scholarly journals Determining Optimal Dose of Chemical Fertilizer on Biofortified Bean in Sud-Kivu Highlands

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Casinga Clérisse ◽  
Haminosi Ghislain ◽  
Cirimwami Legrand
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Negative Interaction ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Plot Design

<p>Rational application of chemical fertilizer increases crop yield of biofortified bean. This study aimed at determining the optimal dose of chemical fertilizer to apply on two biofortified bean varieties used in the community in order to maximize their yield. Following a split-plot design, a field experiment was carried out on CODMLB001 and HM21-7 varieties, in Kashusha (Kabare territory) in Sud-Kivu Highlands, after a strategic application of increasing doses of chemical fertilizer NPK 17-17-17 (D<sub>0</sub>: Control; D<sub>1</sub>: 50 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>; D<sub>2</sub>: 75 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>; D<sub>3</sub>: 100 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>; D<sub>4</sub>: 125 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> and D<sub>5</sub>: 150 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>). The said doses were applied on the sowing day in a parallel gutter at 5cm from the sowing line. The germination rate, the number of days at both the flowering stage and the stage of physiological maturity, as well as the number of harvested crops and beans per plant, number of beans per pod, weight per 1000 grains and yield were observed. Positive and negative interaction between different increasing doses of chemical fertilizers regarding the two varieties were observed. This strategic application allows increased performance according to considered varieties and doses. For instance, the HM21-7 variety gave the best performance with the D<sub>5</sub> dose, while the CODMLB001 variety did better under <em>D<sub>2</sub></em>.</p>

scholarly journals Dry Matter Production and Nitrogen Uptake as Influenced by Irrigation and Nitrogen Levels in Maize

2021 ◽  
pp. 155-161
Author(s):  
B. Soujanya ◽  
B. Balaji Naik ◽  
M. Uma Devi ◽  
T. L. Neelima ◽  
Anima Biswal
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Plot Design

A field experiment was conducted at Agro Climate Research Center, Agricultural Research Institute, P.J.T.S Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India during rabi 2019-20. The field experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. The treatments comprising of three irrigation scheduling based on (Depletion of Available Soil Moisture) at 60% DASM, 40% DASM and 20% DASM as main plots and three nitrogen levels viz., 90, 180 and 240 kg N ha-1 as sub-plots. The experiment was laid out in split plot design. The results indicated that, among the different treatment combinations, the crop irrigation scheduled at 20 % DASM in conjunction with 240 kg N ha-1 accumulated significantly more dry matter of 34.2 g, 149.2 g, 233.7 g and 284.8 g plant-1, at 6th leaf, silking, dough and physiological maturity stages, respectively. The nitrogen uptake was found to be more when the crop was irrigated at 20 % DASM in conjunction with 240 kg N ha-1 (67.1 g, 231.8 g, 294.7 g and 305.3 g plant-1) at 6th leaf, silking, dough and physiological maturity stages, respectively.

scholarly journals Performance of CERES-rice model for prediction of different rice cultivars at Navsari

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-696
Author(s):  
B. M. MOTE ◽  
NEERAJ KUMAR ◽  
D. P. NAWALKAR
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
N Level ◽  
College Farm ◽  
Plot Design

Filed experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2012 at college farm of Navsari Agricultural University, (Gujarat) to investigate the CERES-Rice model validation for three rice cultivars, viz., V1 - Jaya, V2 - Gurjari and V3 - GNR-2 with three different dates of transplanting, viz., D1- 12 July, 2012, D2- 27 July, 2012 and    D3-11 August, 2012 and two nitrogen levels, viz., N1-75 kg/ha and N2-100 kg/ha. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design. The model was subsequently validated against observed data from field experiment. From the response of CERES-Rice model it was found that among the genotypes prediction accuracy for cv. Gurjari at third date of transplanting at 100 kg N level was better in respect to panicle initiation with percent error PE (-4.25%), anthesis  (-3.40%) and beginning of grain filling (1.05%). But for physiological maturity stage, cv. GNR-2 was found better at third date of transplanting at same N level with PE (-0.97%) as comparison to other treatments.  

