scholarly journals Physiological Parameters of Pigs Raised with and without Environmental Enrichment

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Carlos Syllas Monteiro Luz ◽  
Leonardo Atta Farias ◽  
José Luiz Leonardo Araujo Pimenta ◽  
Joisiane Da Silva Santos ◽  
Richard Átila De Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Pig Farming ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Morning Shift

Ethical and commercial issues are associated with animal welfare in pig farming, in that sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate physiological and blood parameters in addition to weight gain in pigs raised with and without sunlight and environmental enrichment (EE), as well as to correlate physiological and environmental parameters as welfare indicators. Twenty-four pigs distributed in a randomized block design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement were used. Blocks were represented by shifts (morning and afternoon), and factors by the presence or absence of EE and sunlight. Blood and environmental parameters of thermal comfort, in addition to weight gain, were registered. Physiological parameters showed to be shift dependent (p < 0.05), with the afternoon shift being superior when compared to the morning shift, thus indicating climate influence. Weight gain showed significant interactions (p < 0.05) in the presence and absence of sunlight and EE in the stalls. Temperature correlated positively with the physiological parameters. Moisture showed negative correlations with physiological parameters. The packed cell volume was lower (p < 0.05) in the presence of EE. The EE provides physiological well-being and weight gain for pigs in the nursery stage, especially when sunlight was absent in the stalls.

scholarly journals Environmental enrichment improves the performance and behavior of piglets in the nursery phase

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.F. Oliveira ◽  
R.T.R.N. Soares ◽  
J.P. Molino ◽  
R.L. Costa ◽  
T.P. Bonaparte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Wood Shavings ◽  
Pig Farming ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
And Behavior

In modern pig farming, the search for systems that promote environmental quality and welfare is an important issue. In this sense, the present study evaluated the effects of environmental enrichment on the performance and behavior of piglets. In a completely randomized block design, 32 piglets (7.43kg mean weight), weaned at 28 days of age, were distributed into four treatments (control without enrichment, environmental enrichment with wood shavings as bedding; environmental enrichment with hanging toys and environmental enrichment with wood shavings + hanging toys). Four repetitions were performed for each treatment, with two animals per experimental unit. The instant scan sampling technique was used to record the behavior of each piglet for 20h. Animals receiving environmental enrichment with wood shavings + hanging toys were heavier at 70 days (P=0.02), exhibited higher total and daily weight gain (P=0.04 and P=0.02, respectively) and better feed conversion (P=0.02). Environmental enrichment increased the interaction of animals with the environment, allowing them to exhibit natural behaviors.

Diets with chemically treated straw for beef steers: effects of rapidly fermentable carbohydrate on food utilization, growth and bacterial cellulolysis

1986 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. V. Williams ◽  
C. S. Stewart ◽  
A. Macdearmid ◽  
A. Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Weight Gains

ABSTRACTThe effects of level of supplemental carbohydrate from turnips and level of rumen degradable nitrogen on bacterial cellulolysis, food intake, live-weight gain and diet digestibility were examined with 36 300-kg Friesian steers allocated, in a randomized-block design, to one of six dietary treatments: (i) sodium hydroxide treated straw plus a supplement of urea (30 g urea per kg straw dry matter (DM)) (uO); (ii) uOplus turnips (23·5 g DM per kg M0·75); (Hi) uOplus a high level of turnips (47 g DM per kg M0·75); (iv) (v) and (vi), the same three diets, but with additional urea (60 g urea per kg straw DM). In two separate experiments each lasting for 56 days, the turnip allowance was given in either two feeds, or one feed per day and the straw was given to appetite. Rumen fluid was obtained by stomach tube from all steers before feeding (07·30 h) and after feeding (11.00 h) on days 10 and 24 of each experiment.Weight gains for all groups given straw plus turnips were high (> 0·90 kg/day). Increasing the quantity of turnips gave significantly increased DM intakes and weight gains but then turnips substituted for straw, and the proportion of straw consumed decreased from 0·8 to 0·6 of the dietary DM (P< 0·01) There were no significant interactions between frequency of feeding of turnips and level of urea on the variables food intake and weight gain. Fibre digestibility was not depressed by the addition of turnips to the diet. Rumen fluid pH decreased after the steers ate turnips but tended to remain above 6·7. There were no large changes in the total number of viable cellulolytic bacteria as a result of either addition of urea or turnips to the diet; counts remained in the order of 107 per ml. Steers consumed large quantities of sodium hydroxide treated straw; turnips were therefore only a small proportion of the overall DM intake with relatively little effect on bacterial cellulolysis.

