scholarly journals Does Reminding of Behavioural Biases Increase Returns from Financial Trading? A Field Experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria De Paola ◽  
Francesca Gioia ◽  
Fabio Piluso
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Financial Trading ◽  
Virtual Platform ◽  
The Individual

Nudge policies are interventions that aim to guide the individual to behave according to the policy’s objectives without changing the option set or economic incentives. We ran a field experiment to investigate whether nudge policies, consisting in behavioural insight messaging, help to improve performance in financial trading. Our experiment involved students enrolled in a financial trading course in an Italian University who were invited to trade on Borsa Italiana’s virtual platform. Students were randomly assigned to a control group and a treatment group. Treated students received a message reminding them of the existence of behavioural biases in financial trading. We find that treated students significantly improve the performance of their portfolio. Several behaviours may explain the increase in performance. We find evidence pointing to a reduction in the home and status quo biases for risk averse nudged participants.

scholarly journals Combined effect ofLactobacillus acidophilusandβ-cyclodextrin on serum cholesterol in pigs

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Alonso ◽  
J. Fontecha ◽  
P. Cuesta
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Individual

AbstractA total of twenty-four Yorkshire gilt pigs of 6–7 weeks of age were used in a 2×2 factorial experiment to determine the individual and combined effects of the inclusion of two dietary factors (cholesterol rich, 3 %β-cyclodextrin (BCD) andLactobacillus acidophiluscultures) on total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels in blood serum. Pigs were assigned randomly to treatment groups (n6). Total serum cholesterol concentrations decreased after 3 weeks in all the experimental treatment groups, including diets with BCD,L.acidophilusor both. Similar trends were observed for serum LDL-cholesterol concentrations among the experimental treatments. No statistically significant differences from the control group were observed in either total serum cholesterol or LDL-cholesterol concentrations (P<0·05) for each of the individual treatment groups: BCD orL.acidophilus. However, significant differences in total serum cholesterol concentrations were observed when comparing the combined treatment group (BCD andL.acidophilus) with the control group, which consisted of a basal diet and sterile milk. The combined treatment group exhibited 17·9 % lower total serum cholesterol concentration after 3 weeks. Similar significant differences were observed when comparing the combined effect experimental group with the control group after 3 weeks. The combined treatment group exhibited 27·9 % lower serum LDL-cholesterol concentrations.

scholarly journals Testing the Effectiveness of a Future Selves Intervention for Increasing Retirement Saving: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Mexico

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avni Shah ◽  
Hal Hershfield ◽  
David Munguia Gomez ◽  
Alissa Fishbane
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Retirement Savings ◽  
Future Selves ◽  
Saving Behavior ◽  
Future Self ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract One psychological barrier impeding saving behavior is the inability to fully empathize with one’s future self. Future self interventions have improved savings by helping people overcome this obstacle. Despite the promise of such interventions, previous research has focused predominantly on hypothetical contexts and western settings where the target sample has been predominantly undergraduate. Do interventions that encourage people to more concretely consider their future selves during retirement still have a positive effect on behavior in consequential, real-world savings decisions? Using a field experiment in Mexico (N = 7,603), where less than 1% make a voluntary savings contribution annually, we developed a low-cost, easy-to-implement intervention to test whether concrete thinking about one’s future life improves recurring retirement savings signups relative to a status quo, control group. We find that future self decision aids significantly improved the likelihood of signing up for an automatic recurring savings plan by nearly four times compared to the control.

scholarly journals Risk aversion and effort under an incentive pay scheme with multiplicative noise

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Zubanov
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Multiplicative Noise ◽  
Risk Preferences ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Incentive Pay ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Piece Rate

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider the influence of individual risk preferences on the effectiveness of incentive pay schemes, by examining the link between individual effort and risk aversion in situations where outcome uncertainty multiplies with effort. Such “multiplicative noise” situations are common, occurring whenever payment is awarded per success rather than per attempt. Design/methodology/approach – The paper develops a theoretical model which predicts a negative risk aversion-effort link under multiplicative noise without a performance target (PT), and a weaker negative link once the target is introduced. This model is then taken to the data from a lab experiment where participants were randomly assigned to a control group, which received fixed pay, and a treatment group, which received a piece rate awarded with a certain probability, with and without a PT. Risk aversion is measured with a menu of lottery choices offered at the end of the experiment. Findings – Compared to their peers in the control group, the more risk-averse participants in the treatment group put in progressively less effort in the absence of a PT. The introduction of a PT substantially weakens this negative risk aversion-effort link, so that there are no more significant differences in performance between the more and the less risk averse. Research limitations/implications – The paper’s findings speak to the empirical puzzles of incentive pay schemes backfiring and of the proliferation of PTs. The negative risk aversion-effort link may be one reason behind the failure of incentive schemes to deliver improved performance, whereas the weakening of this link may be one justification for the existence of PTs. Practical implications – In the multiplicative noise environments, managers should take their workers’ risk preferences into account when designing incentive pay schemes. A PT may be a useful motivational tool for the risk-averse workers who are more likely to under-perform. Originality/value – The multiplicative noise environment has been largely overlooked by the existing literature, yet it is common in practice. An example is the work of a sales agent who receives a bonus per sales which succeeds with a certain probability after each customer contact. This paper is one of the first to model, and test experimentally, worker performance in this environment.

