scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Energy and GHG Emissions Using Fixed and Variable Fertilization Rates

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Marius Kazlauskas ◽  
Indrė Bručienė ◽  
Algirdas Jasinskas ◽  
Egidijus Šarauskis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Variable Rate ◽  
Consumption Energy ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

Reducing the overuse of mineral fertilizers in crop production is a key factor related to healthier soil, healthier food, and more economical, efficient, and cleaner agricultural production. The aim of this study was to investigate and to compare the effects of fixed and variable rate fertilization with fertilizer consumption, energy consumption, and environmental impact. A 4-year experimental field study using crop rotation of four plants (spring barley, winter oilseed rape, winter wheat, and faba bean) was performed. Fertilization with phosphorus and potassium at a variable rate were performed and applied based on the soil properties analyzed before the start of the research and completion of the fertilization maps. Nitrogen fertilization was performed by additional fertilization using a proximal N-sensor, which gives the accurate nitrogen uptake in plants in real-time. This was followed by a comparative evaluation analysis of variables and conventional fixed-rate fertilization methods to assess fertilizer consumption, energy consumption, environmental impact, and economic efficiency. The results of the study showed that an application of a variable fertilization rate can reduce the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers by 24.9%, energy consumption by 3463.1 kg ha−1, and emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) by 341.5 kg CO2eq ha−1 compared to fixed fertilization rate. The method of fertilization with a variable application rate reduced the costs of fertilization, and at the same time, the costs of the total plant production by €168.0 ha−1, on average.

scholarly journals Environmental impact of fertilizer use and slow release of mineral nutrients as a response to this challenge

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Lubkowski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Mineral Components

Abstract This paper presents the most important issues relating to the influence of mineral fertilizers on both the natural environment and human and animal health. The physiological, environmental and economic impact of fertilizer production and application, resulted from a low assimilation of mineral components by crops, has been described. The research on the development and production of a large and diverse group of materials with slow-release properties that can increase the effectiveness of nutrient uptake, alleviate the negative influence of fertilizers on the environment and reduce labor and energy consumption associated with the use of conventional fertilizers, has been reviewed.

THE ROLE OF BIOLOGICAL PROGRESS IN THE INCREASE OF THE YIELD OF SPRING CEREALS IN VARIETAL TESTING IN POLAND

2018 ◽  
Vol XX (2) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Ludwik Wicki
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
World Population ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Spring Triticale ◽  
Effective Dissemination ◽  
Spring Cereals ◽  
The Impact

The growing world population and the increase in the wealth of societies are the reason for the growing demand for food. An important issue is to obtain production growth without excessive increase of use of production inputs. It is possible thanks to biological progress, whose share in creating the growth of plant production in the world is estimated at 40%. The aim of the work is to determine the impact of biological progress on the increase in the yield level of spring cereals in Poland. The analysis was based on the results of post-registration varietal testing for the years 2006-2017. It was found that the yield of varieties of spring cereals increased in the analyzed period by an average of over 15 dt/ha. The share of biological progress in the observed increase ranged from 15% for spring triticale to 38% for spring barley. On average, it was 28% at a lower production intensity level and 23% at a higher intensity level. The importance of biological progress in the increase of yields of spring cereal varieties in Poland is high, and the effective dissemination of new varieties may allow for obtaining more crop production without increasing inputs, if the level of utilization of the varieties’ potential will be higher in agriculture production.

scholarly journals Research results of agrotechnical indicators of universal seed-fertilizer stubble drill SZS-4U

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 07018
Author(s):  
S. I. Kambulov ◽  
I. V. Bozhko ◽  
A. A. Boyko ◽  
D. S. Podlesniy ◽  
L. A. Vodianitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Optimum Depth ◽  
Agricultural Machines