Effect of saline water on rumen fermentation and serum profile in Murrah male calves

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeti . ◽  
Neelam Kewalramani ◽  
S. S. Kundu ◽  
Amit Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Monthly Interval ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Twenty growing male Murrah calves, with average body weight (kg) 220±5, were randomly assigned to five treatments of water containing total dissolved solids (TDS; ppm) viz CON=500; T1=2,000; T2=4,000; T3=6,000 and T4=8,000 at National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal India. Animals were arranged in a randomized block design with 120-day experimental period. Feed and water intake were measured daily, rumen fermentation parameters and blood profile were evaluated at monthly interval. Water intake was apparently higher in T1 (17.46 l/day) and T2 (16.77 l/day) as compared to CON (control; 14.07 l/day) but did not differ significantly. However, water intake was lower (P less than 0.05) in T3 (10.40 l/day) and T4 (8.18 l/day) as compared to group T1, T2 and T3CON. Except ammonia nitrogen which was decreased with increasing TDS of water, all other rumen liquor parameters were found similar. In blood parameters, there was significant decrease (P less than 0.05) in plasma glucose, total protein, and albumin while there was significant increase (P less than 0.05), in AST and ALT with increasing TDS of water. Blood Urea Nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid were not affected. On the basis of above results it was inferred that water intake was decreased at higher TDS (above 4000 ppm)

scholarly journals Substitution of the Fermented Cocoa Pod Waste in to the Grass Based Diet on Performance of Bligon Goat

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Engkus Ainul Yakin ◽  
Sri Sukaryani ◽  
Catur Suci Purwati
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Trametes Versicolor ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Experimental Treatments

This experiment was aimed to evaluate the effect of fermented cocoa pod as feed for Bligon goats. Sixteen Bligon goat with a body weight of 11-13 kg were put into individual cages which were equipped with feed and drink containers. The study design used a randomized block design, where initial body weight in as peragam with four treatments and four replications. Fermented cocoa pod used Trametes versicolor. The experimental treatments were T1= 30% of fresh king grass + 50% of dried king grass + 20% of concentrate; T2= 30% of fresh king grass + 30% of dried king grass + 40% of concentrate; T3= 30% of fresh king grass + 30% of cocoa pod + 40% of concentrate; and T4= 30% of fresh king grass + 30% of cocoa pod fermented + 40% of concentrate. Observed variables were feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion. The result showed that fermented cocoa pod at the level of 30% had higher (P<0.05) infeed intake (560.33 g day-1), body weight gain (101.79 g head-1day-1), and feed conversion (5.50) compared to other treatments. The conclusion of this study were the use of 30% cocoa pod fermented in the ration showed the best body weight gain and feed conversion on Bligon goat performance. 

