scholarly journals Levels of available phosphorus and calcium for broilers from 8 to 35 days of age fed rations containing phytase

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1237-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adimar Cardoso Júnior ◽  
Paulo Borges Rodrigues ◽  
Antônio Gilberto Bertechini ◽  
Rilke Tadeu Fonseca de Freitas ◽  
Renato Ribeiro de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Four Levels

Two experiments using Cobb broiler chicks from 8 to 35 days of age were carried out to evaluate the effect of reducing levels of calcium and available phosphorus in diets supplemented with 500 ftu phytase/kg on the performance of the birds, the content of ashes in the tibia, the metabolizable energy of the diet, and the metabolizability of the dry matter and crude protein. It was used 1,404 broiler chicks in the experiment 1 to evaluate feed intake, weight gain, food conversion and percentage of the ashes in the tibia. In the experiment 2, simultaneously carried out with experiment 1, a total of 390 birds were transferred to a metabolism room to determine the metabolizable energy and metabolizability of the dry matter and crude protein. It was used in the two experiments, a complete random design in a 3 × 4 + 1 factorial scheme with three levels of available phosphorus (0.375; 0.325; and 0.275%) and four levels of calcium (0.85; 0.75; 0.65 and 0.55%) in the diets, supplemented with phytase. It was also used a control diet without phytase, based on corn and soybean bran, formulated with 0.425% of available phosphorus and 0.85% of calcium. In the experiment 1, the reduction of levels of calcium and phosphorus did not cause a significant difference on the performance and percentage of bone ashes. The levels of calcium and available phosphorus used in the experiment 2 can be reduced down to 0.65 and 0.325%, respectively, because the effects are similar to those obtained with the currently suggested levels.

scholarly journals Egg performance, egg quality, and nutrient utilization in laying hens fed diets with different levels of rapeseed expeller cake

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. SWIATKIEWICZ ◽  
J. KORELESKI ◽  
A. ARCZEWSKA-WLOSEK
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Dietary Level ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Egg Performance ◽  
Different Levels

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of rapeseed expeller cake (RC) in the diet of laying hens on egg performance, egg quality, retention and excretion of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus, and metabolizability of energy. The experiment was carried out with 72 Bovans Brown hens, from 28 to 53 weeks of age. Experimental treatment consisted of four isonitrogenous and isocaloric corn-soybean diets (as calculated: 17% crude protein, 11.6 MJ/kg metabolizable energy, 0.81% lysine, 0.36% methionine, 3.60% calcium and 0.37% available phosphorus), containing 0, 4, 6 or 8% RC. The RC used was produced from double zero rapeseed and contained 29.3% crude protein, 17.4% crude fat, 10.8% crude fibre, 0.63% calcium, 0.97% phosphorus, 1.91% lysine and 0.84% methionine. During the experimental period, the dietary level of RC had no significant effects on egg performance and egg quality parameters. Boiled eggs from hens fed a diet with 8% RC were characterized by an inferior flavour to those from other groups. There were no treatment effects on nitrogen balance or metabolizability of energy, though the highest dietary level of RC negatively affected retention and excretion of calcium and phosphorus.;

scholarly journals RUMEN FERMENTATION AND DIGESTIBILITY IN STEERS AS INFLUENCED BY LEVEL OF INTAKE AND MONENSIN

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-860
Author(s):  
G. M. J. HORTON ◽  
M. J. FARMER ◽  
K. A. BASSENDOWSKI ◽  
G. M. STEACY
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Four Levels

