scholarly journals Evaluation of Raw Yeast Extract (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as an Ingredient, Additive or Palatability Agent in Wet Diet for Cats

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia M. Lima ◽  
Jose Walter Silva Jr ◽  
Rosana C. S. Ogoshi ◽  
Jessica S. dos Reis ◽  
Janine Franca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Functional Additive ◽  
Apparent Digestibility Coefficient ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adult Cat ◽  
And Control

<p class="1Body">Three experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of strain-specific yeast extract (SSYE) as an ingredient, functional additive or palatability agent when supplemented in its raw form in wet cat food. <em>SSYE as ingredient</em> – SSYE was chemically characterized and its use evaluated through fourteen cats divided into two treatments: control diet (complete wet adult cat food) and control diet with 30 % replacement by SSYE. The results of apparent digestibility coefficient of SSYE were 71.64 % for dry matter, 72.55 % for organic matter, 50.78 % for ashes, 78.59 % for crude protein, 84.33 % for the energy gross and digestible and metabolizable energy value, respectively, of 4,247 and 4,163 kcal/kg, these results indicated that SSYE is comparable to other protein sources for cat’s food. <em>SSYE as a functional additive</em> - twelve cats were distributed into two 6x6 latin squares (treatments; experimental periods), and the treatments were control diet and replacement levels ranged from 2 % to 10 % SSYE. The following parameters were evaluated: digestibility, energy utilization, nitrogen balance, serum urea and creatinine levels. No differences were found. <em>SSYE as palatability agent</em> – Were used twenty cats by comparing the control diet with 2 % replacement by SSYE. A significant difference (P &lt; 0.01) was observed with a preference for control diet. SSYE is a potential protein source for cats; however, it is not effective as additive and may compromise palatability when supplemented in its raw form in complete wet cat food.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of Fruits of Lapsi (Nepali Hog Plum) Choerospondias axillaris (roxb.) b.l.Burtt & a.w.Hill on Some Blood Parameters of Major Carp rohu Labeo rohita(H) During Intensive Aquaculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-195
Author(s):  
Shubha Ratna Shakya ◽  
Shyam Narayan Labh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Labeo Rohita ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fish Feeds ◽  
Intensive Aquaculture ◽  
And Control

 The complete blood cell count (CBC) is an important and powerful diagnostic tool to monitor the health status of fish in response to changes related to nutrition, water quality, and disease in response to therapy.Thus, the present study was about to know the effect of lapsi fruit pulp (Choerospondias axillaris) on some blood parameters in the fingerlings of rohu Labeo rohita cultured in Corona of Agriculture Hatchery farm, Chitwan, Nepal. Altogether eighteen hapas made of heavy-duty nylon net (1.5m3) were kept and placed inside the pond, distributed linearly, and then 270 fingerlings (@15 fishes/ hapa) were kept distributed randomly. Six practical diets like T1 (0.0 g kg-1), T2 (0.1 g kg-1), T3 (0.2 g kg-1), T4 (0.4 g kg-1), T5 (0.8 g kg-1) and T6 (1.6 g kg-1) were prepared. Feed containing 40% protein was supplemented with the ethanol extract of lapsi fruits. At the end of 90 days of the feeding trial, a significant difference (P< 0.05) in blood parameters were observed between the treated and control diet-fed groups. Hemoglobin (Hb), white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells (RBCs), packed cell volume (PCV), and other erythrocyte indices were recorded higher in the treated groups. RBC, WBC, Hct, and Hb were found significantly higher in the T4 (0.4 %) diet-fed group. The study showed a minimum of 0.4 % (0.4g kg-1) lapsi fruit extract needed in fish feeds to increase blood parameters to enhance growth and immunity.

EVALUATION OF TWO DRY PROTEIN SOURCES IN RATIONS FOR GROWING-FURRING MINK

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. SEIER ◽  
R. J. KIRK ◽  
T. J. DEVLIN ◽  
R. J. PARKER
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Priming Phase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Frozen Fish ◽  
And Control

Forty-five male Sapphire mink kits were allotted to three treatment groups and fed for approximately 100 days (August 1–November 7). The control diet (treatment 1) consisted of horse-meat 10%, cooked chicken by-products 15%, raw cereal 25%, and whole frozen fish 50%. The frozen fish was replaced by either herring meal or soybean meal on an equivalent dry matter basis for treatments 2 and 3. Average mink weights on November 7 were 1.78, 1.87, and 1.92 kg for the soybean meal, herring meal, and control treatment groups, respectively, and were not significantly different (P > 0.05). The feeding period was divided into a growing phase (period 1), a growing and furring phase (period 2), and a maintenance and a priming phase (period 3). The average daily weight gains during these periods were: period 1: 15.2, 18.0 and 11.8 g; period 2: 6.1, 6.7 and 7.8 g; period 3: +0.8, −2.6 and −0.7 g, for the control, herring- and soybean meal-fed mink, respectively. Digestibility trials were carried out during each period. Dry matter and energy digestibilities were significantly higher (P < 0.05) for the herring-fed and control kits than for the soybean meal-fed kits. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in nitrogen balance among treatments. Skin biopsies were taken at pelting time to compare fur density, with values of 19.6, 20.6, and 19.5 hairs per pore, for the soybean-, herring-fed and control kits, respectively.

