scholarly journals Production and Physical and Physicochemical Characterization Powder in Natura and Freeze-Dried of Moringa Seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Semirames do N. Silva ◽  
Francisco de Assis C. Almeida ◽  
Josivanda P. Gomes ◽  
Antônio Jackson R. Barroso ◽  
Polyana B. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
High Solubility ◽  
Solubility In Water ◽  
Compressibility Index ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Freeze Dryer

To apply low temperatures, different of other processes, maintain the structure of products and better preserve the thermosensitive components, the freeze-drying has called attention of various researchers. Aimed with the research to produce and characterize the powder in natura obtained by seeds of moringa, elaborate different pastes with addiction of 20, 30, 40 and 50 mL of distilled water, freeze-dry it, characterize it physical and physicochemical and select the best powder. The freeze-drying was produced through a benchtop freeze dryer. After drying it, from the powder were determined the real density, bulk density, compacted density, porosity, compressibility index, Hausner factor, hygroscopicity, solubility, color, moisture content and water activity, ashes, total acidity, pH, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates. The in natura powder was classified as non-hygroscopic, high solubility in water, low moisture content and water activity, high protein, lipids, carbohydrates and low acidity. Freeze-drying was presented as an appropriate method for the preservation of moringa constituents, with a formula selected with the addition of 50 mL of water.

scholarly journals Optimised Extraction of Trypsin Inhibitors from Defatted Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng) Seeds for Production of a Trypsin Inhibitor‐Enriched Freeze Dried Powder

Separations ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anh V. Le ◽  
Sophie E. Parks ◽  
Minh H. Nguyen ◽  
Paul D. Roach
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitors ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
High Solubility ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Momordica Cochinchinensis

The seeds of the Gac fruit, Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng, are rich in trypsin inhibitors (TIs) but their optimal extraction and the effects of freeze drying are not established. This study aims to (1) compare aqueous solvents (DI water, 0.1 M NaCl, 0.02 M NaOH and ACN)/water/FA, 25:24:1) for extracting TIs from defatted Gac seed kernel powder, (2) to optimise the extraction in terms of solvent, time and material to solvent ratio and (3) to produce a TI-enriched freeze-dried powder (FD-TIP) with good characteristics. Based on the specific TI activity (TIA), the optimal extraction was 1 h using a ratio of 2.0 g of defatted powder in 30 mL of 0.05 M NaCl. The optimisation improved the TIA and specific TIA by 8% and 13%, respectively. The FD-TIP had a high specific TIA (1.57 ± 0.17 mg trypsin/mg protein), although it also contained saponins (43.6 ± 2.3 mg AE/g) and phenolics (10.5 ± 0.3 mg GAE/g). The FD-TIP was likely stable during storage due to its very low moisture content (0.43 ± 0.08%) and water activity (0.18 ± 0.07) and its ability to be easily reconstituted in water due to its high solubility index (92.4 ± 1.5%). Therefore, the optimal conditions for the extraction of TIs from defatted Gac seed kernel powder followed by freeze drying gave a high quality powder in terms of its highly specific TIA and physical properties.

scholarly journals Enhanced Microencapsulation of C-Phycocyanin from Arthrospira by Freeze-Drying with Different Wall Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanida Pan-utai ◽  
Siriluck Iamtham
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Wall Materials

Research background. C-phycocyanin (C-PC) as a water-soluble blue pigment was extracted from microalga Arthrospira. C-PC could be a good substitute for synthetic pigments with high antioxidant activity. However, C-PC is unstable due to sensitivity to temperature, light, pH, and oxygen; therefore applications of C-PC in food and other products are limited. Microencapsulation of C-PC using freeze-drying is a solution to this problem and is considered a suitable method for drying heat-sensitive pigment. Experimental approach. C-phycocyanin was extracted from Arthrospira platensis. C-phycocyanin microcapsules were modified by freeze-drying, with different ratios at 0-100 % of maltodextrin (MD) and gum Arabic (GA) used as microencapsulation wall materials. The powders produced were evaluated for physical properties including moisture content and water activity, solubility, hygroscopicity, bulk density, colour appearance, particle morphology and size distribution. Thermal stability and antioxidant activity of freeze-dried C-PC microencapsulated powders were also assessed. Results and conclusions. Freeze-dried C-PC microencapsulated powders with maltodextrin and gum Arabic as wall materials gave high encapsulation efficiency of around 99 %. At higher gum Arabic percentage, moisture content decreased and water activity improved. Maltodextrin gave higher solubility of C-PC powders whereas gum Arabic led to a similar colour of C-PC without microencapsulation. Freeze-dried C-PC microencapsulated powders were composed of different sized microparticles regardless of the combination of wall materials with amorphous glassy shapes. Thermal stability of encapsulated C-PC increased and also showed high antioxidant properties. Novelty and scientific contribution. C-PC microcapsules that maintain colourant stability with high antioxidant levels and resistance to high temperatures can be applied in a wide variety of products and also in the food industry.