scholarly journals Human Waste Substitute Strategies Enhanced Crop Yield, Crop Quality, and Soil Fertility in Vegetable Cultivation Soils in North China

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2232
Author(s):  
Bo Liu ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Chunxue Zhang ◽  
Xiaocheng Wei ◽  
Haoyu Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Soil Acidification ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Crop Quality ◽  
Human Waste

Replacing chemical fertilizers with human waste for vegetable planting is a traditional, economical, and environmentally friendly waste resource utilization strategy. However, whether the human waste substitute strategy can improve soil fertility and increase crop yield and quality compared to the simple application of chemical fertilizers is still unclear, especially under acidic and alkaline soil conditions. In this study, we studied the effects of different ratios of human waste (urine and feces) to chemical fertilizer on the crop yield, crop quality, soil fertility, and soil chemical parameters in alkaline Cambisols and acidic Alisols cultivated with water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.). The application variants of human waste and chemical fertilizer were as follows: (i) Control, no fertilization (CK), (ii) human waste application (HW), (iii) chemical fertilizer application (CF), (iv) 1/3 human waste to chemical fertilizer (P1), and (v) 2/3 human waste to chemical fertilizer (P2). Human waste application increased the total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter, NO3−-N, and conductivity in soil, enhanced soil enzyme activity, slowed down soil acidification, and increased the yield, soluble sugar, and vitamin C contents of the water spinach while reducing its nitrate content. Our findings indicate that human waste substitution improved soil fertility while reducing the potential risks of soil acidification, salinization, and human exposure to nitrates. These findings may be applied to increase vegetable production and quality, improve the soil environment, and increase the utilization of human waste as a valuable resource.

scholarly journals The Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer Applications on Yield and Plant Vegetative Growth of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Al Ali ◽  
Cafer Gençoğlan ◽  
Serpil Gençoğlan
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
The Difference

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of organic and chemical fertilizers on yield and plant vegetative growth of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) between 22.05.2018 and 12.09. 2018 under field conditions in Bandırma, Turkey. Treatments were control with no fertilizer (CONT), developed organic fertilizer (DOF), organic fertilizer (OF) chemical fertilizer (CHF), each treatment has 3 replicates with 360 plants. Developed organic fertilizer and OF were applied in (2000) kg.da-1, chemical fertilizer (15%N, 15%P, 15%K, 20%SO3) was applied in 40 kg/da. Yield and plant vegetative growth weight were determined. Organic and chemical fertilizer applications had a significant effect (P<0.05) on yield and plant vegetative growth. The eggplant yield at CONT, DOF, OF, CHF were 3922, 4593, 4375, 4579 kg.da-1 respectively. The plant vegetative growth (Plant organs fresh weight) at CONT, DOF, OF, CHF were 3548, 4018, 3818, 3882 kg.da-1 respectively. The difference between fertilizers (DOF, OF, and CHF) was not significant so that organic fertilizers are competitive and may be a suitable replacement for chemical fertilizer.

scholarly journals Combined application of biochar with fertilizer promotes nitrogen uptake in maize by increasing nitrogen retention in soil

Biochar ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Peng ◽  
Xiaori Han ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Kun Chen ◽  
Jinfeng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Total N ◽  
Residual Rate ◽  
The Third ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Entire Experiment

AbstractCombined application of biochar with fertilizers has been used to increase soil fertility and crop yield. However, the coupling mechanisms through which biochar improves crop yield at field scale and the time span over which biochar affects carbon and nitrogen transformation and crop yield are still little known. In this study, a long-term field trial (2013–2019) was performed in brown soil planting maize. Six treatments were designed: CK—control; NPK—application of chemical fertilizers; C1PK—low biochar without nitrogen fertilizer; C1NPK, C2NPK and C3NPK—biochar at 1.5, 3 and 6 t ha−1, respectively, combined with chemical fertilizers. Results showed that the δ15N value in the topsoil of 0–20 cm layer in the C3NPK treatment reached a peak of 291 ‰ at the third year (2018), and demonstrated a peak of 402 ‰ in the NPK treatment in the initial isotope trial in 2016. Synchronously, SOC was not affected until the third to fourth year after biochar addition, and resulted in a significant increase in total N of 2.4 kg N ha−1 in 2019 in C3NPK treatment. During the entire experiment, the 15N recovery rates of 74–80% were observed highest in the C2NPK and C3NPK treatments, resulting in an annual increase in yields significantly. The lowest subsoil δ15N values ranged from 66‰ to 107‰, and the 15N residual rate would take 70 years for a complete decay to 0.001% in the C3NPK. Our findings suggest that biochar compound fertilizers can increase C stability and N retention in soil and improve N uptake by maize, while the loss of N was minimized. Biochars, therefore, may have an important potential for improving the agroecosystem and ecological balance. Graphic abstract