scholarly journals Growth performance of Clarias gariepinus fed varying dietary phosphorus levels

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-220
Author(s):  
Ezike Christopher Onyemaechi ◽  
Chukwuka Doris Queen ◽  
Echor Felix Okaliwe
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Dietary Phosphorus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

One hundred and twenty (120) juveniles of African catfish Clarias gariepinus were obtained in May 2015 from a reputable Fish Farm in Enugu to the University Research Farm (latitude 074o North and 082o South, longitude 068o East and 076o West with annual mean temperature of 30oC). The fish were fed for 49 days from June – July 2015 with diets containing 4 different inclusion levels of phosphorus T1 [0.6% P], T2 [0.8% P], T3 [1.00% P], T4 [1.2% P] and T5 [0% P] which served as control diet, to determine optimum P requirement for fish growth at probability level of P < 0.05 between various treatments and control. Each diet was formulated to contain 40% crude protein composed of yellow maize, soybean cake, palm kernel cake and fish meal. Fish fed with graded levels of phosphorus were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than control in FW and MDWG. There was however no significant difference (P > 0.05) in FCR and PER between T1, T2, T4 and control but T3 was significantly (P < 0.05) better in FCR (0.33) than control (0.39). Similarly, T3 was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in PER than control. Fish in T3 had the best growth performance indicative that 1% P is the optimum requirement for the growth of C. gariepinus.Res. Agric. Livest. Fish.4(3): 215-220, December 2017

Effects of rapeseed-meal and fish-meal supplementation of maize silage-based diets upon voluntary intake, live-weight gain and wool growth of store lambs

1994 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Kossaibati ◽  
M. J. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Wool Growth

AbstractThirty-six individually penned lambs (mean live weight 32·4 (s.d. 2·27) kg) were offered maize silagead libitumand one of three concentrate mixes, two of which contained extracted rapeseed meal (control and HR) and the other fish meal (FM). The concentrates were given according to live weight and in sufficient quantities to provide proportionately about 0·4 of the dry matter (DM) intake of the lambs. The dietary concentrations of nitrogen (N) g/kg DM were 22·4, 27·4 and 27·5 and of rumen undegradable N 6·6, 7·3 and 11·6 for the control, HR and FM diets respectively.Both the HR and FM diets depressed maize silage intakes compared with the control during the first 21 days (P < 0·05) and lambs given the FM diet continued to have lower intakes than control lambs (P < 0·05) throughout the experiment. The live-weight gain of HR lambs was considerably depressed in comparison with the control and FM lambs during the first 21 days of the experiment (P < 0·05). Overall HR lambs gained weight more slowly than control and FM lambs up to 45 kg live weight but the difference was not statistically significant. Food conversion ratio was better for FM than HR (P < 0·01). There were no treatment differences in wool growth.The results obtained provide little evidence that fish meal had any beneficial effects upon lamb growth compared with the control diet except a possible increase in the efficiency of metabolizable energy utilization.

scholarly journals Rapamycin Added to Diet in Late Mid-Life Delays Age-Related Hearing Loss in UMHET4 Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Altschuler ◽  
Lisa Kabara ◽  
Catherine Martin ◽  
Ariane Kanicki ◽  
Courtney E. Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hair Cell ◽  
Outer Hair Cell ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Basal Half ◽  
And Control

Our previous study demonstrated rapamycin added to diet at 4 months of age had significantly less age-related outer hair cell loss in the basal half of the cochlea at 22 months of age compared to mice without rapamycin. The present study tested adding rapamycin to diet later in life, at 14 months of age, and added a longitudinal assessment of auditory brain stem response (ABR). The present study used UMHET4 mice, a 4 way cross in which all grandparental strains lack the Cdh23753A allele that predisposes to early onset, progressive hearing loss. UMHET4 mice typically have normal hearing until 16–17 months, then exhibit threshold shifts at low frequencies/apical cochlea and later in more basal high frequency regions. ABR thresholds at 4, 12, 24, and 48 kHz were assessed at 12, 18, and 24 months of age and compared to baseline ABR thresholds acquired at 5 months of age to determine threshold shifts (TS). There was no TS at 12 months of age at any frequency tested. At 18 months of age mice with rapamycin added to diet at 14 months had a significantly lower mean TS at 4 and 12 kHz compared to mice on control diet with no significant difference at 24 and 48 kHz. At 24 months of age, the mean 4 kHz TS in rapamycin diet group was no longer significantly lower than the control diet group, while the 12 kHz mean remained significantly lower. Mean TS at 24 and 48 kHz in the rapamycin diet group became significantly lower than in the control diet group at 24 months. Hair cell counts at 24 months showed large loss in the apical half of most rapamycin and control diet mice cochleae with no significant difference between groups. There was only mild outer hair cell loss in the basal half of rapamycin and control diet mice cochleae with no significant difference between groups. The results show that a later life addition of rapamycin can decrease age-related hearing loss in the mouse model, however, it also suggests that this decrease is a delay/deceleration rather than a complete prevention.