scholarly journals Stability evaluation of quail egg powder obtained by freeze-drying

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. e184101420930
Author(s):  
Mariana Aparecida Nunes ◽  
Camila Alves Moreira ◽  
Lenilton Santos Soares ◽  
Marta Fernanda Zotarelli ◽  
Marieli de Lima
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
High Relative Humidity ◽  
Initial Time ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Egg Powder ◽  
Monolayer Moisture

This study aimed to produce quail egg powder by freeze-drying and to evaluate its stability in different types of flexible packages (low-density polyethylene, polypropylene and pigmented polypropylene) in high relative humidity (approximately 81%) at 25 °C during 59 days. The packages were evaluated for water vapor permeability and freeze-dried egg was characterized as to bulk density and hygroscopicity (initial time), and moisture, water activity, pH and color (until the end of storage). GAB, BET and Peleg sorption isotherm models were adjusted to the experimental data to predict monolayer moisture content in the powdered eggs. The freeze-dried quail eggs presented a little oscillation in color coordinates, reduction in pH, and increase in moisture content and water activity during storage for all packages used. No evaluated packaging was sufficiently effective as a moisture barrier. GAB and BET models fitted better to the experimental data for the freeze-dried quail egg, and the estimated monolayer moisture values were 0.0333 and 0.0227 g H2O/g solids, respectively. The powdered quail egg has industrial potential, however, it is susceptible to significant changes throughout storage when exposed to high relative humidity and conditioned in the tested packages. Commercially, as this product can be sold in regions with different temperatures and relative humidity, it is essential to consider the use of preservatives or anti-wetting agents.

scholarly journals Fortified and freeze-dried kiwi fruit (Actinidia deliciosa): quality and sensory assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niladri Chakraborty ◽  
Rajat Chakraborty ◽  
Asit Kumar Saha
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Actinidia Deliciosa ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Kiwi Fruit ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Freeze Dried

Abstract Kiwi fruit (Actinidia deliciosa) (KF) is one of the best fruits available due to its large amount of nutrients. Despite its many health benefits, there are no previous reports on its preparation in other readily ingestible forms. The objective of the present study was to make a new food product from KF. The KF pulp was fortified and blended with several raw materials (such as rice flour and oat flour) using a stepwise short time addition and mixing methodology since this avoids unwanted biochemical and chemical reactions. The blended and reduced moisture KF paste was freeze-dried on a round silver coated steel plate (RSCSP), supplying the heat of sublimation using a newly designed cubic heater. The freeze-drying (FD) time was 4.5 h and the drying kinetics were studied using four established models. The effective moisture diffusivity (Deff) during FD (at 50 °C) was 1.532 x 10-6 m2/s and the activation energy (E) estimated for the FD was 28.35 kJ/mol. The freeze-dried sample was ground and placed under vacuum to reduce the weathering effects. The quality of the stored product was evaluated using the proximate analysis, physicochemical analysis and a sensory evaluation using a hedonic scale. The raw, fresh KF had a moisture content of 85.07% and the final freeze-dried product one of 3%. The carbohydrate, total sugar, protein, fat, total ash, crude fibre and vitamin C contents of the final product increased by 563%, 400%, 355%, 386%, 672%, 106%, and 117% respectively. Of the 66 panelists, the % consumer acceptances for the different attributes were: sweetness (68.18%), sourness (90.91%), saltiness (100%), bitterness (100%), flavour (95.45%), texture (77.27%) and overall acceptability (81.82%). Using conventional freeze-drying (CFD) for blended KF pulp without fortification, with the same RSCSP and the same cubic heater for sublimation, the drying time was found to be 7 h to reach the same final moisture content of 3%.

scholarly journals Effect of Size and Drying Time on the Rehydration and Sensory Properties of Freeze-Dried Snails (Achatina achatina)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Achaglinkame ◽  
Eric Owusu-Mensah ◽  
Abena A. Boakye ◽  
Ibok Oduro
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Hedonic Scale