The effects of level of feed intake and monensin on rumen fermentation and digestibility in steers were evaluated. The four levels of feed intake were 30, 50, 70 and 90 g of dry matter per kilogram body weight raised to the 0.75 power (g/kg0.75). Monensin was included at 0 and 33 mg/kg diet. The diet contained 60% rolled barley and 36.5% alfalfa pellets. Organic matter digestibility decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of intake when the control diet was fed but was not affected by intake when monensin was included in the feed. Crude protein digestibility was consistently higher (P < 0.05) in monensin than control-fed steers at all four intake levels and decreased with increasing feed consumption in steers fed both control and monensin diets. Rumen fluid pH and ammonia and plasma urea nitrogen were not affected by monensin, and decreased (P < 0.05) as feed intake increased. Both higher feed intake and monensin caused an increase in the molar proportion of ruminal propionic acid and a decrease in the proportion of acetic acid. Key words: Intake monensin, digestibility, PUN, VFA, cattle

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Growth Performance among Broilers Supplemented with Synthetic Lysine Amino Acid from 0-28 Days

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Melaku ◽  
M Urge ◽  
G Animut
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Different Levels

Different levels of synthetic lysine amino acid were supplemented to 240 starter broiler chicks randomly distributed to 12 groups of each 20-day chicks and allocated to four treatment diets in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). T1 (Control) basal diet (0% synthetic lysine); T2 (0.15% synthetic lysine); T3 (0.3% synthetic lysine) and T4 (0.45% synthetic lysine). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) observed between treatments in dry matter, metabolizable energy, crude protein intake, body weight and death rate of the chicks. In conclusion, there were no significant changes for all parameters and further amino acid analysis of the feedstuffs is required and extra addition above 0.45% synthetic lysine of T4 need to be added in this experiment which numerically improved the chick’s performance. Further experiments were recommended to evaluate the levels of lysine amino acid in the feedstuffs and its inclusion level in to the diet of modern broiler strains.

scholarly journals Effect of Prebiotics and Probiotics as natural growth promoters in broiler chicks

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
C. T. Ezeokeke
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Natural Growth ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Metabolizable Energy Intake

Sixty day-old broiler chicks (Ross breed) were treated with or without prebiotics and probiotics (Natural growth promoters) containing immune extracts at the starter (1-5wks) and finisher (6-10wks) phases. The birds were allocated to no diets (one test and one control) in a contpletely randomized design. Each treatment had three replicates of ten birds per replicate. Energy and protein levels of the diets were 3000 Kcal ME/kg and crude protein (CP) of 20% and 3000 Kcal ME/kg and 17% CP at starter and finisher phases, respectively. The experiment lasted ten weeks. The daily metabolizable energy intake for body maintenance, 146.97 cal./ day for birds on the tesi diet was significantly (P<0.05) higher than those birds on the control diet, 113.04 cal./day at the starter phase. At the finisher phase, efficiency of feed utilization (0.38 as against 0.19), mean weights of live (1920g as against /570g) and plucked (1740 as against 1380g) parts of the treated birds were significantly (P<0.05) betier than the untreated birds. Other parameters measured increased more for the treated birds but were not significant (P>0.05). The immune status conferred on the birds ensured adequate protection from death for the treated birds. The untreated birds suffered 67% more mortality than the treated birds. Though mortality rate was within the acceptable limits for both treated and untreated birds. The results of the experiment showed that Enterococcus faesium, inulin together with cell-wall fragments and immune stimulant extracts as probiotics and prebiotics enhanced growth performance of broiler chicks. The trial was successful. 

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Interaction Between Phytase and Xilanase on Metabolizability of Energy-Reduced Broiler Diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 515
Author(s):  
Natália Ramos Batista Chaves ◽  
Karina Marcia Ribeiro de Souza Nascimento ◽  
Charles Kiefer ◽  
Maurício Silva Rosa ◽  
Henrique Barbosa de Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Reduction ◽  
Available Phosphorus