scholarly journals Thiamine Deficiency Causes Long-Lasting Neurobehavioral Deficits in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 565
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Hong Xu ◽  
Wen Wen ◽  
Liying Wu ◽  
Mei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thiamine Deficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Recovery Treatment ◽  
Moderate Change ◽  
Neurobehavioral Deficits ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Thiamine deficiency (TD) has detrimental effects on brain health and neurobehavioral development, and it is associated with many aging-related neurological disorders. To facilitate TD-related neuropsychological studies, we generated a TD mouse model by feeding a thiamine-deficient diet for 30 days, followed by re-feeding the control diet for either one week or 16 weeks as recovery treatment. We then performed neurobehavioral tests in these two cohorts: cohort of one week post TD treatment (1 wk-PTDT) and 16 weeks post TD treatment (16 wks-PTDT). The TD mice showed no significant difference from control in any tests in the 1 wk-PTDT cohort at the age of 13–14 weeks. The tests for the 16 wks-PTDT cohort at the age of 28–29 weeks, however, demonstrated anxiety and reduced locomotion in TD animals in open field and elevated plus maze. In comparison, rotor rod and water maze revealed no differences between TD and control mice. The current findings of the differential effects of the same TD treatment on locomotion and anxiety at different ages may reflect the progressive and moderate change of TD-induced neurobehavioral effects. The study suggests that, even though the immediate neurobehavioral impact of TD is modest or negligible at a young age, the impact could develop and become severe during the aging process.

scholarly journals Levels of available phosphorus and calcium for broilers from 8 to 35 days of age fed rations containing phytase

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1237-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adimar Cardoso Júnior ◽  
Paulo Borges Rodrigues ◽  
Antônio Gilberto Bertechini ◽  
Rilke Tadeu Fonseca de Freitas ◽  
Renato Ribeiro de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Four Levels

Two experiments using Cobb broiler chicks from 8 to 35 days of age were carried out to evaluate the effect of reducing levels of calcium and available phosphorus in diets supplemented with 500 ftu phytase/kg on the performance of the birds, the content of ashes in the tibia, the metabolizable energy of the diet, and the metabolizability of the dry matter and crude protein. It was used 1,404 broiler chicks in the experiment 1 to evaluate feed intake, weight gain, food conversion and percentage of the ashes in the tibia. In the experiment 2, simultaneously carried out with experiment 1, a total of 390 birds were transferred to a metabolism room to determine the metabolizable energy and metabolizability of the dry matter and crude protein. It was used in the two experiments, a complete random design in a 3 × 4 + 1 factorial scheme with three levels of available phosphorus (0.375; 0.325; and 0.275%) and four levels of calcium (0.85; 0.75; 0.65 and 0.55%) in the diets, supplemented with phytase. It was also used a control diet without phytase, based on corn and soybean bran, formulated with 0.425% of available phosphorus and 0.85% of calcium. In the experiment 1, the reduction of levels of calcium and phosphorus did not cause a significant difference on the performance and percentage of bone ashes. The levels of calcium and available phosphorus used in the experiment 2 can be reduced down to 0.65 and 0.325%, respectively, because the effects are similar to those obtained with the currently suggested levels.

scholarly journals Nutritional value of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) offal on the performance of broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-185
Author(s):  
S. E. Alu ◽  
F. S. Oseze ◽  
E. J. Ogoshi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference

Tiger nut offal is one of the common agro by products available in appreciable quantity all yaer round especially within the northern part of Nigeria. Its nutritional value is somewhat close to those of maize offal. Therefore, a 56 - day experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of broiler chickens fed graded levels of Tiger nut offal (TNO) as an energy source. Five iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diets tagged T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, were compounded to contain 23 and 20% crude protein and 2800 and 3000 kcal/kg of metabolizable energy for starter and finisher phases, respectively. The TNO was included at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% levels in treatments, respectively such that T1 served as the control diet. A total of 200, one day old chicks were allotted to the 5 treatment groups, replicated 4 times and each replicate was allotted 10 birds. Parameters evaluated included growth rate, economics of production, blood parameters and carcass characteristics. The results showed that there was no significant variation (P>0.05) in the values obtained for growth parameters, economics of production, haematological parameters and serum biochemistry. However, there was significant difference (P<0.05) in dressed weight (1155.00 vs. 1350.00 vs. 1350.00 vs. 1525.00 and 1530.00 gbird-1 ) and shanks weight (59.50 vs. 100.00 vs. 67.00 vs. 85.00 and  60.00 gbird-1 ) which increased across the treatments as the levels of inclusion of TNO increased in the diets. Birds fed the diets 15 (T4) and 20% (T5) gave the best results compared to those fed the control and other levels. From the results of this experiment, poultry farmer can use up to 20% of TNO as a replacement for conventional energy source in the diet of broiler chickens without compromising the meat quality and health status of the birds.

Dietary fatty acid content and thickness of plantar pads in gilts

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
Juan Grandía ◽  
Luis Vicente Monteagudo ◽  
Paloma Sánchez-Abad ◽  
María Teresa Tejedor
Keyword(s):  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lateral Side ◽  
Large White ◽  
Foot Health ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
And Control

The objective of this study was to test a diet enriched in the most abundant components of foot fat pads (oleic and palmitic acid) to increase its thickness in gilts. We evaluated the effects of two oleic and palmitic acid dietary concentrations (control and test) and three treatment durations (35, 45, and 65 d) on 116 gilts (Landrace × Large White), all 180-d-old and slaughtered at the end of the study. Both test and control diets contained 5.9% total fat. The control diet contained 0.9% oleic acid and 0.6% palmitic acid; the test diet contained 1.9% and 1.2%, respectively. Body weight (BW), backfat (BF), lateral, and medial plantar pad thickness from the left rear leg were measured. No significant differences were detected for BW or BF between the test and control groups. The lateral pad was always thicker than the medial one (P < 0.001). No significant difference for plantar pad thickness was detected for the 35 d treatment. For the other treatments, thickness increased with respect to the control group (P < 0.01); the percentage of increase ranged from 20.8% (lateral side, 45 d treatment) to 37.8% (lateral side, 65 d treatment). Its effects on foot health must still be demonstrated.

scholarly journals Studies on the energy metabolism of the pregnant sow

1985 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Close ◽  
J. Noblet ◽  
R. P. Heavens
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Reproductive Tissue ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
And Control

1. The heat losses and energy and nitrogen balances of pregnant gilts, and of their non-pregnant litter sisters (controls), were measured for periods of 7 d at feed intakes of 1.8 or 2 3 kg/d (20 or 30 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) respectively) at an environmental temperature of 20°. The measurements were made within three separate periods of gestation; 40–60 d (early), 60–80 d (mid) and 90–110 d (late). Values for ME intake, heat loss, energy retention (ER), protein deposition and fat deposition were determined for both the pregnant and control animals on each treatment.2. When expressed per kg body-Weight 0.75 per d, there was little difference in heat loss between pregnant and non-pregnant animals and between pregnant animals at the different stages of gestation at any given ME intake. However, heat loss was higher at the higher ME intake.3. ER vaned inversely with heat loss. The decrease in ME intake (kJ/kg body-Weight 0.75 per d) during pregnancy resulted in a decrease in ER so that the pregnant animals were in negative energy balance at the low feed intake during late gestation. From the relation between ER and ME intake, estimates of the maintenance energy requirement (MEm) of 411 and 401 kJ/kg body-weight0.75 per d were calculated, with corresponding partial efficiencies of energy utilization (k) of 0.74 and 0.68 for the pregnant and non-pregnant animals respectively.4. For the pregnant animals, protein deposition was highest during mid-pregnancy and was relatively independent of level of feeding during mid- and late pregnancy. There was little difference in protein deposition between pregnant and non-pregnant animals at the high feed intake. At the low feed intake, the pregnant animals generally had a higher protein deposition than their non-pregnant litter sisters and this was entirely associated with the accretion in reproductive tissue.5. Fat deposition depended on the level of feeding, and at any given ME intake was similar for pregnant and control animals. In late gestation the low level of feeding was insufficient to prevent the pregnant animals losing fat. It was calculated that at term these animals lost 140 g fat/d from maternal stores.6. From the relation between ME intake and protein and fat deposition, estimates of ME, and the energetic efficiencies of protein (k,) and fat (k,) deposition were determined. There was little difference in ME, (422 and 420 kJ/kg body-weight 0.5 per d) and k, (0.88 and 0.90) between pregnant and non-pregnant animals respectively. However, the pregnant animals had a higher k, (0.69 compared with 0.49 for controls) and this reflected the higher rates of protein deposition associated with pregnancy.7. The efficiency of energy deposition in the reproductive tissue was calculated to be 0.72.

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