Fertilizer Use in Vegetable Production in Nigeria

1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. O. Olasantan
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
High Input ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
The Government ◽  
National Trends

Nigeria is an agricultural country, most of the vegetable needs of its people being provided by small farmers who seldom use high-input technology. Over the last 20 years, there has been an encouraging upward trend in inorganic fertilizer consumption, but it is very difficult to estimate how much of this chemical fertilizer is used for vegetable production. There is a need for information which could be used to monitor national trends in fertilizer use on vegetables so that the government can predict future needs and advise manufacturing industry and farmers accordingly. Although increases in the yield and mineral content of vegetables through the use of chemical fertilizers have been recorded, several problems still preclude their use. Possible ways to overcome the problem and benefit vegetable growers are discussed.

scholarly journals Allelopathy and Allelochemicals of Eragrostis plana (Poaceae) and its Relation with Phenology and Nitrogen Fertilization

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. CECCHIN ◽  
A. FAVARETTO ◽  
S.M. SCHEFFER-BASSO ◽  
C.D. BERTOL ◽  
S.O. CHINI
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Phenological Stage ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Allelopathic Activity ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Plot Design

ABSTRACT This study was conducted in order to verify if the phenological stage and the nitrogen fertilization interfere in the allelopathic activity and in the concentration of potentially allelopathic phenolic compounds of tough lovegrass (Eragrostis plana). The assay consisted of a bifactor 3 (0.100 and 200 kg N ha-1) x 2 (harvested in vegetative and reproductive stages), in a split plot design. The N doses constituted the main plot and the phenological stage during the harvest the subplots, resulting in six treatments. The tough lovegrass plants derived from each of the treatments were subjected to allelopathy bioassays, in which aqueous extracts of the aerial parts were applied to lettuce cypselae (Lactuca sativa) and to phytochemicals tests when ethanolic extracts were used, with subsequent partition with ethyl acetate, followed by a high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. There was nitrogen x phenological stage interaction on biological and chemical attributes. The allelopathic extracts were, in descending order of inhibition of germination, those from plants harvested at the vegetative stage and fertilized with 100 kg N and at the flowering stage with 200 kg N, which showed the highest catechin concentrations. The caffeic, ferulic, p-coumaric and vanillic acids were in a higher concentration in flowered and fertilized plants with 0 or 200 kg N. The management of the nitrogen fertilization and the harvesting age influence the allelopathic activity and the phytochemical composition of tough lovegrass.

scholarly journals Application of Chemical Fertilizers in Cocoa-Based (Theobroma cacao) Agroforestry Systems; Impact on Yields and Policy Ramifications: Empirical Evidence from Cameroon

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
Azembouh Roshinus Tsufac ◽  
Nyong Princely Awazi ◽  
Bernard Palmer Kfuban Yerima ◽  
Roger Kogge Enang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Cocoa Farmers ◽  
Cocoa Yield