To examine the association between phytase and xylanase in diets with nutritional adjustments on the metabolizability of feed by broiler diets, 250 chickens were used and distributed among five treatments and five replicates of 10 broilers each. The treatments were: positive control diet - without phytase or xylanase; negative control diet - with an energy reduction of 0.419 MJ/kg, without phytase or xylanase; and three diets containing xylanase and phytase and energy reductions of 0.209, 0.409 and 0.628 MJ/kg. For all energy-reduced diets, the nutritional matrix of phytase with phosphorus (0.15%), calcium (0.165%) and sodium (0.035%) was considered. The energy reduction of 0.628 MJ/kg with inclusion of the enzymes resulted in a higher metabolizability of the crude protein, also the apparent and apparent corrected metabolizable energy coefficients for nitrogen balance were higher in diets with a reduction energy of 0.209 MJ/kg, however had values similar to those obtained in the positive control diets and diets with energy reduction of 0.628 MJ/kg containing enzymes. The inclusion of phytase (500 FTU/kg) and xylanase (16,000 BXU/kg) in broiler diets, makes it possible to reduce metabolizable energy by up to 0.628 MJ/kg, available phosphorus, calcium, and sodium, and improve the metabolizability of the nutrients.

A note on crossbreeding for fat-lamb production in the hot tropics

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Sehgal ◽  
S. A. Karim ◽  
Manohar Singh ◽  
R. M. Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Body Heat

ABSTRACTTo compare the genetic group differences in live-weight gains, efficiency of food conversion (in terms of dry matter, total digestible nutrients, digestible crude protein, digestible energy and metabolizable energy) and physiological responses related to heat balance, a total of 24 male lambs (91 to 180 days old), four each of Malpura, Sonadi, and their crosses with Dorset and Suffolk breeds, were given a ration having a roughage to concentrate ratio of 250:750g/kg and metabolizable energy content of 100MJ/kg dry matter. Live-weight gain per day was higher and the food conversion ratio (the intakes of total digestible nutrients, digestible energy and metabolizable energy per kg gain) was lower in the crossbreds than in the native sheep. The crossbreds had higher respiratory rates (153 per min) than the natives (140 per min) but there was no significant difference in rectal temperature between purebreds and crossbreds. The crossbred lambs in the present experiment grew faster, consumed more food and utilized the food more efficiently than did the native lambs, despite the fact that they dissipated more energy as body heat. It was, therefore, concluded that the crossbreds performed better than the native breeds between 3 and 6 months of age, even though they were not permanently acclimatized to hot environmental conditions.

scholarly journals The use of nanoencapsulation god’s crown (Phaleria macrocarpa) fruits extract in drinking water on growth performance in broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
Niati Ningsih ◽  
Bambang Ariyadi ◽  
Zuprizal Zuprizal
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Phaleria Macrocarpa

The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of nanoencapsulation of Phaleria macrocarpa fruits extract (NEPM) in drinking water and the effect on broiler growth performance. A total number of 200 male broiler chicks, aged eight days old, were distributed into 5 treatments with 4 replicates (10 birds in each replicate). The experimental treatments consisted of the basal diet (P0; negative control), and basal diet with antibiotic tetracycline supplementation (P1; positive control), and basal diets with 2.5% of Phaleria macrocarpa fruits extract (P2), 2.5% NEPM (P3), or 5.0% NEPM (P4). The basal diet was based on yellow corn and soybean meal that contains 20.44% crude protein, 2917.47 kcal/kg metabolizable energy, 0.84% Calcium, and 0.51% available Phosphorus. The diets and drinking water was supplied for ad libitum consumption. Parameters evaluated in the current study were growth performance (feed consumption and conversation, body weight gain, water consumption, slaughter and carcass weight, and carcass percentage), Data were analyzed using analysis of variance in a completely randomized design. Orthogonal contrast tests were used to separate data with a significant difference. Results showed that supplementation of NEPM in the drinking water did not affect growth performance of broiler chicken.

scholarly journals Digestibility and physico-chemical characteristics of acid silage meal made of pirarucu waste in diets for commercial laying hens

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Oscarina De Souza Batalha ◽  
Sonia Sena Alfaia ◽  
Frank George Guimarães Cruz ◽  
Rogério Souza de Jesus ◽  
João Paulo Ferreira Rufino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Physico Chemical

