Effect of weather factors and nitrogen application on nectar secretion and honey production potential in sunflower

Sunflower is a highly important bee floral crop. The nectar secretion governs this parameter and is greatly influenced by cultivar, environmental factors and fertilizer application. Studies were conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana on sunflower hybrids (PSH 996 and PSH 1962) sown on different dates (January 31, February 10, February 20 and March 2) with three levels of nitrogen (45, 60 and 75 kg ha-1). Delay in sowing from January 31 to March 2 caused significant reduction in nectar secretion (12.66%) and increase in its concentration (5.38%). The daily mean temperature had significant positive (R2 = 0.52 and 0.54) while mean relative humidity had negative (R2 = 0.55 and 0.37) correlation with nectar total soluble solids (TSS).Nectar secretion and its TSS increased significantly only at nitrogen dose of 60 kg ha-1 as compared to 45 kg ha-1.Weather parameters have more pronounced effects on TSSat 45 kg ha-1.Delay in sowing by one month resulted in reduction in honey production potential by 1.5- 1.8 kg ha-1. In addition to this, the reduced nectar availability due to delay in sowing may negatively effect in attracting and sustaining pollinators’ populations and crop yield.

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Nor’wester over West Bengal and comfortability

MAUSAM ◽

10.54302/mausam.v58i2.1202 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 177-188

Author(s):

K. K. CHAKRABARTY ◽

A. K. NATH ◽

S. SENGUPTA

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

West Bengal ◽

Monsoon Season ◽

Early Morning ◽

Positive Aspect ◽

Weather Factors ◽

Thermal Index ◽

The People ◽

Tropical Areas ◽

Weather Parameters

During the pre-monsoon months of March, April and May the weather over Kolkata is generally very uncomfortable due to high temperature and relative humidity. During this season Kolkata is affected by the nor’wester activity. Generally the nor’wester activity is defined as a disastrous weather activity and is locally called as ‘Kaalbaisakhi’ as it is ‘kaal’ or destruction during Bengali Baishakh (April-May) month over Bengal. However the downdraft associated with the nor’wester brings cool air and temperature sometimes drops by as much as 8 to 9 degree Celsius and the atmosphere becomes comfortable for some period. This is an entirely different and positive aspect of nor’wester.The human comfortability depends upon many weather parameters apart from human physiological parameters. However the primary weather factors are air temperature and relative humidity especially for tropical areas. Many authors have worked on this and the well accepted formula for thermal index THI or Discomfort Index DI is taken from Thom (1957,1958) which is a function of dry bulb and wet bulb temperature i.e., THI or DI = 0.4 (Ta + Tw) + 15 where temperature is in ºF and is 0.72 (Ta + Tw) + 40.6 where temperature is in ºC. Various stages of comfortability are classified viz., (i) Discomfortable (ii) Partial discomfortable and (iii) Comfortable. Neglecting the effect of wind and further simplifying the equation for DI as a function of (Ta + Tw) the range varies from 27 to 55 in increasing order of temperature.During the pre-monsoon months when the climate over Kolkata is very sultry and uncomfortable, people generally desire the onset of nor’wester for some temporary relief although it results into destruction. The nor’wester makes the weather comfortable after its occurrence and remains comfortable for 10 to 12 hours and some time even for a day. The present study is made taking six years data over Kolkata, both Alipore and Dum Dum. It is seen that except early morning of March the remaining period of pre-monsoon season is found to be uncomfortable climatologically. In the present study there were 91 occasions of squalls and it is found that most of the squalls occurred during the month of April and May and on most of the occasions nor’wester made the weather comfortable for a large part of the day in the month of April. By the end of May nor’wester activity also brought relief but not to that extent as in March and April to the people of Kolkata and neighbourhood.

