scholarly journals Study the causes of pitting corrosion in carbon steel water pipeline at the site of advanced chemical industries complex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
KHALID OMER ◽  
HAIDER ELBASHER ◽  
AHMED ELTYB MUSTAFA
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Rolled Sheet ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Water Pipelines ◽  
Water Pipeline ◽  
Welded Pipe ◽  
Test Result

There are many factors that affect the pitting corrosion of carbon steel (Q235A) some of them are related to the pipeline material such as material chemical composition specifications and other related to water specifications such as water temperature, pH of the water, and chemical and physical specification of water. In this study, the investigation was done for both water quality and materials of pipelines (Q235A), four samples from on a piece of same rolled sheet welded pipe(carbon steel (Q235A) were prepared and tested for chemicals composition, microstructure, roughness, and thickness, the test results shown that no difference observed for all results only on one sample have difference roughness value near to the welded joint, these test applied for 4 pieces took from one pipe to check the effect of rolling of these pipes that can cause dissimilarity .which enhance corrosion rates. Then the water quality was investigated for temperature 45C, pH equal to 9, chloride, TDS, and water pressure, the test result showed that the temperature of the water was 45 C pH 9 and contain chloride with a concentration quite enough to initiate pitting. From the collected data this study specified the causes of pitting corrosion in the studied area of water pipelines and summarized in the flowing, this pipelines exposed to high pressure than the required, and temperature of water reach over 45C in summer, and chloride iron have the main contribution on pitting corrosion of these pipes.

scholarly journals Water quality analysis for domestic use public water supply in the case of Asella town at the source of Ashebeka River, laboratory based cross-sectional study design

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amde Eshete Eshete
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Rest Sites ◽  
Test Result

Abstract 1.Abstract Background Water is essential for life. The objective of this research was designed to assess the physicochemical & bacteriological quality of drinking water come from Ashebeka river as a supply of Asella town. Methods A cross-sectional study design was implemented on the study sites. Water samples had been taken for laboratory analysis. Statistical analysis were carried out with Epi info 7 for data entry & STATA 15 for data analysis. Results The first round laboratory test results for:-BOD test result 4mg/L at site one, 2 mg/L at fourth site, & 6 mg/L at site eight. COD test result 40mg/L at site one, 20 at fourth sites, & 60 at site eight. The result of total & fecal coliform count greater than 180CFU/100ml & Escherichia Coli 40 CFU/100ml of sample for the first sites. The laboratory investigation during the second round test results for:- turbidity measure 162.06 NTU at site one, 5.84NTU at site two, 6.94NTU at site three, 5.48NTU at site four, 6.57NTU at site five & 8.76NTU at site six. The chemical analysis result had found that fluoride concentration 0.5mg/L at site one, 0.48mg/L at site two, 0.44 mg/L at site three & at site four, 0.43mg/L at site five, & 0.01mg/L at site six. Aluminum taste result nill at first site, 0.54mg/L at second site, 0.24 at third site, 0.48mg/L at fourth site, 0.39mg/L at fifth site & 0.110mg/L at sixth sites. the calcium concentration had found that 8 mg/L at first sites & third sites, 6.4 mg/L at the rest sites. The magnesium test results had found that 0.96mg/L at first & fifth sites, 1.92mg/L for the rest sites. The dissolved oxygen concentration at first site was 3.667mgL, at second sites 5.333mg/L, at third sites 6.0mg/L, 4.667mg/L at fourth sites, 5mg/L at fifth sites & 2.667 mg/L at sixth sites. Conclusions Water quality was acceptable even though improvement will be required on chemical parameters. Keywords : Water pollution, Physico-chemical and bacteriological water quality, Escherichia Coli & coliform counts.

scholarly journals Development and Numerical Performance Analysis of a Micro Turbine in a Tap-Water Pipeline

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10755
Author(s):  
Huixiang Chen ◽  
Kan Kan ◽  
Haolan Wang ◽  
Maxime Binama ◽  
Yuan Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Model Test ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Water System ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Design Flow ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Water Pipeline