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of acid silage meal made of pirarucu waste in diets for commercial laying hens on apparent digestibility and energy metabolism. Seventy-two Hisex White hens with 71 weeks of age were assigned to a completely randomized with two treatments (control diet and diet with 3% pirarucu waste acid silage) with six replicates of six birds each. The ensiled biomass was light brown in color, showing acidified aroma; creamy consistency; 4.38±0.11 pH; 84.16% dry matter; 40.06% crude protein; 26.82% ether extract; 9.31% mineral matter, 65.16 g kg-1 calcium and 22.90 g kg-1 phosphorus. Differences (p > 0.05) were detected in digestibility of crude protein, non-fiber carbohydrates (soluble carbohydrates), etherextract, mineral matter, metabolizable energy and metabolizable energy coefficient. Our results indicate that the acid silage mealmade of pirarucu waste can be included up to 3% in diets for laying hens, showing satisfactory nutrient digestibility and potential to be used as an energy source. 

Dietary levels of metabolizable energy and crude protein for "Cornish" chicks

1969 ◽  
Vol 82 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Franklin A. Salas ◽  
Paul F. Randel ◽  
Ernesto O. Riquelme ◽  
José R. Latorre
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Protein G ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Objective Criterion ◽  
Mean Values

One hundred eighty hybrid broiler chicks of the Peterson x Hubbard line, in 18 groups of 10, were used to compare six diets (three replications). The diets consisted mainly of maize, soybean and fish meals, and vegetable oil, and varied in levels of metabolizable energy (kcal/kg) and protein (g/kg) as follows; (A) 3,000/230, (B) 3,200/230, (C) 3,400/245, (D) 3,400/260, (E) 3,600/ 260, and (F) 3,800/260. Mean values per chick at wk 4 for treatments A to F, respectively, were as follows: weight gain, 994; 1,053; 1,105; 1,055; 1,063; and 943 g; and feed conversion, 1.81, 1.71, 1.57, 1.55, 1.48, and 1.48 g/g. Weight (g) and yield (%) of carcass at wk 4, respectively, were 693 (66.7), 740 (67.4), 774 (67.3), 725 (66.0), 740 (67.0), and 653 (66.0). Sample evaluation of these carcasses and of locally produced and imported carcasses showed percentage of breast to be highest in the imports (30.8) and in treatment C (30.6). In the objective criterion of conformation [weight (g)/pectoral músete area (cm2)], carcasses of C (19.8) and E (18.7) were highest. Percentages of water and of protein in the dry matter (DM) were highest in imported carcasses (70 and 52, respectively). In percentage fat in the DM, those of A and C and local commercial carcasses were highest (42), and those of F (32) and the imported (35) were lowest. Diets C and E, which promoted rapid, efficient growth and desirable carcasses, are recommended for use with "Cornish" chicks.

DIGESTIBILITY OF NUTRIENTS WITH THE INCLUSION OF CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID IN THE DIET OF DOGS

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N L M Rivera ◽  
A Maiorka ◽  
M El-Tassé ◽  
S G Oliveira ◽  
E L Krabbe
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Ethereal Extract ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract

The inclusion of the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in food for dogs has been displaying greatpotential, taking into account several benefits in regard to the use of this product. To determine the effect of CLAon the digestibility of the dry matter, nutrients and energy in dogs, two experiments were performed using dogs ofBeagle type, in the age of seven and 15 months, respectively. The experimental diets were isonutritive, justdiffering by the inclusion of CLA, watching for the addition to the control-diet, of an amount of lipids in the form ofchicken fat equivalent to the amount of CLAadded (0.3%), so that the diets were isoenergetic. The coefficients ofapparent digestibility of the dry matter, crude protein, ethereal extract and nitrogen-free extract were not affectedby the inclusion of conjugated linoleic acid, showing that the addition of the product did not interfere with theprocess of digestion of nutrients. In both digestibility experiments, higher values of metabolizable energy wereobserved for the diets with inclusion of CLA(P < 0.01) when compared with the control-diet.

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