scholarly journals Increasing the take-up of the housing allowance among Swedish pensioners: a field experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1353-1382
Author(s):  
Per Engström ◽  
Eskil Forsell ◽  
Johannes Hagen ◽  
Arnaldur Stefánsson
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Housing Allowance ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Field Experiment ◽  
Conditional Acceptance

AbstractUsing a randomized field experiment in the Swedish pension system, we investigate whether receiving an information letter affects the take-up rate of the housing allowance for pensioners. We also investigate whether the framing of the information letter affects take-up. The results show that simple information letters had a significant effect on the application rate and subsequent take-up rate: The baseline application rate in the targeted control population was only 1.4%, while the corresponding rates in the different treatment groups were between 9.9 and 12.1%. However, while the applications in the control group were accepted in almost 3 out of 4 cases, up to 50% of the applications in the treatment group were declined. The lower conditional acceptance rate in the treatment group seems to be largely driven by wealth, which the Pensions Agency cannot observe prior to submission. Information campaigns aimed at increasing benefit take-up therefore need careful design in situations with imperfect targeting.

Does a Threatening Letter Increase Compliance with Restitution Orders?: A Field Experiment

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur J. Lurigio ◽  
Robert C. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Cook County ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
And Control

This study investigates a notification procedure to increase the payment of victim restitution. A sample of 223 adult probationers owing restitution in Cook County, Illinois, was randomly assigned to treatment and control groups. Offenders in the treatment group received a notification letter; offenders in the control group did not. The letter reminded defaulters of the amount owed, told them how to make payment, and threatened serious sanctions if they did not comply. Offenders receiving a notification letter were significantly more likely to pay restitution. The procedure was more effective with offenders who were employed and who had fewer prior arrests and prior probations.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MENDENGARKAN AYAT SUCI AL QURAN TERHADAP TINGKAT KECEMASAN PASIEN SEBELUM TINDAKAN EKSTRAKSI GIGI

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Syafrudin Aulia Azhar ◽  
Rahmawati Sri Praptiningsih ◽  
Erna Dwi Agustin
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
T Test ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Patient Anxiety ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Individual

Background: Anxiety is a normal reaction is for the individual against a very pressing situation. Individuals who experience anxiety when visiting the dentist called Dental Anxiety. Dental anxiety due to bad experiences in previous treatments. Physiological signs of anxiety is increased pulse rate. Listening to the Quran can provide a relaxing effect so it can reduce anxiety. The purpose of this study to determine the effect of listening to the Koran on the anxiety level of the patient before tooth extraction.Method: Quasi experiment study with pre-posttest with control group design was conducted on 38 extraction patient and divided into two groups: a control group that did not listen to the Quran and the treatment group who listened to the Quran before extraction. The pulse rate of control groups were measured at the time when patients came in and 5 minutes later. The pulse ate of treatment group were measured at the time when patients came in and after the patient were listened to Quran. Data were analyzed by Independent T-Test .Result: The result showed the average pulse rate in the treatment group before and after were 67.26 and 62.68, while the average pulse rate in the control group before and after were 65.89 and 65.84. Independent T-test results showed p=0.000, it's mean that there are significant differences of the pulse rate between the treatment group and the control group on the anxiety level of the patient before tooth extraction.Conclusion: It can be concluded that listening to the Quran could reduce patient anxiety before dental extraction.

THE EFFECT OF CAFFEINE ON SHORT-TERM SPATIAL LEARNING IN PERIPLANETA AMERICANA

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan D Broder ◽  
Kristen M Cattoi ◽  
William B Clinkscales ◽  
Taylor S Triana
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Individual Trial ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Time Required

The American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, has been used extensively in recent years to study aspects of the complex vertebrate nervous system as a simple and accessible invertebrate model. This experiment examined the effects of caffeine on short-term spatial learning in cockroaches using a modified Barnes maze. Prior to every trial, the treatment group was injected with a caffeine solution and the control group was injected with a saline solution. The amount of time required for the cockroach to complete the maze during the initial learning trial was recorded. One hour later, the amount of time required for the subjects to complete a second memory trial was also recorded. A one-tailed t-test between the individual trial times for the control group established that learning had occurred. A two-tailed t¬-test between the individual trial times for the treatment group showed no significant difference. A t-test of means compared the difference in maze completion times between the groups and proved there was a significant difference. Therefore, caffeine did not positively affect short-term spatial learning in cockroaches.