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Nectar Secretion Dynamics and Honey Production Potential of Croton macrostachyus L., Euphorbiaceae

Bee World ◽

10.1080/0005772x.2020.1763086 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 97 (4) ◽

pp. 123-127

Author(s):

Tura Bareke ◽

Tolera Kumsa ◽

Kasim Roba ◽

Admassu Addi

Keyword(s):

Nectar Secretion ◽

Production Potential ◽

Honey Production ◽

Croton Macrostachyus

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The impact of relative humidity, genotypes and fertilizer application rates on panicle, leaf temperature, fertility and seed setting of rice

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859610000018 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 148 (3) ◽

pp. 329-339 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

C. YAN ◽

Y. DING ◽

Q. WANG ◽

Z. LIU ◽

G. LI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Canopy Temperature ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Spikelet Fertility ◽

Nitrogen Application ◽

Seed Setting ◽

Application Rates ◽

The Impact

SUMMARYA series of field and plant growth chamber experiments were conducted in 2006 and 2007 to study how relative humidity (RH), genotypes and nitrogen application rates affect organ temperatures and spikelet fertility rates in rice. It was observed that organ temperatures varied with air temperature, RH, genotype and nitrogen application rate. Increases in RH at constant air temperature and increasing air temperature with a constant RH both increased organ temperatures significantly. Cultivars also exhibited differences in organ temperatures; those cultivars with erect panicles recorded lower organ temperatures than those with droopy panicles under similar climatic conditions. Similarly, cultivars with panicles above the flag leaf had lower temperatures at the panicle when compared to those plants with the panicle below the flag leaf. It was also found that panicle temperature showed a significant negative correlation with both grain filling rate and seed setting rate. Spikelet fertility could be maintained by reducing spikelet temperature under decreasing RH in a high-temperature environment. Panicle fertilizer application rates had a significant effect on the organ and canopy temperatures. The canopy temperature of rice grown with an ample supply of nitrogen was generally cooler than the canopy temperature of a nitrogen-deficient treatment.

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The study of soluble solids content accumulation dynamics under the influence of weather factors in the fruits of cherries

Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.5219/1554 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 350-359

Author(s):

Iryna Ivanova ◽

Maryna Serdiuk ◽

Vira Malkina ◽

Iryna Bandura ◽

Ihor Kovalenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Sweet Cherry ◽

Principal Component ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Soluble Solids Content ◽

Weather Factors ◽

Analysis Methods ◽

Sweet Cherries ◽

Weather Parameters ◽

Solids Content

High tasting assessment of the fruit of sweet cherry is due to the favorable soluble solids content (SSC). The weather parameters and varietal features during the formation of fruit have the dominant influence on the accumulation of soluble solids. This issue has gained new relevance in the context of global climate change. The research aimed to develop a dependence of the accumulation of soluble solids of the various sorts of sweet cherries on the weather conditions of the South Steppe zone of Ukraine. Statistical analysis of the values of soluble solids in sweet cherry fruit was performed according to the average indicators of three groups of cultivars. To achieve this goal, the laboratory, factor, correlation, and regression analyses were carried out. The mathematical model was built with the application of factor and regression analysis methods, with the principal component analysis being used. The factor and regression analysis methods became the basis for the linear regression model of dependence of SSC fund accumulation on the influence of climatic parameters for the cultivar types of the three ripening terms. Based on the constructed regression models, we analyzed the degree of influence of the weather parameters on the SSC indicator by calculating the coefficients of Δi relative influence. The largest influence was set for the group of temperature and humidity parameters with the maximum share of Δi ≥9.50%. It was mathematically substantiated that the weather parameters of the last month of fruit formation had the greatest influence on the accumulation of SSC in the sweet cherry fruit, regardless of the period of ripening. For early and medium ripening sweet cherries, those were the weather parameters for May, and for those of late-term of ripening June parameters were of the maximum value.

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Seasonality of Non-SARS, Non-MERS Coronaviruses and the Impact of Meteorological Factors

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10020187 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 187

Author(s):

Olympia E. Anastasiou ◽

Anika Hüsing ◽

Johannes Korth ◽

Fotis Theodoropoulos ◽

Christian Taube ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Cloud Cover ◽

Detection Rate ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Meteorological Factors ◽