Snails, a delicacy in most tropical communities, are highly perishable and seasonal. Employed preservative methods are highly temperature dependent, adversely affecting their nutritional value and sensory properties. This study was aimed at determining the effect of size and drying time on the rehydration and sensory properties of freeze-dried snails. Snails were sized into three categories with average weights: 7.59 g (quarter-sized), 14.41 g (half-sized), and 30.71 g (whole), and freeze-dried for 15, 20, and 25 h. The moisture content and percent rehydration of the dried samples were determined by standard methods and sensory properties assessed by an in-house panel of 30 using a 5-point hedonic scale. The moisture content of the fresh and freeze-dried samples ranged from 65.80 to 75.20% and 3.25 to 10.24%, respectively. Freeze-dried samples had higher percent rehydration (27 to 102%) than the control; smoked snails (21 to 32%). Size had a significant (P<0.05) effect on the rehydration ability of the samples with the half-sized and freeze-dried for 15 h samples having the highest. The freeze-dried samples generally had higher consumer preference than the control in all attributes assessed. The findings show that freeze-drying snails (approximate weight of 14.4 g) for 15 h could be a consumer-preferred alternative preservative method for extending the shelf life of snails.

scholarly journals Effect of drying methods on properties of green curry powder

2018 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 03023
Author(s):  
Natthacha Chaloeichitratham ◽  
Pornkanya Mawilai ◽  
Thadchapong Pongsuttiyakorn ◽  
Pimpen Pornchalermpong
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Hot Air Drying ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Hot Air

In this study, the effects of two drying methods: hot-air and freeze drying for Thai green curry paste in a terms of drying time and qualities have been investigated. The hot-air drying was carried out in tray dryer at temperature of 50, 60 and 70 °C. The freeze drying was carried out in freeze dryer at freezing temperature of -20°C, primary drying temperature of -10°C and secondary drying temperature of 50°C. Moisture content, water activity, colour, bulk density, and total phenolic content (TPC) were determined in samples. Freeze dried sample had significantly (p<0.05) lower moisture content, water activity, bulk density, total colour difference and browning index than hot air dried samples. For antioxidant activity, the results showed hot-air drying at 70°C effected highest TPC similar to freeze drying.

scholarly journals Effect of the Freeze-Drying Process on the Physicochemical and Microbiological Properties of Mexican Kefir Grains

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Conde-Islas ◽  
Maribel Jiménez-Fernández ◽  
Denis Cantú-Lozano ◽  
Galo Urrea-García ◽  
Guadalupe Luna-Solano
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Freezing Time ◽  
Residual Moisture Content ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Residual Moisture ◽  
Kefir Grains

The purpose of this study was to investigate how the properties of Mexican kefir grains (MKG) are affected by the operating parameters used in the freeze-drying process. The factors investigated were the freezing time (3–9 h), freezing temperature (−20 to −80 °C), pressure (0.2–0.8 mbar), and lyophilization time (5–20 h). The maximum range of change and one-way analysis of variance showed that lyophilization time and freezing time significant affects (p < 0.05) the response variables, residual moisture content and water activity, and pressure had a significant effect on the color difference and survival rate of probiotic microorganisms. The best drying conditions were a freezing time of 3 h, a freezing temperature of −20 °C, a pressure of 0.6 mbar, and a lyophilization time of 15 h. Under these conditions, we obtained a product with residual moisture content below 6%, water activity below 0.2, and survival rates above 8.5 log cfu per gram of lactic acid bacteria and above 8.6 log for yeast.

scholarly journals Determination of shelf-life using accelerated shelf-life testing (ASLT) method and characterization of the flavour components of freeze-dried durian (Durio zibethinus) products

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 98-106
Author(s):  
S. Darniadi ◽  
D.D. Handoko ◽  
S. Sunarmani ◽  
S. Widowati
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Life Testing ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Durio Zibethinus ◽  
Freeze Dried

