scholarly journals Characterization of Organic Wastes and Effects of Their Application on the Soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Lucas De Sousa Oliveira ◽  
Mirian Cristina Gomes Costa ◽  
Henrique Antunes de Souza ◽  
Julius Blum ◽  
Gustavo Henrique da Silva Albuquerque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Semi Arid Region

The agricultural farming activities generate organic waste whose indiscriminate deposition can be prejudicial to the environment. However, careful application of these wastes as organic fertilizers it is a possibility to improve soil fertility. This study aimed to confirm the hypotheses that organic wastes produced in various production chains in the semi-arid region of Ceará have contents of nutrients that give them potential as organic fertilizers and, since they are used as organic fertilizers, these residues improve the chemical soil attributes. Nutrient contents were determined at the laboratory and then the wastes were placed in decomposition bags and applied in a Fluvic Neosol. Soil samples were collected in the 0-0.10 m layer 90 days after wastes were applied. The residues presented nutrient contents that allow their use as organic fertilizers, except the shrimp farming residue that presented sodium content above that allowed by legislation, resulting also in higher element contents in the soil. In addition, the shrimp farming showed the lowest organic carbon content in relation to others chemical elements. The residues of the poultry industry and the compound made with residues of small ruminants presented the highest of nitrogen and phosphorus levels. The carnauba residue was associated with phosphorus immobilization because it presented C/P ratio higher than 300.

FERTILIZATION SYSTEM AS A WAY OF SOIL FERTILITY AND STABILIZATION OF FIELD CROP ROTATION PRODUCTIVENESS

1970 ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
V. T. Sinegovskaya ◽  
E. T. Naumchenko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus ◽  
Crop Rotation System ◽  
Fertilizer System

The article presents the results of comparative evaluation of the efficiency of the long-term application of mineral and organic fertilizers in the crop rotation system. It was found that the application of the mineral fertilizer system increased the value of hydrolytic acidity of the soil from 4,30 to 5,29 mg-eq per 100 g of soil, the indicator of metabolic acidity decreased from 5,2 to 4,9 pH units. By the end of the 11th rotation for both fertilizer systems, the content of mobile phosphorus increased by more than 4 times relative to the initial value, its mobility indicator – by 2,2-3,2 times compared with the control. The use of the organo-mineral system was accompanied by an increase in the content of humus by 0,35 % and a decrease in the C:N ratio from 11,2 to 8,9. The increased productivity of wheat was revealed when applying nitrogen and nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers against the background of prolonged use of the mineral and organo-mineral fertilizer system. The change in wheat productivity by 56 % depended on the content of mineral nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, humus in the topsoil, and on the phosphate ion mobility. Soybean productivity depended on soil fertility indicators only by 24 %: the relationship between soybean productivity and the mineral forms of nitrogen and phosphorus is weak and direct, between productivity and P2O5 mobility - weak and inverse, with humus - moderate and direct.

Space-time monitoring of soil organic carbon content across a semi-arid region of Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. e00367
Author(s):  
Patrick Filippi ◽  
Stephen R. Cattle ◽  
Matthew J. Pringle ◽  
Thomas F.A. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus storage in subtropical seagrass meadows: examples from Florida Bay and Shark Bay

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 967 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Fourqurean ◽  
Gary A. Kendrick ◽  
Laurel S. Collins ◽  
Randolph M. Chambers ◽  
Mathew A. Vanderklift
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Florida Bay ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Shark Bay ◽  
Seagrass Meadows ◽  
C Storage

Seagrass meadows in Florida Bay and Shark Bay contain substantial stores of both organic carbon and nutrients. Soils from both systems are predominantly calcium carbonate, with an average of 82.1% CaCO3 in Florida Bay compared with 71.3% in Shark Bay. Soils from Shark Bay had, on average, 21% higher organic carbon content and 35% higher phosphorus content than Florida Bay. Further, soils from Shark Bay had lower mean dry bulk density (0.78 ± 0.01 g mL–1) than those from Florida Bay (0.84 ± 0.02 mg mL–1). The most hypersaline regions of both bays had higher organic carbon content in surficial soils. Profiles of organic carbon and phosphorus from Florida Bay indicate that this system has experienced an increase in P delivery and primary productivity over the last century; in contrast, decreasing organic carbon and phosphorus with depth in the soil profiles in Shark Bay point to a decrease in phosphorus delivery and primary productivity over the last 1000 y. The total ecosystem stocks of stored organic C in Florida Bay averages 163.5 MgCorg ha–1, lower than the average of 243.0 MgCorg ha–1 for Shark Bay; but these values place Shark and Florida Bays among the global hotspots for organic C storage in coastal ecosystems.