Seasonal Pattern ◽

Weather Factors ◽

Immunosuppressed Patients ◽

Immunocompetent Patients

Background: Seasonality is a characteristic of some respiratory viruses. The aim of our study was to evaluate the seasonality and the potential effects of different meteorological factors on the detection rate of the non-SARS coronavirus detection by PCR. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 12,763 respiratory tract sample results (288 positive and 12,475 negative) for non-SARS, non-MERS coronaviruses (NL63, 229E, OC43, HKU1). The effect of seven single weather factors on the coronavirus detection rate was fitted in a logistic regression model with and without adjusting for other weather factors. Results: Coronavirus infections followed a seasonal pattern peaking from December to March and plunged from July to September. The seasonal effect was less pronounced in immunosuppressed patients compared to immunocompetent patients. Different automatic variable selection processes agreed on selecting the predictors temperature, relative humidity, cloud cover and precipitation as remaining predictors in the multivariable logistic regression model, including all weather factors, with low ambient temperature, low relative humidity, high cloud cover and high precipitation being linked to increased coronavirus detection rates. Conclusions: Coronavirus infections followed a seasonal pattern, which was more pronounced in immunocompetent patients compared to immunosuppressed patients. Several meteorological factors were associated with the coronavirus detection rate. However, when mutually adjusting for all weather factors, only temperature, relative humidity, precipitation and cloud cover contributed independently to predicting the coronavirus detection rate.

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Seasonal Incidence of Pulse Aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch.) and its Natural Enemies on Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) in Relation to Some Abiotic Factors in Alluvial Zone of West Bengal

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr-4464 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

S. Pal ◽

S. Samanta ◽

A. Banerjee

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Pisum Sativum ◽

Natural Enemies ◽

West Bengal ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Field Pea ◽

Pest Population ◽

Pisum Sativum L ◽

Aphis Craccivora Koch ◽

Weather Parameters

Background: Field pea, Pisum sativum L. is an important winter-season pulse crop. It is subjected to damage by both field and storage insect pests and approximately 10-15 per cent reduction in yield was reported due to the infestation of different insect pests. Among these, pulse aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch.) affects plant physiology directly by removal of nutrients or indirectly by dispersal of various viral diseases. The present investigation has been aimed to study the seasonal fluctuations of aphids and their natural enemies as well as their correlation. Another objective was to know the effect of various weather parameters on pulse aphids and their natural enemies which ultimately would be helpful to develop a forewarning model.Methods: The field experiment was conducted at the A-B Block Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal using two varieties of field pea (KPMR 935 and IFPD 122) during rabi seasons of two consecutive years of 2017-18 and 2018-19 following a Randomized Block Design with three replications. After recording the total population of both pests (nymphs and adults) and their natural enemies across the season, the mean population was worked out and used for correlation and regression studies along with the weather parameters. Result: Maximum aphid population was noticed during the peak pod formation stage of the crop irrespective of the varieties. The pest population was very strongly correlated with the incidence of coccinellid and ant population in both test varieties. Among the weather parameters, both maximum and minimum temperature and sunshine hour showed a positive correlation with the pest population and their natural enemies but relative humidity and rainfall showed a negative correlation. Regression studies indicated that temperature and relative humidity were the most influencing factors over the incidence of aphid in both the seasons.

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Mulches and Nitrogen Application Improves Cotton Yield and Fiber Quality

Journal of Arable Crops and Marketing ◽

10.33687/jacm.001.01.3190 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 09-13

Author(s):

Hakoomat Ali ◽

Asad Abbas ◽

Shabir Hussain ◽

Shoukat Ali Abid ◽

Shazia Khaliq ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wheat Straw ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Fiber Quality ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Cotton Yield ◽

Nitrogen Application ◽

Cotton Production ◽

Nitrogen Levels ◽

Important Cash Crop ◽

Wheat Straw Mulch

Cotton is an important cash crop and source of foreign exchange. Nitrogen is a critical nutrient for plant growth throughout the life span of the crop. Wheat straw mulch not only source of nitrogen supply but also improves soil fertility and reduces soil erosion. The current study was performed to investigate the effects of mulches and nitrogen application on cotton productivity and fiber quality at the Central Cotton Research Institute (CCRI), Multan. Two crop residues i.e. wheat straw and non wheat straw were used in main plots while nitrogen levels viz. 0,50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1 were randomized in subplots. The highest seed cotton yield (22.99 t ha-1) was obtained by the combination of nitrogen fertilizer application highest level (150 kg N ha-1) along with the wheat straw (20.27 t ha-1). The fiber quality was also affected by the wheat straw along with nitrogen application 150 kg N ha-1 and gave maximum results. In conclusion, wheat straw along with 150 kg ha-1 of Nitrogen application gave maximum results on cotton production as compared to non straw with low nitrogen application.