A Newspaper’s Effect on the Strength of Automatic Associations in Memory

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Arendt
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Short Term Effect ◽  
Automatic Associations ◽  
Foreign Nationality ◽  
The Impact

A test was done to see if reading a newspaper which consistently overrepresents foreigners as criminals strengthens the automatic association between foreign country and criminal in memory (i.e., implicit cultivation). Further, an investigation was done to find out if reading articles from the same newspaper produces a short-term effect on the same measure and if (1) emotionalization of the newspaper texts, (2) emotional reactions of the reader (indicated by arousal), and (3) attributed text credibility moderate the short-term treatment effect. Eighty-five participants were assigned to one of three experimental conditions. Participants in the control group received short factual crime texts, where the nationality of the offender was not mentioned. Participants in the factual treatment group received the same texts, but the foreign nationality was mentioned. Participants in the emotionalized treatment group received emotionalized articles (i.e., texts which are high in vividness and frequency) covering the same crimes, with the foreign nationality mentioned. Supporting empirical evidence for implicit cultivation and a short-term effect was found. However, only emotionalized articles produced a short-term effect on the strength of the automatic association, indicating that newspaper texts must have a minimum of stimulus intensity to overcome an effect threshold. There were no moderating effects of arousal or credibility pertaining to the impact on the implicit measure. However, credibility moderated the short-term effect on a first-order judgment (i.e., estimated frequency of foreigners of all criminals). This indicates that a newspaper’s effect on the strength of automatic associations is relatively independent from processes of propositional reasoning.

Perbandingan Efek Suplementasi Tablet Tambah Darah Dengan Dan Tanpa Vitamin C Terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin Pada Ibu Hamil Dengan Usiakehamilan 16-32 Minggu Di Desa Keniten Kecamatan Mojo Kabupaten Kediri

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Siti Asiyah ◽  
Dwi Estuning Rahayu ◽  
Wiranti Dwi Novita Isnaeni
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fetal Organ ◽  
And Control

The needed of Iron Tablet in pregnancy was increase than mother who not pregnant.  That  cause of  high metabolism at the pregnancy for formed of  fetal organ and energy. One of effort for prevent anemia in mother pregnant with giving the Iron tablet and vitamin c. The reason of  this research in 4 June – 11 July 2014 is for compare the effect of  iron tablet suplementation with and without vitamin C toward Hemoglobin level in mother pregnant With Gestational Age Of 16-32 Weeks In Desa Keniten Kecamatan Mojo Kabupaten Kediri. This research method using comparative analytical.  Research design type of Quasy Eksperiment that have treatment group and control group. Treatment group will giving by Iron tablet and 100 mg vitamin C, and control group just giving by iron tablet during 21 days. Population in this research are all of mother pregnant with Gestational Age Of 16-32 Weeks with Sampling technique is  cluster random sampling is 29 mother pregnant. Comparison analysis of  iron tablet suplementation effect with and without vitamin C toward Hemoglobin level in mother pregnant With Gestational Age Of 16-32 Weeks, data analysis using Mann Whitney U-test and the calculated U value (44,5) less than U-table (51). So there was difference of iron tablet suplementation effect with and without vitamin C toward Hemoglobin level in mother pregnant With Gestational Age Of 16-32 Weeks Therefore, the addition of vitamin C on iron intake is needed to increase the uptake of iron tablets. When the amount of iron uptake increases, the reserves of iron in the body will also increase, so as to prevent anemia in pregnant women; Keywords : Iron Tablet (Fe), Vitamin C, Hemoglobin level, Mother Pregnant

Effect of HylocereusPolyrhizus Rind Extract Toward Interleukin-1β, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression, Endometriosis Implant Area

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (08) ◽  
Author(s):  
YanuarEka P. ◽  
Hendy Hendarto ◽  
Widjiati .
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Fruit Rind

Retrograde menstruation lead to I Kappa B Kinase (IKK) fosforilation in peritoneum macrophage and cause secretion of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin1β then stimulate endometriosis cell to produce Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor which lead to increasing of endometriosis lession seen as endometriosis implant area. Cytokine secretion was inhibited through prevention of NF-κB activation by dragon red fruit rind extract (Hylocereuspolyrhizus). The aim of this reserach is to know the effect of dragon red fuit rind extract with 0,25; 0,5; and 1 mg/g bodyweight dosage toward IL-1β, VEGF expression and implant area in endometriosis mice model. The design of this experiment was randomized post test only control group design.Endometrios mice model were made in 14 days and split into two group, positive control group and treatment group after two week negative control group and postive control group were given Na-CMC 0,5% solution consequetively, and treatment group were given dragon red fruit extract with different dosage. Signification number for IL-1β is p>0,05, signification number for VEGF is p>0,05, and implant area signification number is p>0,05. Administration of dragon red fruit rind extract can decrease IL-1β, VEGF, and implant area.

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