scholarly journals Influence of the genotype of Holstein breed bulls-producers on the sodium content in the blood serum of sons

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
M. V. Strizhkova ◽  
O. I. Sebezhko ◽  
T. V. Konovalova ◽  
K. N. Narozhnykh ◽  
V. A. Andreeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Water Feed

The study of the biological role of chemical elements in farm animals is one of the issues that scientists continue to investigate. A comprehensive study of the gene pool and phenofund of breeds and species of farm animals is being carried out in Siberia. An important issue is the search for vital markers of macronutrient accumulation, including sodium in organs and tissues of animals. The article presents data on the content of sodium in the blood serum of offspring obtained from bulls-producers of the Holstein breed. The experiment was carried out at OAO Vaganovo, Kemerovo region. The sodium concentration was determined by the atomic emission method on an ICP AES IRIS spectrometer at the V. S. Sobolev Analytical Center for Collective Use of the Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS. In the area of Holstein cattle breeding, there is no excess of LOC for heavy metals in soil, water, feed, organs and tissues of animals. The influence of the genotype of the fathers of the Holstein breed on the sodium content in the blood serum of sons was established. The sodium concentration in Fabio’s offspring was 1.9 times higher (240.4 mg/ l) than in Brio’s sons (P ˂ 0.001). By the level of sodium in the serum of offspring, bulls-producers were arranged in the following order: Brio ˂ Bonaire ˂ Malstrom ˂ Fabio in a proportion of 1: 1.3: 1.5: 1.9. The phenotypic variability of this element between the offspring of different producers differed by 3 times or more. Interbreed differentiation, the influence of the genotype of producers, differences between lines and families sign the hereditary determination of resistance and susceptibility to the accumulation of macro- and microelements in organs and tissues of animals.

scholarly journals Evolution of organismal stoichiometry in a long-term experiment with Escherichia coli

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 170497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline B. Turner ◽  
Brian D. Wade ◽  
Justin R. Meyer ◽  
Brooke A. Sommerfeld ◽  
Richard E. Lenski
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Serial Transfer ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Long Term Experiment

Organismal stoichiometry refers to the relative proportion of chemical elements in the biomass of organisms, and it can have important effects on ecological interactions from population to ecosystem scales. Although stoichiometry has been studied extensively from an ecological perspective, much less is known about the rates and directions of evolutionary changes in elemental composition. We measured carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content of 12 Escherichia coli populations that evolved under controlled carbon-limited, serial-transfer conditions for 50 000 generations. The bacteria evolved higher relative nitrogen and phosphorus content, consistent with selection for increased use of the more abundant elements. Total carbon assimilated also increased, indicating more efficient use of the limiting element. We also measured stoichiometry in one population repeatedly through time. Stoichiometry changed more rapidly in early generations than later on, similar to the trajectory seen for competitive fitness. Altogether, our study shows that stoichiometry evolved over long time periods, and that it did so in a predictable direction, given the carbon-limited environment.

scholarly journals Spatial variability of biogenic elements and organic carbon content in the tributaries of Lake Baikal

2020 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 05012
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Sharapova ◽  
Ludmila Efimova ◽  
Irina Denisova ◽  
Aida Ermekova ◽  
Mikhail Lychagin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Biogenic Elements ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Mineral Phosphorus ◽  
Erosion Processes

The article considers the features of biogenic elements and organic carbon (Corg) content spatial variability in the Lake Baikal tributaries. The role of hydrological conditions and landscape-geochemical features in the chemical elements flow formation is shown. It was found that organic carbon in the river waters is represented mainly by its dissolved form. In the lower reaches of the Selenga, erosion processes and economic activity in the catchment area increase the proportion of suspended forms of organic carbon and mineral phosphorus. In the river delta under the influence of the sedimentation and the intake of organic matter formed during aquatic vegetation decomposition, the content of dissolved Corg increases with a contemporary decrease in its suspended form. As a result of intensification of production and destruction processes in well-heated areas of the delta, a significant decrease in the concentrations of mineral phosphorus and an increase in organic phosphorus occur.