The induction faucet has been widely used in public due to its advantages of convenience, sanitation, water, and electricity saving. To solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by dry batteries used in induction faucets, a suitable micro pipe mixed-flow turbine installed in a tap-water system with only 15 mm in diameter, that uses the pipeline water pressure to generate electricity for the induction faucet was designed and developed, based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and model tests. According to the specific speed, a preliminary design of each flow component of the turbine was first produced. Then, using the multi-objective orthogonal optimization method, the optimum test schemes were determined, and the influence of various test factors on the turbine’s hydraulic performance was revealed. Under the design flow rate, the turbine’s power output and efficiency were 6.40 W and 87.13%, respectively, which were 34.45% and 4.99% higher than those of the preliminary scheme. Both the power output and efficiency of the optimized turbine met the design requirements. Numerical and model test results showed good agreement, where the deviation in turbine power output predictions was below 5% under large flow condition. Model test results also showed that the turbine can be started as long as the inlet flow is greater than 0.14 kg/s. Overall, the micro-pipe turbine designed in this paper exploits the (mostly wasted) water kinetic energy in induction faucets for power production, contributing to environmental pollution reduction and realizing energy conservation.

Item Context and /s/ Phone Articulation Test Results

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 852-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe Zehel ◽  
Ralph L. Shelton ◽  
William B. Arndt ◽  
Virginia Wright ◽  
Mary Elbert
Keyword(s):  
Test Score ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Broad Context ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Test Result

Fourteen children who misarticulated some phones of the /s/ phoneme were tape recorded articulating several lists of items involving /s/. The lists included the Mc-Donald Deep Test for /s/, three lists similar to McDonald’s but altered in broad context, and an /s/ sound production task. Scores from lists were correlated, compared for differences in means, or both. Item sets determined by immediate context were also compared for differences between means. All lists were found to be significantly correlated. The comparison of means indicated that both broad and immediate context were related to test result. The estimated “omega square” statistic was used to evaluate the percentage of test score variance attributable to context.

DIP quality influenced by process water quality

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
DENNIS VOSS ◽  
HANS-JOACHIM PUTZ ◽  
SAMUEL SCHABEL
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Process Water ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Water Parameters ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Contamination Levels

The need for deinking mills to reduce their fresh water consumption has resulted in higher loads of various contaminants in the process water. Lower recovered paper quality also leads to higher contamination levels in the mills. This higher load has an influence on achievable target brightness. The objective of the work was to determine and explain the main reasons for relatively poor deinked pulp quality or poor deinking potential based on the influence of recovered paper composition and process water quality. The process water parameters significantly affect the deinking potential of recovered paper. The test results showed the negative effects of increased water hardness. For standard recovered paper mixtures, flotation selectivity is higher with increasing flotation pH-value. Good results were realized for standard recovered paper with low hardness, low surface tension, and high pH-value. The results for recovered paper containing flexo newsprint could be slightly improved with low hardness, low surface tension, and low pH-value. The results of the test program using design of experiments showed interacting effects of pH-value and surface tension on luminosity and flotation selectivity.

Vibration Test of Titanium Alloy Pipes

2012 ◽  
Vol 184-185 ◽  
pp. 701-706
Author(s):  
Ming Xing Qiu ◽  
Chuang Shao ◽  
Yong Zhou ◽  
Li Hua Yue
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Failure Criteria ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Displacement Sensor ◽  
Laser Displacement Sensor ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Vibration Fatigue ◽  
Welded Pipe ◽  
Test Result

In order to determine the fatigue limits of two kinds of titanium alloy pipes connected by welding and rolling, fatigue tests were carried out by the Aero-Criterion which gives vibration fatigue test method and failure criteria. A laser-displacement-sensor was used at the free end and a strain-gauge at the root of the pipe specimen. The test result shows that the fatigue limit of the welded pipe is higher than the rolled one. In the end some new findings are listed according to the test.

Investigation on Material Selection in Missan Oilfields Similar Environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 641-642 ◽  
pp. 427-433
Author(s):  
Shuang Cheng ◽  
Feng Lin ◽  
Pei Long Yang ◽  
Pei Ke Zhu ◽  
Jin Gen Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Nickel Alloy ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Service Condition ◽  
Corrosion Mechanism ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chrome Steel

This paper analyzed the corrosion environment of Missan oilfields and investigated the oilfield country tubular goods used in other similar oilfields. Summarized the effect of partial pressure ratio of H2S/CO2 and Cl-to the corrosion behavior of OCTG. This paper concluded the service condition, test results and anti-corrosion mechanism of carbon steel, low-chrome steel, modified martensitic stainless steel and nickel alloy. Finally arrived at conclusion that the nickel alloy can meet the requirement of Missan oilfields, some literature reported that the modified martensitic stainless steel can apply in H2S/CO2 environment. In the condition that be easy to replace the tubular, carbon steel and low-chrome steel tubular can meet the requirement with corrosion inhibitor.

