scholarly journals Early Maladaptive Schemas and Aggression Based on the Birth Order of Children

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Elmira Fasihi Ardebili ◽  
Fatemeh Golshani
Keyword(s):  
High Schools ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Early Maladaptive Schemas ◽  
Maladaptive Schemas ◽  
Only Child ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ex Post Facto

Early maladaptive schemas are patterns or deep, pervasive and dysfunctionalthemes formed in childhood or adolescence, continue in adulthood and act at the deepest level of the cognition and usually the person is not aware of them. Schema makes people prone to aggression, depression, anxiety, poor interpersonal relationships and mental- physical disorders.The aim of this study is to compare early maladaptive schemas and the birth order of children in the formation of aggression. For this purpose, in an ex post facto research, 320 cases usingconveniencecluster sampling were selected from Tehran government girls' high schools and were tested. After screening,160 only child students were selectedrandomly andwere assigned in the first group and in the second group 160 students of the rest were assigned who have been matched with the first group. One-way analysis of variance results showed that early maladaptive schemas and birth order, birth (one's position in the family) are involved in the creation of aggression. According to the findings, we can say that the early maladaptive schemas and birth order of childrenare important factors in the formation of aggression.

scholarly journals Minat siswa SMP Negeri melanjtukan ke SMK ditinjau dari sosial ekonomi keluarga di Kabupaten Bantul

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rony Windarto
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Junior High School Students ◽  
Junior High Schools ◽  
School Students ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ex Post Facto

Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh minat siswa SMP Negeri dalam melanjutkan sekolah di SMK ditinjau dari sosial ekonomi keluarga di Kabupaten Bantul. Desain penelitian ini adalah ex post facto. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IX SMP Negeri tahun ajaran 2012/2013 di Kabupaten Bantul. Dari populasi di atas diambil 17 SMP sebagai sampel penelitian, sehingga sampel penelitian menjadi 364 orang, yang diambil secara proporsional random sampling. Instrumen untuk pengambilan data menggunakan angket. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu uji person correlation dan regresi ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh antara lingkungan siswa dengan minat sebesar 0,627, kesejahteraan keluarga dengan minat siswa sebesar -0,227, informasi pendidikan dengan minat siswa sebesar -0,181, pemenuhan kebutuhan keluarga dengan minat siswa sebesar -0,156, dan nilai F sebesar 65,037 dengan nilai sig 0,000 dengan persamaan regresi Y = 44,623 + 0,533X1 - 0,113X2 - 0,122X3 – 0,089X4, Sumbangan variabel bebas mempunyai pengaruh 42% terhadap minat siswa SMP Negeri dalam melanjutkan sekolah di SMK. CONTINUING PUBLIC INTEREST TO STUDENTS VOCATIONAL VIEWED FROM THE SOCIO ECONOMIC FAMILY IN THE DISTRICT BANTULAbstractThe aim of this study is to find out the effects between public junior high school students’ interests in continuing their studies in vocational high schools and their families’ socio-economic in Bantul Regency.This study employed the ex post facto design. The research population comprised 7718 Grade IX students of 48 public junior high schools in the academic year of 2012/2013 in Bantul Regency. From the population, 17 junior high schools were selected as the sample, consisting of 364 students, selected by means of the proportional random sampling technique. The data were collected through a questionnaire. The data analysis techniques, namely the Pearson’s product moment correlation and multiple regression. The results of the study show that the correlation coefficient between the students environments and their interests is 0.627, the family welfare and their interests is -0.227, the educational information and their interests is -0.181, and the family need fulfilment and their interests is -0.156, and an F value of 65.037 at a significance value of 0.000 with the regression equation Y = 44.623 + 0.533X1 – 0.113X2 – 0.122X3 – 0.089X4. The independent variables have a contribution of 42% to public junior high school students’ interests in continuing their studies in vocational high.

scholarly journals Early Maladaptive Schemas, Sexual Self-esteem, and Anxiety in Women with Orgasmic Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirin Mohammadi ◽  
Ahmad Borjali ◽  
Firoozeh Raisi ◽  
Navid Yousefi
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Early Maladaptive Schemas ◽  
Maladaptive Schemas ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Female Orgasmic Disorder ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Orgasmic Disorder