scholarly journals Ecological intensification in multi-trophic aquaculture ponds: an experimental approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Jaeger ◽  
Joël Aubin
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Rutilus Rutilus ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Fish Biomass ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Pond System ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Nutrients Cycling ◽  
Formulated Feed

As aquaculture production is increasing considerably, it needs to become more environment-friendly. Based on a participatory process, an ecologically intensive pond system was designed to test three hypotheses: a combination of intensive and extensive areas provides more ecosystem services than an intensive or extensive area alone; coupling a planted lagoon with an intensive pond decreases the latter's environmental impacts and maintains or increases its fish productivity; and using formulated feed in polyculture increases growth of all fish species. To test these hypotheses, we designed a specific integrated multi-trophic aquaculture system composed of a polyculture of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), roach (Rutilus rutilus) and tench (Tinca tinca) and a lagoon planted with macrophytes to filter the water. This pond system was compared with “extensive” (unfed) and “semi-intensive” fishpond systems without a planted lagoon. We measured fish growth performances, water quality, chlorophyll concentrations and water and sediment nutrient contents. We also calculated the mass balance of nutrients. Concentrations of total nitrogen and phosphorus increased in sediments, indicating that nutrients were stored in the ponds, especially in planted lagoon; the planted lagoon decreased phytoplankton development, and limited blooms, but it slightly decreased fish growth performances compared to those in semi-intensive fishponds. The formulated feed supplied clearly increased fish growth performances and the survival rate, and seemed also to increase the use of available nutrients in ponds, which improved the production of overall fish biomass. In conclusion, the planted lagoon provides ecosystem services on nutrients cycling and habitat for natural biodiversity. Improving knowledge about nutrient cycles from formulated feed within the pond food web would be useful to increase the amounts of nutrients converted into fish biomass.

scholarly journals Chemical Element Concentrations of Cycad Leaves: Do We Know Enough?

Horticulturae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin E. Deloso ◽  
Murukesan V. Krishnapillai ◽  
Ulysses F. Ferreras ◽  
Anders J. Lindström ◽  
Michael Calonje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Element Concentrations

The literature containing which chemical elements are found in cycad leaves was reviewed to determine the range in values of concentrations reported for essential and beneficial elements. We found 46 of the 358 described cycad species had at least one element reported to date. The only genus that was missing from the data was Microcycas. Many of the species reports contained concentrations of one to several macronutrients and no other elements. The cycad leaves contained greater nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations than the reported means for plants throughout the world. Magnesium was identified as the macronutrient that has been least studied. Only 14 of the species were represented by data from in situ locations, with most of the data obtained from managed plants in botanic gardens. Leaf element concentrations were influenced by biotic factors such as plant size, leaf age, and leaflet position on the rachis. Leaf element concentrations were influenced by environmental factors such as incident light and soil nutrient concentrations within the root zone. These influential factors were missing from many of the reports, rendering the results ambiguous and comparisons among studies difficult. Future research should include the addition of more taxa, more in situ locations, the influence of season, and the influence of herbivory to more fully understand leaf nutrition for cycads.

scholarly journals Natural Regeneration of the Mangrove Vegetation on Abandoned Salt Ponds in Ceará, in the Semi-Arid Region of Northeastern Brazil

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Reis-Neto ◽  
Antonio Meireles ◽  
Marília Cunha-Lignon
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Mangrove Vegetation ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

The development of the mangrove in Ceará state, northeastern Brazil, is limited by local environmental and climatic factors, associated with the variables that determine the region’s semi-arid climatic conditions. The same conditions also contribute to the installation of artisanal saltworks in estuarine environments. The artisanal production of salt peaked in the 20th century, but with the decline of this activity, the salt evaporation ponds were abandoned, and have been incorporated back into the natural marine-estuarine environment and colonized by mangrove forests. In the early 2000s, however, the expansion of shrimp farming operations impacted this same environment. The present study was based on a spatiotemporal analysis of the natural regeneration of the mangrove vegetation in abandoned salt pond areas in the Brazilian semi-arid region between 1968 and 2009. The integrated analysis of mangrove ecosystem dynamics and the legislation that regulates the licensing of these economic activities identified a number of technical problems in the formulation and execution of the COEMA resolution 02/2002, which permits the installation of shrimp farms in areas dominated by the mangrove. The findings of the present study reinforce the need for a careful reformulation of the Ceará state environmental legislation, in order to guarantee the maximum possible conservation of the coastal zone.

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