◽

10.21921/jas.v7i03.18686 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (03) ◽

Author(s):

S. K. YADAV ◽

R. K. SINGH ◽

V. K. DUA ◽

S SINGH ◽

SARALA YADAV ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tuber Yield ◽

Potato Crop ◽

Block Design ◽

Nitrogen Level ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Research Station ◽

Net Benefit ◽

Marketable Tuber ◽

Benefit Cost Ratio ◽

Significant Difference

A field experiment was carried out during 2015-16 and 2016-17 at ICAR-Central Potato Research Station, Patna, Bihar, in randomized block design with four replications with objective to quantity the optimum requirement of nitrogen to potato crop. Significantly the highest plant height was recorded with nitrogen level of 300 kg/ha. Distributions of the smallest size of tuber yield of potato were decreasing with increasing the level of nitrogen. There was about 26.0% more yield of the smallest size tuber of potato was recorded with zero nitrogen as compare to the highest level of nitrogen i.e. 300 kg/ha. Increasing the nitrogen over the level of 150 to 225 kg per hectare, increasing the yield of tuber gradually slower rate than nitrogen level from 0 to 150 kg/ha. Total and marketable tuber yield of potato were increasing significantly with increasing level of nitrogen up to 150 kg/ha. There was no significant difference in marketable tuber yield was found for nitrogen level between 150 and 225 kg/ha. Highest (1.66) net benefit cost ratio was also recorded with level of nitrogen @ 150 kg/ha in potato. Hence, application of nitrogen @ 150 kg/ha was found statistically and economically more beneficial for potato cultivation in Eastern Indo-Gangatic plain of India.

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Can Residential Greenspace Exposure Improve Pain Experience? A Comparison between Physical Visit and Image Viewing

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9070918 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 918

Author(s):

Hansen Li ◽

Xing Zhang ◽

Shilin Bi ◽

Yang Cao ◽

Guodong Zhang

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

State Anxiety ◽

Pain Threshold ◽

Pain Perception ◽

The State ◽

Subjective Stress ◽

Pain Experience ◽

Scenic Beauty ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pain Stimuli

Reducing the burden of pain via greenspace exposure is a rising research topic. However, insufficient evidence has been found in relation to the environmental effect itself. Residential greenspace, as a convenient but limited natural environment for urban dwellers, has benefits and services yet to be discovered. Therefore, the current study recruited 24 young adults to evaluate the effects of physical visit to, or image viewing of, residential greenspace on pain perception and related psychophysiological outcomes, via simulated pain. Pain threshold and tolerance were recorded via the level of pain stimuli, and pain intensity was evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The state scale of the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S) and two adjective pairs were employed to measure the state anxiety and subjective stress, respectively. Meanwhile, heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and blood pressure (BP) were measured to investigate physiological responses. Besides, Scenic Beauty Estimation (SBE) was also employed to assess participants’ preference regarding the experimental environments. The results revealed that visiting the greenspace significantly increased the pain threshold and tolerance, while no significant effect was observed for image viewing. On the other hand, no significant difference was observed in pain-related psychophysiological indices between the experimental settings, but significantly negative associations were found between the scores of SBE and subjective stress and state anxiety. In conclusion, the current study brings experimental evidence of improving pain experience via residential greenspace exposure, while the related psychophysiological benefits require further investigation.

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The Effect of Stem Segment Cuttings of Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora) on Growth of Root and Leaf Sprout

Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development ◽

10.18488/journal.ajard.2021.111.28.34 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 28-34

Author(s):

Bistok Hasiholan Simanjuntak ◽

Devi Kusuma Wardani

Keyword(s):

Leaf Growth ◽

Block Design ◽

Experimental Treatment ◽

Coffea Canephora ◽

Stem Segment ◽

Significance Level ◽

Robusta Coffee ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Honestly Significant Difference ◽

Significant Difference

Robusta coffee plant propagation is recommended to be performed by vegetative methods, one of which is cuttings. Among plant organs that can be used for cuttings is the stem. The research objective was to determine which stem segment from cuttings was able to provide the best root and leaf growth. The layout study used a completely randomized block design (RBD) with an experimental treatment consisting of five stem segments, namely (1) the first stem segment from the upper shoot (A); (2) the second stem segment from the upper shoot (B); (3) the third stem segment from the upper shoot (C); (4) the fourth stem segment from the upper shoot (D); and (5) the fifth stem segment from the upper shoot (E); each treatment had five replications. Data analysis was performed statistically with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's HSD (honestly significant difference) test with a significance level of P < 0.05. Robusta coffee cuttings stems from the second stem segment from the upper shoot were able to provide the optimal root growth (root length) and shoot growth (leaf sprout height and leaf sprout growth rate). Leaf sprout number derived from the cuttings was not affected by the stem segment.

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Harvesting and Threshing Methods on Seed Quality of Dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata)

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr-4642 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

P. Masilamani ◽

T. Eevera ◽

T. Ramesh ◽

S. Venkatesan

Keyword(s):

Tamil Nadu ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Block Design ◽

Mechanical Damage ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Seedling Vigour ◽

Root And Shoot Length ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Combine Harvester ◽

The Impact

Background: The present investigation is an attempt to study the effect of different harvesting and threshing methods on germination and seedling vigour of dhaincha. The use of a combine harvester to harvest dhaincha will be an effective alternative method that has not been widely tried. However, work on different methods of harvesting and threshing of dhaincha is limited. Hence, a study was conducted to evaluate the impact of various harvesting and threshing methods on germination and seedling vigour of dhaincha. Methods: This study was conducted at Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, TNAU, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu. The dhaincha crop was harvested and threshed using four different methods viz., manual harvesting and manual threshing, manual harvesting and threshing by tractor treading, manual harvesting and mechanical threshing and harvesting and threshing by combine harvester. The resultant seeds were tested for mechanical damage and germination potential. The experiment was laid in completely randomized block design. Germination was tested by roll towel method using 100 seeds in four replications. Germination percentage, root and shoot length were measured in seven days after sowing from ten randomly selected seedlings in each replication. For the estimation of dry matter production, ten seedlings were selected at random and kept in a hot air oven maintained at 85oC for 24 hours after measuring their root and shoot length and vigour index was calculated. Mechanical damage to seeds was observed by ferric chloride test. Seed recovery per cent was calculated based on the 100 kgs of dhaincha seeds were cleaned and graded treatment wise using cleaner cum grader and the seeds retained on the bottom sieve were weighed and expressed as per cent of total quantity of seed. Result: The results revealed that the significant difference was found among the different harvesting and threshing methods. The seeds harvested and threshed by manual method recorded 85 per cent germination followed by seeds harvested manually and threshed by mechanical threshing (84 per cent) and seeds harvested manually and threshed by tractor treading (80.5 per cent). The lowest germination of 80.0 per cent was recorded by combine harvesting. From this study, it could be inferred that combine harvester is a modern method for harvesting of dhaincha that saves time and labour when compared to all other methods.

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