scholarly journals Influenza colloidal gold method and blood routine tests combination for rapid diagnosis of influenza: a decision tree-based analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoguang Li ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Fei Lin ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Jie Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Tree ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Routine Blood ◽  
Test Result

AbstractRapid influenza diagnosis can facilitate targeted treatment and reduce antibiotic misuse. However, diagnosis efficacy remains unclear. This study examined the efficacy of a colloidal gold rapid test for rapid influenza diagnosis. Clinical characteristics of 520 patients with influenza-like illness presenting at a fever outpatient clinic during two influenza seasons (2017–2018; 2018–2019) were evaluated. The clinical manifestations and results of routine blood, colloidal gold, and nucleic acid tests were used to construct a decision tree with three layers, nine nodes, and five terminal nodes. The combined positive predictive value of a positive colloidal gold test result and monocyte level within 10.95–12.55% was 88.2%. The combined negative predictive value of a negative colloidal gold test result and white blood cell count > 9.075 × 109/L was 84.9%. The decision-tree model showed the satisfactory accuracy of an early influenza diagnosis based on colloidal gold and routine blood test results.

Patient recommendations for content and design for electronic return of genetic test results: An interview study among patients who accessed their genetic test results online (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane M Korngiebel ◽  
Kathleen McGlone West
Keyword(s):  
Patient Preferences ◽  
Genetic Test ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Patient Portal ◽  
Genetic Test Result ◽  
Test Results ◽  
User Centered Design ◽  
Detailed Report ◽  
Genetic Test Results ◽  
Test Result

BACKGROUND Genetic test results will be increasingly made available electronically as more patient-facing tools are developed; however, little research has been done that collects patient preferences for content and design before creating results templates. OBJECTIVE This study identifies patient preferences for electronic return of genetic test results, including what considerations should be prioritized for content and design. METHODS Following User-Centered Design methods, 59 interviews were conducted using semi-structured protocols. The interviews explored content and design issues for patient portal results return for patients who received electronic results for specific types of genetic tests (pharmacogenomic, hereditary blood disorders, and positive and negative risk results for heritable cancers) or who had electronically received any type of genetic test result as well as a non-genetic test result. RESULTS In general, a majority of participants felt that there always needed to be some clinician involvement in electronic results return and that electronic coversheets with simple summaries would be helpful for facilitating that. Coversheet summaries could accompany, but not replace, the more detailed report. Participants had specific suggestions for those results summaries, such as only reporting the information that was most important for patients to understand, including next steps, and to do so using clear language free of medical jargon. Electronic results return should also include explicit encouragement for patients to contact providers with questions. Finally, many participants preferred to manage their care using their smartphones, particularly in instances where they needed to access health information on the go. CONCLUSIONS Participants recommended that a patient-friendly front section accompany the more detailed report and made suggestions for organization, content, and wording. Many used their smartphones regularly to access test results, therefore, health systems and patient portal software vendors should accommodate smartphone application design and web portal design concomitantly when developing results return platforms. CLINICALTRIAL N/A

Death and COVID-19 Anxiety in Home-Quarantined Individuals Aged 65 and Over During the Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 003022282110598
Author(s):  
Hümeyra Aslaner ◽  
Betül Özen ◽  
Zeliha K. Erten ◽  
Mebrure Beyza Gökçek
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Anxiety Score ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Pcr Test

Urgent measures were taken for those at the age of 65 and over who were at the risk group all over the world due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It is known that many individuals at the age of 65 and over have experienced anxiety due to the uncertainties. This study aimed to determine the anxiety and death anxiety in individuals aged 65 and over who were isolation at home due to being diagnosed with COVID-19 or being in contact during the pandemic process. The study is descriptive and cross-sectional. It was performed with 656 home-quarantined individuals aged between 65–80 years with positive or negative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test result. A form including questions about the death anxiety and the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale Short Form prepared by the researchers were administered to the individuals by phone call. Of the participants, 49.5% were male. Median COVID-19 anxiety score was 4 (0–18). Anxiety scores of the male and female participants were similar. Participants with negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results and those with death anxiety had higher COVID anxiety scores. Death anxiety has increased by 1.661 times in male gender, 1.983 times in RT-PCR positivity and 0.146 times in the presence of symptoms. Individuals with positive COVID-19 test results or those aged 65 and over who had death anxiety and negative COVID-19 test result but who were in home-isolation due to being a contact had higher anxiety score. For this reason, those with death anxiety can be supported in line with their religious beliefs to reduce anxiety. Those with negative PCR test results in quarantine can be adequately informed about the COVID-19.

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