Background: Individual factors that can lead to psychological disorders, including early maladaptive schemas, sexual self-esteem, and anxiety, and their impact on the female orgasmic disorder (FOD), has not yet been thoroughly examined. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare these factors in women with FOD to those without the condition. Methods: This descriptive research was causal-comparative or ex post facto study, and the statistical population was two groups of married women aged 18 to 40 years. Out of 152 women who participated, 66 cases had FOD, and 86 cases had no FOD according to the cut-off scores of the Female Sexual Function Index questionnaire and based on the DSM5 criteria. The Young Early Maladaptive Schema questionnaire (YEMSQ) (1995), Zeanah and Schwarz’s Sexual Self-esteem Inventory for Women (SSEI-W) (1996), and the Beck Anxiety inventory (BAI) (1988) were filled out by all the participants. An independent t-test at a significance level of P < 0.05 was applied to analyze the data using SPSS 24. Results: The results indicated that the mean scores of women with FOD were significantly higher in all schema areas than the mean scores of women without FOD (P < 0.001), and the mean scores of women without FOD were significantly higher on the sexual self-esteem scale and all its sub-scales than those with FOD (P < 0.001). Also, the mean anxiety scores of women with FOD were significantly higher than the mean scores of women without FOD (P < 0.001). Conclusions: These results support the differences in individual psychological factors among women with FOD and those without and can be used for education, prevention, evaluation, and treatment of orgasmic disorders.

Early Maladaptive Schemas as Predictors of Interpersonal Orientation and Peer Connectedness in University Students

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1377-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyesook Yoo ◽  
Ju Hee Park ◽  
Hey Jung Jun
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Early Maladaptive Schemas ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Maladaptive Schemas ◽  
Interpersonal Orientation

In this study we examined whether or not early maladaptive schemas regarding disconnection and rejection influenced peer connectedness of university students in emerging adulthood. We also investigated the mediating role of interpersonal orientation on these relationships. The participants were 304 students at universities in Korea, aged between 18 and 25 years. Results of structural equation modeling demonstrated that the defectiveness/shame schema had an indirect, negative effect on peer connectedness via interpersonal orientation, and the abandonment/instability schema had an indirect, positive influence on peer connectedness. The social isolation/alienation schema negatively and directly affected peer connectedness. Our findings suggest that when a sense of disconnection and rejection develops during childhood and adolescence, individuals show a relatively stable tendency to either avoid or overvalue interpersonal relationships. This may lead to difficulties in establishing peer relationships in emerging adulthood.

The Adult Who is an Only Child: Achieving Separation or Individuation

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Byrd ◽  
Arnold P. DeRosa ◽  
Stephen S. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Birth Order ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Family Interaction ◽  
Data Sheet ◽  
California Psychological Inventory ◽  
Only Child ◽  
Family Adaptability ◽  
The Family ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Psychological Inventory

60 women and 60 men between the ages of 18 and 45 years ( M = 30.5, SD = 9.6) were categorized by sex, age, and birth order (only child, firstborn, last-born) to assess the differences among the adult only-child, the youngest child, and the oldest child in autonomous characteristics and cohesiveness in family interaction. Analysis of the responses on a biographical data sheet, the California Psychological Inventory, and the Family Adaptability Cohesion Scales III showed that main effects for birth order and sex are significant in the process of separation-individuation and that the only child is less autonomous than the oldest child.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PRESTASI BELAJAR MAHASISWA LULUSAN SEKOLAH MENENGAH UMUM DAN SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-44
Author(s):  
Sirajuddin Saleh ◽  
Jufari Jufari ◽  
Muh. Nasrullah
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Student Achievement ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Senior High School ◽  
T Test ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Probability Sampling ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto

Abstrak: Analisis Prestasi Belajar Mahasiswa Lulusan Sekolah Menengah Umum dan Sekolah Menengan Kejuruan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan prestasi belajar mahasiswa lulusan Sekolah Menengah Umum dan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan dan untuk menganalisis faktor yang mendukung dan menghambat prestasi belajar mahasiswa.. Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa pada program studi Pendidikan Administrasi Perkantoran Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Universitas Negeri Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif,  jenis ex post facto dengan eksplanasi komparatif. Populasi pada penelitian ini sebanyak 335 mahasiswa. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 167 mahasiswa yang diambil menggunakan metode probability sampling.  Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji F, anava, dan t-Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1) Prestasi belajar mahasiswa lulusan Sekolah Menengah Umum rata-rata 3,72 dan  lulusan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan rata-rata 3,77; 2) Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan prestasi belajar antara mahasiswa lulusan Sekolah Menengah Umum dan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan; 3) Faktor-faktor pendukung prestasi belajar meliputi: motivasi belajar, inteligensi, konsentrasi, tujuan yang ingin dicapai, rajin kuliah dan mengerjakan tugas, keaktifan dalam perkuliahan, manajemen waktu yang baik, suasana belajar yang kondusif, dan hubungan mahasiswa dengan dosen. Faktor penghambat: malas, jarak tempat tinggal yang jauh, persepsi mahasiswa salah jurusan, jadwal  kuliah sore, dan metode pembelajaran yang monoton. Kata kunci: prestasi belajar; indeks prestasi komulatif; hasil belajar; sekolah menengah umum; sekolah  menengah kejuruan.  Abstract: Analysis of Student Achievement of Graduates of Senior High School and Vocational High School. The research aims to analyze the differences in the learning achievement of students who graduate from Senior High School and Vocational High School and to analyze the factors that support and hinder student achievement. The research subjects are students in the Office Administration Education study program, Faculty of Social Sciences, Makassar State University. This research uses a quantitative approach, ex post facto type with comparative explanation. The population in this study were 335 students. The research sample was 167 students who were taken using probability sampling method. Collecting data using observation, interview, and documentation techniques. Hypothesis testing uses the F test, ANOVA, and t-Test. The results showed: 1) The learning achievement of students graduating from Senior High School was 3.72 on average and Vocational High School graduates had an average of 3.77; 2) There is no significant difference in learning achievement between students who graduated from Senior High School and Vocational High School; 3) Supporting factors for learning achievement include: learning motivation, intelligence, concentration, goals to be achieved, diligent in studying and doing assignments, activeness in lectures, good time management, a conducive learning atmosphere, and student relations with lecturers. Inhibiting factors: laziness, distance to live far away, student perceptions of misdirection, afternoon class schedules, and monotonous learning methods. Keywords: learning achievement; grade point average; learning outcomes; senior high schools; vocational high schools.

scholarly journals PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN KELUARGA, EFIKASI DIRI DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR EKONOMI TERHADAP PERILAKU ANTI KORUPSI

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Eko Siam Muwardi ◽  
Ali Muhson
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
The Self ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Environment Variable ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lingkungan keluarga terhadap efikasi diri, pengaruh lingkungan keluarga terhadap prestasi belajar ekonomi, pengaruh efikasi diri terhadap prestasi belajar ekonomi, pengaruh efikasi diri terhadap perilaku anti korupsi, pengaruh prestasi belajar ekonomi terhadap perilaku anti korupsi dan  pengaruh lingkungan keluarga terhadap perilaku anti korupsi pada siswa SMAN 1 Karanganyar Kabupaten Kebumen. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian ex-post facto dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif teknik analisis jalur (path analisis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa; Lingkungan keluarga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap efikasi diri. Lingkungan keluarga tidak berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap prestasi belajar ekonomi. Efikasi diri tidak berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap prestasi belajar ekonomi. Efikasi diri berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap perilaku anti korupsi. Prestasi belajar ekonomi tidak berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap perilaku anti korupsi. Lingkungan keluarga tidak berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap perilaku anti korupsi.Abstract: This study aims to find out: the effect of the family environment on the self-efficacy, the effect of the family environment on the economics learning achievement, the effect of the self-efficacy on the economics learning achievement, the effect of the self-efficacy on the anti-corruption behaviour, the effect of the economics learning achievement on the anti-corruption behaviour, and the effect of the family environment on the anti-corruption behaviour among students of SMAN 1 Karanganyar, Kebumen Regency. This research was an ex post facto study using the quantitative approach. The data were collected using questionnaires and documentation and were analyzed using the path analysis technique. The results of the study are as follows. The family environment variable has a significant positive effect on the self-efficacy and on the economics learning achievement. The self-efficacy variable does not have an effect on the economics learning achievement. The self-efficacy variable has a significant positive effect on the anti-corruption behavior. The economics learning achievement does not have an effect on the anti-corruption behavior. The family environment variable has a significant positive effect on the anti-corruption behavior.