scholarly journals PSIX-34 Effects of corn protein concentrate level in the diets of the weanling piglet on performance, nitrogen balance, visceral organ mass and blood parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 345-346
Author(s):  
Jose Alvear ◽  
Jorge Ron ◽  
Hector Torrealba ◽  
Christian H Ponce
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Visceral Organ ◽  
Organ Mass ◽  
Corn Protein ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of corn protein concentrate (CPC) levels on performance, nitrogen digestibility, blood parameters, and visceral organ mass by newly weaned piglets. Forty piglets (6. 9 kg ± 1.2 kg of live weight) were allotted to 4 dietary treatments in a completely randomized block design. Piglets were fed individually 1 of 4 experimental diets containing different CPC levels (0%, 5%, 10% or 15%) during 44 d. Performance parameters were measured weekly. Total fecal and urine samples were collected on d 33 of the experiment for 4 consecutive days to determine N balance. At the end of the feeding period, blood samples were collected to measure blood parameters, and animals were slaughter to determine visceral organ mass. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block designed using PROC MIXED in SAS. Final BW tended to decrease linearly (P = 0.065) as dietary CPC level increased. Overall, ADG tended to decrease linearly (P = 0.065), and ADFI was significantly reduced (P = 0. 038) as dietary CPC level increased. Nevertheless, FCR was not by dietary treatment (P = 0.1872). There were no differences on nitrogen intake, retention and digestibility across dietary treatments (P &gt; 0. 407). However, there was a tendency to decrease linearly N excretion on urine as CPC increased in the diet. Hematocrit and Serum Urea-N were linearly increased and reduced, respectively as CPC increased in the diet (P &lt; 0. 027). Empty BW at d 44 tended to linearly reduce as CPC increased. Pancreas weight was reduced by inclusion of CPC (linearly; P = 0. 005). In summary, it was demonstrated that, when CPC replaced partially traditional protein sources up to 5% of the diet, performance and N status of the animal are not altered. However, caution should be taken with higher levels of inclusion.

scholarly journals Fish oil replacement by soybean oil in the diet of fat snook juveniles

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 925-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiano Bendhack ◽  
Ana Paula Baldan ◽  
Thiago El Hadi Perez Fabregat
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Fish Oil Replacement ◽  
Lipid Source ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Fat Snook

The objective of this work was to evaluate fish oil replacement by soybean oil in diets, as for the effects on the performance and body composition of juveniles of fat snook (Centropomus parallelus). The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, with three treatments (lipid sources) and six replicates, in a 60-day period. Fat snook juveniles (24.17±0.28g) were distributed in 18 experimental tanks of 200 L each, equipped with aeration and heating systems, under continuous water renovation (800% per day). Three isoproteic (44% CP) and isoenergetic (4,635 kcal CE kg-1) diets were formulated to comprise three replacement rates (0, 50, and 100%) of fish oil by soybean oil. Biometric analyses were done to evaluate fish performance, and two entire specimens from each replicate were used for body composition analyses. The zootechnical indices of weight gain (38.68±5.41 g), feed conversion (1.38±0.10), and specific growth at 1.70±0.18% weight gain per day were considered satisfactory. Lipid source substitution does not affect the performance and body composition of fat snook juveniles, which suggests that soybean oil can replace fish oil in diet formulation.

scholarly journals Behavior, performance and physiological parameters of pigs reared in deep bedding

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana R. Caldara ◽  
Poliana S. G. Rosa ◽  
Rony A. Ferreira ◽  
Nayana M. de O. Reis ◽  
Irenilza de A. Nääs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Concrete Floor ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Wood Shaving ◽  
And Performance

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the behavior, performance and physiological parameters of pigs in different production systems. Twenty four animals in the growth phase were distributed in a randomized block design in three treatments: T1 - concrete floor, T2 - deep bedding with wood shaving, and T3 - deep bedding with coffee husks. The behavioral study was carried out by observing the animal behavior for an uninterrupted period of eight hours throughout seven weeks. The proportions of time spent in each behavior were characterized using the frequency histogram composition. Environmental (IBGTH), physiological (rectal and skin temperature and respiratory rate) and performance (weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion) parameters were measured in animals during the period. The production systems of deep bedding showed higher values of IBGTH. There was no effect of production systems evaluated on the performance parameters. Rectal temperature was higher in animals reared on deep bedding with coffee husks in relation to the concrete floor. The use of deep bedding benefited the behavior of piglets in the growth phase and it reduced the agonistic behavior among individuals.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN WAFER RANSUM KOMPLIT YANG DITAMBAHKAN AMPAS SAGU (Metroxylon Sp) TERHADAP PENAMPILAN PRODUKSI SAPI BALI