Durian is a unique tropical fruit that has a strong smell and distinctive taste. It is a seasonal fruit and has a few days shelf-life. Freeze drying is known for preserving foods while maintaining its original shape and provide excellent rehydrated products. This study aimed to determine the shelf-life of freeze-dried (FD) durian products using the accelerated shelf-life testing (ASLT) method and to assess the flavour changes in fresh and freeze-dried durian products. The parameters used to determine shelf-life were moisture content and L* a* b* colour values of FD durian products for 28 days of storage at 30, 40, and 50oC. Flavour analysis using Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) was carried out on fresh durian pulp, FD durian for 30 hrs, and FD durian for 36 hrs. The estimation of shelf-life of FD durian products at storage temperatures of 25 and 30oC, respectively, were based on the following parameters: (1) moisture content: 41 and 37 days, (2) L*(brightness): 467 and 311 days, (3) a* (redness): 144 and 171 days, and (4) b*(yellowness): 43 and 46 days. A total of twenty-four volatile compounds contributed to the flavour of fresh durian fruit and five of them had concentrations of more than 10 ppm. The losses percentage of these five volatile compounds were in a range of 78-95% (FD durian for 30 hrs) and a range of 0- 100% (FD durian for 36 hrs). Freeze-drying technique on durian was able to extend shelflife and preserve flavour compounds.

scholarly journals Proximate Analysis of Goat Milk Yogurt Powder Produced by Freeze Drying and Vacuum-Oven Drying and in Comparing with Freeze-Dried Yogurt Powder Prepared with Tualang Honey

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1S) ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
Siti Norhannani Ahmat Azemi ◽  
Norshafiqah Zainul ◽  
Asmaliza Abd. Ghani ◽  
John Tang Yew Huat
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Vacuum Oven ◽  
Oven Drying ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Tualang Honey

This study was carried out to produce powdered yogurt from goat milk with longer shelf life.Two methods of drying process of yogurt were used which are vacuum-oven drying (VD) and freezedrying (FD). Goat milk yogurt powder prepared with added Tualang honey (TH) was produced by freeze-drying method. In this study, four formulations of yogurt were prepared with the addition of commercial yogurt containingas starter culture.Granulated sugar was added about 8% into the yogurt as control sample. While other three yogurts were prepared with 8% of Tualang honey, 6% of Tualang honey with 2% of sugar and 4% of Tualang honey with 4% of sugar. The proximateanalysis was used in order to identify the proximate composition and pH value of the yogurt. The moisture content of goat milk yogurt, VD goat yogurt powder and FD goat yogurt powder were 79.20%, 8.22% and 9.66% respectively. While, the moisture content for FD goat yogurt powder with addition of 4%, 6% and 8% Tualang honey were 15.12%,15.92% and 13.53% respectively.While the value of ash content for FD goat milk yogurt powder with addition of 4%, 6% and 8% Tualang honey were 0.37%, 0.35% and 0.50% respectively. The total protein content for goat milk yogurt was 4.61% whilein VD goat yogurt powder and FD goat yogurt powder were 15.04% and 15.07% respectively. The value of protein content for FD goat milk yogurt powder with addition of 8% of Tualang honey was 15.38%. The pH value ofgoat milk sample and fresh yogurt goat milk were 6.52 and 3.82. The pH values for fresh yogurt with addition of 4%, 6% and 8% of Tualang honey were 4.64, 4.68 and 4.73.Vacuum-oven drying method and freeze-drying method did not show any significant different in moisture, ash and protein content but showed significant different in pH value.

scholarly journals Study of vacuum and freeze drying of bee honey

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6 Part B) ◽  
pp. 4241-4251
Author(s):  
Nebojsa Nedic ◽  
Milan Gojak ◽  
Ivan Zlatanovic ◽  
Nedzad Rudonja ◽  
Kristina Lazarevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Activity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Diffusivity Coefficient ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Acacia Honey ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this research is to study the drying kinetics of vacuum-dried and freeze-dried bee honey produced from two different varieties: Sunflower honey (Helianthus Annuus L.) and Acacia honey (Robinia pseudo acacia L.). Vacuum drying treatments were carried out with the honey samples? initial temperatures of +25?C, ?20?C, and ?40?C. Water content, total soluble solids, as well as the water activity of fresh and dried honey samples were determined. Freeze-drying of bee honey with initial sample temperature of ?40?C has resulted in shorter drying time (7-9 hours), moisture content (10%-12%), water activity (0.405-0.427 aW) and effective moisture diffusivity coefficient (8.26?10?7-9.51?10-7 m2/s). The high-performance liquid chromatography method was used when analyzing the impact that drying pre-treatments had on honey quality. The application of pre-treatments has led to an increase in hydroxy-methyl-furfural by 39-71%, and a decrease in diastase activity by 17-36%, all compared to fresh honey samples. The solutions of Verma model proved to be the best fit with the experimental results.

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