As known, seed drills are the most complex agricultural machines in terms of the performed technological process since they include a number of sequentially or concurrent operations. The modern crop farming technologies shall include practices that improve soil fertility through the application of organic and mineral fertilizers. Sustainable crop production is carried out with environmentally friendly and economically competitive farming methods. The object of this paper is to determine the main agrotechnical parameters of universal seed-fertilizer stubble drill SZS-4U. The research methodology has involved determination of the main agrotechnical parameters of the seeder. Based on the research results it was found that the uneven seeding of winter and spring wheat at two speed modes was 2,98% and 3,04%, for spring barley is was 2,70% and 3,00%, mineral fertilizers – 7,57% and 7,69%. With the optimum depth of the openers, the actual depth of seeds placement of spring wheat was 56,5 and 48,9 mm, winter wheat – 44,5 and 43,9 mm, spring barley – 48,0 and 44,3 mm, these data meets a given depth of seeding. After SZS-4U has passed there’s been retained 68,12 – 72,38 percent (%) of stubble on unprepared or minimally prepared grounds, and these values meet agrotechnical requirements which stipulate at least 65 ± 10%. Thus, we can conclude that the universal seed-fertilizer stubble drill SZS-4U meets all agrotechnical requirements and stipulated indicators in terms of sowing winter wheat, spring barley, and spring wheat with simultaneous fertilization.

scholarly journals METHODS OF APPLYING FERTILIZERS IN PRECISION AGRICULTURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
G. I. Lichman ◽  
S. A. Belykh ◽  
A. N. Marchenko
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Average Field ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Variable Rate ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Variable Rate Application ◽  
Field Indicators

It is impossible to achieve the planned yields, product quality, and economic efficiency in agricultural production using only organic fertilizers. joint application of organic and solid mineral fertilizers solves the problem of replenishing the soil content of nitrogen, phosphorus and other elements used by plants. The authors have carried out the research of new methods of variable-rate application of mineral fertilizers in plant growing, allowing to increase the profitability of agricultural production. (Research purpose) is to develop new methods of variable-rate application of mineral fertilizers in crop production, which will allow increasing the profitability of crop production as compared with the conventional methods of applying fertilizers basing on average field indicators.  (Materials and methods) The authors have developed a calculation technique implemented in the VBA Excel computer program for determining the main indicators: gross output, fertilizer saving, profit, etc. The main variable to change in the calculations is the planned yield based on average field parameters. At the end of the calculation process, the values of the best result for gross harvest output and profit are displayed on the screen. The research objects for the calculation were represented by elementary areas of crop areas of three farms – “Prodresurs”, Agropoligon VIUA, and “Murminskoye” with different soil types: chernozem, loamy, and sandy-loam.  (Results and discussion) The method of proportional variable-rate application of fertilizers on three types of soils gives a stable increase in profit as compared with the application of fertilizers basing on the average field indicators. (Conclusions) Calculations  have shown that under the specified conditions and at the equal yield of 30 c/ha the application of organomineral fertilizers is the most effective, profitability has accounted for 40 percents – on mesopodzol sandy-loam soils; 8.7 percents – on sod-podzolic soils; and 1.3 percents – on black soils. The method of proportional variable-rate application of mineral fertilizers accompanied with variable-rate application of organic fertilizers makes it possible to reduce the amount of mineral fertilizers applied by half.

scholarly journals The productivity and spring barley grain quality depending on mineral fertilizer systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00049
Author(s):  
N. V. Sanina
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Active Substances

The research purpose is to study the effect of systematic application of various doses of mineral fertilizers on productivity, grain quality, value of spring barley productivity elements, determine an optimal doses of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the arid conditions of the Middle Volga region. Improving nutrition with the use of fertilizers contributed to an increase in productivity values. The average yield was 0.18–0.76 t/ha. The use of maximum doses of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium did not increase productivity in arid conditions. Nitrogen plays a leading role in increasing barley productivity. The agronomic effectiveness of fertilizers depended on the doses of active substances. An increase was 2.1–5.8 kg of barley grain per 1 kg of active substances. The most stable increase was observed when applying N60Р0-60К0-30. Rational doses are as follows: nitrogen 60–90 kg a.e./ha when applying P60K30, phosphorus 30–60 kg a.e./ha when applying N60K30, potassium 30 kg a.e./ha when applying N60Р60. The best option is N60Р0-60К0-30.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF THE MODIFIED FERTILIZER AND MICROBIOLOGICAL PREPARATION ON SPRING BARLEY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE OF THE VOLGA REGION