scholarly journals Kesiapan berwirausaha siswa SMK kompetensi teknik komputer dan jaringan di Gunungkidul

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Supraba ◽  
Dwi Rahdiyanta
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
Computer Engineering ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Research Population ◽  
Practicum Experience ◽  
Entrepreneurial Readiness ◽  
Ex Post Facto Study

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkapkan pengaruh pengetahuan kewirausahaan, pengalaman praktik kerja industri, dan lingkungan keluarga terhadap kesiapan berwirausaha siswa.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian ex-post facto. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa SMK Kompetensi Keahlian Teknik Komputer dan Jaringan di Kabupaten Gunungkidul, yang berjumlah 221 siswa. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 135 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil sebagai berikut: 1) terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara pengetahuan kewirausahaan dengan kesiapan berwirausaha (rx1y = 0,53; p < 0,05); 2) terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara pengalaman praktik kerja industri dengan kesiapan berwirausaha (rx2y = 0,77; p < 0,05); 3) terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara lingkungan keluarga dengan kesiapan berwirausaha (rx3y = 0,37); 4) terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara pengetahuan kewirausahaan, pengalaman praktik kerja industri, dan lingkungan keluarga dengan kesiapan berwirausaha (rx1,rx2rx3y = 0,56). Dari hasil ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengetahuan kewirausahaan, pengalaman paktik kerja industri, dan lingkungan keluarga secara bersama-sama mampu memberikan pengaruh sebesar 56% terhadap kesiapan berwirausaha. ENTREPRENEURSHIP READINESS OF STUDENTS VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL MAJORING IN NETWORK AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING SKILLS PROGRAM IN GUNUNGKIDUL REGENCYAbstractThis study aims to reveal the effects of entrepreneurship knowledge, industrial job practicum experience, and family environment on the entrepreneurial readiness students. This was an ex post facto study. The research population comprised students of Computer an Network Engineering Expertise Competence in VHSs in Gunungkidul Regency with a total of 221 students. The research sample, consisting of 135 respondents. Base on the research results show. 1) There is a positive and significant effect of the entrepreneurship knowledge on the entrepreneurial readiness (rx1y = 0.53; p < 0.05). 2) There is positive and significant effect of th industrial job practicum experience on the entrepreneurial readiness (rx2y = 0.77; p < 0.05). 3) There is positive and significant effect of the family environment on the entrepreneurial readiness (rx3y = 0.37; p < 0.03). 4) There are positive and significant effect of the entrepreneurship knowledge, industrial job practicum experience, and family environment on the entrepreneurial readiness ( rx1,rx2,rx3y = 0.56). Base on the result entrepreneurship knowledge, industrial job practicum experience, and family environmentas an aggregate have effects of 56% on the entrepreneurial readiness.

scholarly journals The experiences in the family of origin and the early maladaptive schemas as predictors of marital violence in men and women

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-293
Author(s):  
Kelly Cardoso Paim ◽  
Denise Falcke
Keyword(s):  
Family Of Origin ◽  
Marital Violence ◽  
Early Maladaptive Schemas ◽  
Maladaptive Schemas ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Conflict Tactics Scale ◽  
Young Schema Questionnaire ◽  
The Family ◽  
Conflict Tactics ◽  
Schema Questionnaire