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Reproductive performance of spiralling whitefly on guava and impact of weather parameters on its immature stages

SAARC Journal of Agriculture ◽

10.3329/sja.v15i2.35165 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 207-214

Author(s):

I Hossain ◽

MMH Khan ◽

SMH Jahan

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Significant Positive Correlation ◽

Instar Nymph ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Immature Stages ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Aleurodicus Dispersus ◽

Weather Parameters

The study was conducted to know the reproductive performance of spiralling whitefly on guava. Number of colony, eggs, 1st instar, 2nd instar, 3rd instar and 4th instar nymphs per five leaves ranged from 6 to 15, 8 to 32, 0 to 44, 0 to 22, 0 to 45 and 0 to 28, respectively. Maximum number of adults and nymphs were found in the month of January. Highest longevity of Aleurodicus dispersus (21.5 days) was recorded in adult while the lowest was in 2nd instar nymph (6.4 days). The number of colony/leaf and number of 3rd and 4th instar nymphs of A. dispersus had significant positive correlation with minimum and maximum temperature while non-significant positive correlation is observed between the number of egg/colony, the number 1st and 2nd instar nymphs with minimum and maximum temperature. A. dispersus showed nonsignificant positive correlation with minimum and maximum relative humidity regarding number of colony/leaf, 2nd instar nymph while nonsignificant negative correlation with 4th instar nymph.SAARC J. Agri., 15(2): 207-214 (2017)

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Use of Chlorella sp. for coating ‘tommy atkins’ mango fruits stored under refrigeration

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n2p565 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 565 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Agda Malany Forte de Oliveira ◽

Railene Hérica Carlos Rocha ◽

Wellinghton Alves Guedes ◽

George Alves Dias ◽

José Franciraldo de Lima

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Storage Period ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Edible Coatings ◽

Fruit Maturation ◽

Chlorella Sp ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The number of studies on edible coatings that are used for extending the shelf life of fruits has steadily increased. For this purpose, it is necessary to choose raw materials with characteristics that maintain product quality. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of coatings of Chlorella sp. on the post-harvest conservation of ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango fruits. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design, and spray treatments (T) with 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, or 4% of Chlorella sp. were applied to the fruits. After the treatments, the fruits were stored for 28 days (21 days at 10 °C and 42% relative humidity and 7 days at 25 °C and 42% relative humidity), and were analyzed on day 28. There was higher pulp firmness in fruits as the concentration of Chlorella sp. was increased, and the concentration of ascorbic acid was comparatively higher (22.17%) in fruits treated with 3% Chlorella sp. The percentage of soluble solids and the soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio were decreased as the coating concentrations were decreased. The use of Chlorella sp. at 1% and 2% allowed fruit maturation without compromising fruit quality attributes during the 28-day storage period.

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Weather parameters vulnerability on tea production in north western Himalaya, India

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v8i4.1122 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 2262-2267

Author(s):

Parmod Verma ◽

Ranbir Singh Rana ◽

Ramesh Ramesh ◽

Ranu Pathania

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Minimum Temperature ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Western Himalaya ◽

Green Leaf ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Leaf Yield ◽

Tea Production ◽

Weather Parameters ◽

June July

The study assessed the sensitivity of weather parameters with respect to total green leaf and two leaves and bud (T & B) productivity of tea crop {Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze}. The maximum temperature ranging from 20.0 to 29.0 oC during March, May, August and September showed positive relationship with values ranging from 0.26 to 3.38 and 0.22 to 3.22 for green leaf and T & B yield, respectively. Similarly, minimum temperature ranging from 9.1 to 20.0 oC during March and July to October found positive 0.001 to 2.93 and 0.28 to 2.91 for green leaf and T & B productivity, respectively. The mean monthly rainfall amounting 52.7 to 664.7 mm during March, May, July to October and 52.7 to 488.4 mm during June, July, September and October also showed positive sensitivity with values ranging from 0.03 to 0.33 and 0.007 to 0.35 for green leaf and T & B yield, respectively. The relative humidity ranging between 41.2 to 77.3% during April to May for green leaf yield (0.32 to 1.71) and during April to May and October for two leaf and bud yield (0.00 to 1.70) showed positive relationship. So, maximum and minimum temperature between 20.0 to 29.0 oC and 9.1 to 20.0 oC, respectively with rainfall of 52.7 to 488.4 mm and relative humidity 41.2 to 77.3% are the most beneficial weather parameters for tea cultivation at Palampur conditions.

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