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
Triani Adelina ◽  
Dewi Ananda Mucra ◽  
Anwar Efendi Harahap ◽  
Muhammad Syarbini
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Random Group ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Ratio Data ◽  
The Mean

The purpose of this research is to study the performance of Bali cow production fed with field grass and complete wafer of sago pulp. The method used is a randomized block design (RBD) with 4 treatments 0% sago pulp, 10% sago pulp, 20% sago pulp, 30% sago pulp, and 2 replication. Variable researched are the increased consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio. Data is processed according to diversity analysis of the random group obtained by the mean shows no significant importance (P 0,05) to food consumption, body weight gain, and wafer conversion were relatively similar during the study. Based on the research, it can be concluded that the use of complete wafers with basic ingredients 30% sago pulp cannot improve the production performance in terms of consumption feed, growth in body weight, and feed conversion. Consumption of feed is about 4,66 – 4,83 kg/head/day, body growth between 0,00 – 0,455 kg/head/day and the range of conversion is between 0,00 – 24,83.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN TEPUNG DAUN BELIMBING MANIS (Averrhoa carambola L.) SEBAGAI SUBSTITUSI PAKAN KELINCI TERHADAP PERFORMA KELINCI HYLA HYCOLE

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Aldo Ulva Rinanto ◽  
Nita Opi Ari Kustanti ◽  
Anang Widigdyo
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Averrhoa Carambola ◽  
Peanut Skin ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Peanut Shells

Research data collection was carried out from 12 June to 24 July 2019 at Ridho Rabbitry farm, Nglegok sub-district, Blitar district, East Java. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of sweet starfruit leaf flour (Averrhoa carambola L.) as a substitute for peanut skin on body weight gain and feed conversion of rabbit hyla hycole. The research material used 24 hyla hycole rabbits aged 12 weeks were used in this study with rabbit body weights 1900-2550 g/head, which were divided into four treatments and three replications. Experimental design with Randomized Block Design (RBD). The results showed that the average treatment, namely P0, P1, P2 and P3, respectively for feed consumption 127.33; 128.67; 124.67 and 128.33 (grams/head/day), weight gain 69.17; 80.00; 69.17 and 118.33 (grams/head/week), feed conversion 13.47; 11.30; 12.01 and 7.60.The results of this studies shows that the use of sweet starfruit leaf flour (Averrhoa carambola L.) as a substitution of peanut shells to a level of 15% has no significant effect (P> 0.05), but can affect the performance of hyla hycole rabbits including consumption feed, weight gain and feed conversion and do not have a negative impact on rabbits so that sweet starfruit leaf flour (Averrhoa carambola L) can be used as a substitute for peanut shells.

scholarly journals The Productivity of Duck in Different Temperature Cage Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Tertia Delia Nova ◽  
Erman Syahruddin ◽  
Rijal Zein
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Block Design ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
The Difference

This study aims to determine the performance of  ducks on the effect of differences in cage temperature. This study used 54 5-week-old male ducks selected from 66 ducks. The research method used was randomized block design (RBD). The treatment used is the regulation of the temperature of the cage which is divided into three temperature levels, namely: A (cold temperature), B (room temperature), and C (hot temperature). The observed variables were duck performance in the form of feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion. The results of this study indicate that the difference in temperature of the cage became a very significant (P<0.01) on the consumption of rations, weight gain and conversion. The results of the study concluded that the maintenance of ducks at three different cage temperatures had a very significant (P<0.01) on feed consumption and body weight gain, but had no effect on feed conversion. The best results were found in the temperature of the cold cage with the consumption of rations of 2964.33 g/head, which resulted in body weight of 711.83 g/head of g/head, and conversion of 4.2. While the body weight of 1437 percentage of carcass was 67.64% in the study. The highest yield IOFC results (income over feed cost) cage in cold temperatures with a profit of Rp. 3,375.15/head. The maintenance of  ducks at three different cage temperatures had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the weight of the spleen, thyroid and kidney and the work of the spleen, thyroid and kidney organs was still normal

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