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Galina Saydyasheva ◽  
Kseniya Zayceva
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Biological Preparation ◽  
Ulyanovsk Region ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Studies to determine the effect of mineral, biomineral fertilizers and biological products on the content of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) during the growing season in spring barley plants were carried out in 2015-2017 on leached heavy loam chernozem of Ulyanovsk region. The soil of the experimental site contained: humus 6.43...6.62 % (according to Tyurin), total nitrogen-0.26 % (according to Kjeldahl), mobile phosphorus and potassium-214 ... 228 and 101...117 mg/kg of soil, respectively (according to Chirikov), pHKCl – 6.3...6.8 (GOST 26483-85), hydrolytic acidity – 1.20...1.29 mmol/100 g of soil (according to Kappen). The scheme of the experiment included the following options: without fertilizers (control); Bisolbiphite (seed inoculation); N15P15K15 (regular azofoska); N15P15K15m (azofoska modified with BisolbiPhite); N7,5P7,5K7,5m (azofoska modified with BisolbiPhite in a half dose). We used a complex mineral fertilizer-azofoska in a dose of 15 kg d. v. per 1 ha of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and a microbiological preparation BisolbiFit, which serves as a modifier of seeds and mineral fertilizers. The drug is based on a strain of bacteria of the rhizosphere Bacillus subtilis H-13, isolated from chernozem soil. Inoculation of spring barley seeds with a biological preparation was carried out 1...2 days before sowing (400...600 g/t of seeds), mineral fertilizer was treated on the day of its application to the soil (4 kg/t of fertilizers). As the studied crop, the variety of spring barley Nutans 553, zoned in Ulyanovsk region, was sown on experimental plots. Mineral fertilizers and biological preparation had a positive effect on the nutrient content of spring barley plants. Under the influence of the studied fertilizer, the nitrogen content in the green mass of barley increased by 0.09...0.30%, phosphorus − by 0.09...0.18%, potassium-by 0.25...1.10 %, in relation to the variant where mineral fertilizer and microbiological preparation were not used. As a result of the correlation analysis, a positive relationship was established between the yield of barley and the content of nutrients in plants during the tillering, tubing and flowering phases: with nitrogen (r = 0.78; 0.83; 0.75), phosphorus (r = 0.80; 0.42; 0.71) and potassium (r = 0.66; 0.59; 0.91). As a result of this research work, it was found that the use of the studied fertilizers and the biological product BisolbiFit positively affected the content of the main nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) in spring barley plants in all phases of its development.

TRANSFORMATION FEATURES OF THE DRAINED PEAT-PODZOL GLEY SOILS UNDER LONG-TERM AGRICULTURAL USE

1970 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
V. А. Shevchenko ◽  
A. V. Nefedov ◽  
A. V. Ilinskiy ◽  
А. Е. Morozov
Keyword(s):  
Humus Horizon ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Peat Layer ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mineralization Processes ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Plough Layer

Long-term observations of the drained soil of peat-podzolic-gley light loam on ancient alluvial sands state on the example of the meliorative object "Tinky-2" showed that under the influence of agricultural use in the soil, the organic matter mineralization processes are accelerated. During the drainage process, the soil evolutionarily suffered the following changes: the peat layer was compacted, humified and mineralized, which was a reason of the transformation them into the humus horizon. Based on the monitoring studies results it was established that during 21 intensive use years the peat layer thickness was decreased by 74.5% and amounted to 5.51 inch, which in the following 20 years was decreased to a layer of 1.18 inch, and for another 14 years it became a homogeneous humus horizon containing difficulty identifiable plant remains. For half a century, the bulk density increased by 6 times and the total moisture capacity of the soil decreased by 3.6 times. Other indicators were changed significantly. So, the ash content by 2016 increased from 11.2% to 52.7%. It was a reason of the plough-layer decreasing and it mixes with the mineral sand horizon during plowing. It should also be noted that the total nitrogen content in the soil decreased by 1.13%, and total carbon by 15.3% from 1982 to 2016. The dynamics of changes in the soil acidity, phosphorus and potassium content is associated with the introduction of calcareous, organic and mineral fertilizers in the 1980s. The unsystematic exploitation of such soils leads to decrease in the agricultural products productivity and increase in energy costs. When planning these soils usage in agricultural production, it is necessary to develop and implement modern melioration technologies and techniques aimed to increase soil fertility.

CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY ELEMENTS INFLUENCE ON NEW SPRING BARLEY BREWING VARIETIES YIELDS

1970 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
O. A. Artyukhova ◽  
O. V. Gladysheva ◽  
V. A. Svirina
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mass Growth ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Cultivation Technology

The effect of applying various norms of mineral fertilizers on the biological indicators of crop plants during their growth and development in the Central non-black earth region in 2017-2019 was studied on the varieties of spring barley Vladimir, Reliable and Yaromir.such indicators as plant height, photosynthetic apparatus area, green mass growth, and elements of the yield structure were Studied. It was revealed that on average during the growing season, when the norms of mineral fertilizers were increased, the area of leaf plates increased and, as a result, the increase in green mass growth relative to the control variants increased by 56.3 % at (NРК)30, 82.3 % at (NРК)60, and 126.7 % at (NРК)90. The introduction of mineral fertilizers also influenced the formation of the crop structure. There was an increase in the tillering coefficient of varieties by 15.7%, 5.7 % and 21.3 % (Vladimir, Reliable and Yaromir, respectively) relative to the control, an increase in the number of grains in the ear from 15.1 to 22.4 PCs., the weight of 1000 grains from 48.0 to 55.7 g. and the weight of grain per ear from 0.7 to 1.2 g. There was a strong correlation between the doses of mineral fertilizers and the grain yield from + 0.80 to +1.0, and the variability was calculated.      

Productivity and quality of soybean seeds with different fertilization on podzolized chernozem

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (97) ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
H.M. Hospodarenko ◽  
◽  
I.V. Prokopchuk ◽  
K. P. Leonova ◽  
V.P. Boyko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Different Doses

The productivity of agricultural crops is the most variable and integral indicator of their vital activity, which accumulates their genetic potential, soil fertility, weather conditions and components of agricultural technology. Soybean under optimal growing conditions (the reaction of the soil is close to neutral, sufficient phosphorus and potassium nutrition, the use of nitraginization) assimilates from the air about 70 % of the total nitrogen requirement. Therefore, it is believed that it is enough to apply only a starting dose of nitrogen fertilizers (20–40 kg/ha a. s.), to get a high yield with good indicators of grain quality. The results of studies of the influence of long-term (8 years) application of different doses and ratios of fertilizers in field crop rotation on podzolized chernozem in the conditions of the Right -Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on the yield and quality of soybean seeds preceded by spring barley were presented. It was found that crop yields could be increased by 18–77 % owing to different doses, ratios and types of fertilizers. The highest indicators of seed yields for three years of the research (3,02 t/ha) were obtained under the application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N110P60K80 per 1 ha of crop rotation area, including under soybean – N60P60K60. Exclusion of the nitrogen component from the complete fertilizer (N60P60K60) reduced its yield by 26 %, phosphorus – by 17, and potassium by 11 %. There was no significant decrease in soybean yield in the variant of the experiment with a decrease in the proportion of potassium in the composition of complete mineral fertilizer (N60P60K30) for three years of study. The largest mass of 1000 soybean seeds was formed at doses of N60К60 fertilizers, and their protein content — under the application of complete mineral fertilizer in doses of N60P60K60 and N60P60K30.

scholarly journals The Influence of Opencast Lignite Mining Dehydration on Plant Production—A Methodological Study

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1917
Author(s):  
Benedykt Pepliński ◽  
Wawrzyniec Czubak
Keyword(s):  
Brown Coal ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
External Costs ◽  
Opencast Mines ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Potato Yields ◽  
Burning Coal ◽  
Depression Cone ◽  
The Cost

In many circles, brown coal continues to be viewed as a cheap source of energy, resulting in numerous investments in new opencast brown coal mines. Such a perception of brown coal energy is only possible if the external costs associated with mining and burning coal are not considered. In past studies, external cost analysis has focused on the external costs of coal burning and associated emissions. This paper focuses on the extraction phase and assesses the external costs to agriculture associated with the resulting depression cone. This paper discusses the difficulties researchers face in estimating agricultural losses resulting from the development of a depression cone due to opencast mineral extraction. In the case of brown coal, the impacts are of a geological, natural-climatic, agricultural-productive, temporal, and spatial nature and result from a multiplicity of interacting factors. Then, a methodology for counting external costs in crop production was proposed. The next section estimates the external costs of crop production arising from the operation of opencast mines in the Konin-Turek brown coal field, which is located in central Poland. The analyses conducted showed a large decrease in grain and potato yields and no effect of the depression cone on sugar beet levels. Including the estimated external costs in the cost of producing electricity from mined brown coal would significantly worsen the profitability of that production.

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