A violência conjugal é uma problemática mundial que abrange diferentes classes econômicas, raças e etnias. Partindo-se do pressuposto de que a dinâmica conjugal violenta é um fenômeno complexo e interacional, o presente estudo se propõe a identificar variáveis preditoras do fenômeno, utilizando a perspectiva da Teoria dos Esquemas de Jeffrey Young. Sendo assim, foi investigado o poder das experiências na família de origem e dos Esquemas Iniciais Desadaptativos como preditores da violência física cometida e sofrida na relação conjugal conforme o sexo. A amostra foi constituída por 181 homens e 181 mulheres e os instrumentos utilizados para a coleta de dados foram: Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-S3), e Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2). A análise dos resultados foi realizada através de análise de regressão múltipla com método stepwise. Os resultados indicaram que o esquema de defectividade/vergonha das mulheres e dos homens e o esquema de desconfiança/abuso dos homens são variáveis preditoras da violência física cometida contra o cônjuge. O maior ajustamento materno foi considerado a variável protetiva de comportamentos violentos cometidos pelas mulheres. Em relação à vitimização da violência, os esquemas de desconfiança/abuso das mulheres e dos homens, assim como o esquema de defectividade/vergonha dos homens foram identificados como preditores de violência física sofrida nos relacionamentos íntimos. A maior funcionalidade do estilo de decisão materno foi identificada como protetor de vitimização de violência para as mulheres. Os achados ampliam a discussão sobre as variáveis que podem explicar o fenômeno da violência conjugal, consolidando a importância da avaliação dos Esquemas Iniciais Desadaptativos em situação de violência conjugal.

scholarly journals Efectividad de un programa educativo en Educación Física para fomentar las habilidades socioafectivas y prevenir la violencia en educación primaria (Effectiveness of educational program in physical education to promote socio-affective skills and prevent

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 492-501
Author(s):  
Maria Dolores Aguilar Herrero ◽  
Cristina Mª García Fernández ◽  
Carmen Gil del Pino
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Emotional Skills ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Educación Primaria ◽  
Affective Skills

  Los programas basados en la mejora de las relaciones interpersonales y el ajuste emocional y social de los escolares han demostrado ser efectivos en la prevención de problemas de naturaleza social como el bullying. Sin embargo, el número de programas para promover las competencias socioemocionales es escaso. La Educación Física constituye una materia clave para el desarrollo de las mismas. Este artículo diseña, examina y evalúa una intervención para promoverlas entre los escolares de Educación Primaria. Para ello, se ha diseñado un estudio longitudinal, ex post facto, pre-post con un grupo experimental. Participaron 75 escolares con edades comprendidas entre 10 y 12 años (M =10.81; DT = 0.33). La intervención incluyó elementos comunicativos, expresivos, creativos y estéticos para promover competencias emocionales y sociales, desde el módulo de Expresión Corporal durante las clases de Educación Física. Los resultados mostraron que la práctica de las habilidades socioafectivas mejora las relaciones personales. Las conclusiones subrayan la necesidad de promover programas que desarrollen la competencia social del alumnado. Abstract. Programs based on improvement interpersonal relationships and emotional and social adjustment of schoolchildren have been identified as effective strategies in prevention and intervention strategies against social nature problems such as bullying. However, the number of programs to promote these skills is low. Physical Education is a key subject for development of socio-emotional skills in students. This article designs, examines and evaluates an intervention to promote social and emotional skills among primary school children. For this, a longitudinal study, ex post facto, pre-post with the experimental group has been designed. 75 schoolchildren aged between 10 and 12 participated (M = 10.81; SD = 0.33). The intervention included communicative, expressive, creative and aesthetic elements to promote emotional and social competencies, from the Body Expression module during Physical Education classes. The results showed that the practice of socio-affective skills improves personal relationships. The conclusions highlight the need to promote programs that develop students' social competence.

scholarly journals Social and Economic Conditions on Children's Education Level Fisherman Family in Nangadhero Village, Aesesa District Nagekeo District

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-88
Author(s):  
Ledidiana Serang ◽  
Taufik Arifin ◽  
Murdjoli Rodja
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ex Post Facto

Social and economic conditions of parents in the family which will affect the education received by children, seen from the level of parental education, parents' age, income, expenses and even environmental factors can also affect the level of education of a child. The research aims to find out how much influence social and economic conditions have on the level of education of children of fishermen families in Nangadhero village, Aesesa District, Nagekeo Regency, using the Ex-post facto method. The sample was 83 family heads from a total population of 105 families who work as fishermen. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and documentation, the results of research (1) There is a significant influence between social conditions on the level of education of fishermen children, with a tcount of 2.113> 1.667, and significant = 0.038 <0.05. (2) There is no significant influence between economic conditions on the education level of fishermen children, with a significant value> 0.05. (3) There is an influence of 10.2% between social conditions and economic conditions simultaneously on the educational level of children of fishermen families in Nangadhero village, Aesesa District, Nagekeo Regency.

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