Soil fertility decline has pushed farmers across the world to resort to chemical fertilizers in order to improve soil fertility and enhance crop yields. In agroforestry systems, the application of chemical fertilizers is a call for concern considering that agroforestry systems are supposedly agro-ecological, environmentally friendly and sustainable systems. It was within this context that this study sought to assess the application of chemical fertilizers in cocoa-based agroforestry systems and its policy ramifications. Data was collected through a household survey of 300 cocoa farmers in Cameroon, and analyzed on SPSS 17.0 employing descriptive and analytical techniques. It was found that the most commonly used chemical fertilizers by cocoa farmers in cocoa-based agroforestry systems were NPK 20:10:10 (60%), NPK 15:20:15 (50%), and Urea (40%). It was also noticed that a majority of the cocoa farmers sampled used no chemical fertilizer (35%), very small quantity (15%), small quantity (20%), and moderate quantity (20%). With respect to frequency of use, most cocoa farmers never used chemical fertilizer (35%), used it rarely (30%), or used it occasionally (15%). However, some cocoa farmers used chemical fertilizers frequently (5%) and very frequently (5%) in their cocoa agroforests. Coefficients of correlation and regression showed the existence of a statistically significant (p<0.05) direct and inverse non-causal and causal relationship between different explanatory variables (income level, availability of chemical fertilizers, access to information, membership in farming group and access to extension services) and cocoa farmers’ use of chemical fertilizers; while farm size and number of farms had a statistically significant inverse relationship. Correlation and regression coefficients showed the existence of a statistically significant (p<0.05) direct non-causal and causal relationship between different levels of cocoa yields (very high cocoa yield, high cocoa yield, average cocoa yield, low cocoa yield, very low cocoa yield, no change in cocoa yields) and the application of chemical fertilizers in cocoa-based agroforestry systems. On the basis of the study’s findings, it is recommended that measures be taken to limit the use of chemical fertilizers in cocoa-based agroforestry systems in order to enhance the sustainability of these systems.

scholarly journals Substitution of Chemical Fertilizer Using Natural Hormone and Cow Biourine On Growth and Yield of Shallot (Allium Cepa L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Lagiman ◽  
Ihvan Mei Nugraha ◽  
Ami Suryawati ◽  
Supono Budi Sutoto
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Natural Hormone ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Banana Stem

The use of natural hormone of sprout extract, coconut water, and banana stem extract and application of cow biourine has been introduced as an innovation to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers to increase the productivity of shallot. This study aims to compare the growth and yield of shallot with chemical fertilizer treatment and that of shallot treated with combination of natural hormone and cow biourine. The study was conducted in Temon Wetan, Temon, Kulon Progo, Special Region of Yogyakarta using a Complete Randomized Block Design, which consists of two factors and one control (chemical fertilizer). The first factor is a natural hormone: sprout extract, banana stem extract and coconut water. The second factor is the concentration of cow biourine: 30%, 40%, and 50%. Data were analyzed using diversity at 5% level, Orthogonal Contras at 5% level and DMRT Test with 5% level. It was revealed that the control group with a combined treatments was not significantly different from the growth and yield of shallot of the group with chemical fertilizers. Types of treatments with natural hormone and cow biourine concentrations provided the same growth and yield as that of chemical fertilizer.

scholarly journals Critical time for weed removal in dicamba tolerant soybean as influenced by pre emergence herbicides

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Darko Jovanović ◽  
Ivan Cuvaca ◽  
Jon Scott ◽  
Stevan Knežević
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Plot Design ◽  
Weed Removal

Field experiment was conducted in 2019 at Haskell Agriculture Laboratory, Concord, NE, USA. Goal of the study was to test the influence of PRE-EM herbicides on the Critical Time for Weed Removal (CTWR) in dicamba-tolerant soybean. The study was arranged in a split-plot design which consisted of four herbicide regimes as main plot treatments and seven weed removal timings as subplot treatments, with four replications. The herbicide regimes included: (1) no PRE and glyphosate, (2) acetochlor and dicamba as PRE and glyphosate as POST, (3) acetochlor and dicamba as PRE and glyphosate and dicamba as POST, and (4) acetochlor and fomesafen as PRE and acetochlor, glyphosate and dicamba as POST. The five weed removal times included the V1, V3, V6, R2 and R5, and there were also weedy and weed-free season long plots. By utilizing herbicide regimes, the CTWR was delayed to 632 GDD (until V4 soybean growth stage, 28 days after emergence) for acetochlor and dicamba as PRE and glyphosate as POST, 861 GDD (until V6 soybean growth stage, 32 days after emergence) for acetochlor and dicamba as PRE and glyphosate and dicamba as POST, and 1060 GDD (until R1 soybean growth stage, 42 days after emergence) for acetochlor and fomesafen as PRE and acetochlor, glyphosate and dicamba as POST.

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