Usefulness of the AUDIT tool in assessing alcohol consumption patterns of drivers who have lost their driving license

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Załęski ◽  
Krzysztof Horoszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Audit Tool ◽  
Problem Model ◽  
Driving License ◽  
Group 2

Alcohol consumption by drivers has a negative impact on the driving behaviour and the risk of an accident. The objective of the work the usefulness of the AUDIT tool in relation to alcohol consumption patterns of people who lost their driving license for drunk driving. The study used a 10-item AUDIT questionnaire, which included 196 people aged 19 to 71 years. The experimental group (Group 1) consisted of people who lost their driving license "after drinking", and the control group (Group 2) consisted of people who drive motor vehicles at work. It has been shown that the majority of people who had their authorization to drive a car revoked, faced difficulties in controlling their alcohol consumption. There were no statistically significant differences in the results of the AUDIT questionnaire, taking into account the group and gender criteria. The surveyed drivers most often revealed a low and moderate pattern of alcohol consumption. People who drink, in the problem model (risky) significantly more often lost their driving license than people in the control group.

scholarly journals Integrated treatment of cattle in fasсiolosis

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
N. Avramenko ◽  
N. Kozii ◽  
R. Shaganenko ◽  
V. Shaganenko
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Integrated Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
St John’S Wort ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
St John's Wort ◽  
Group 2

One of the reasons for the unprofi tability of dairy cattle breeding is fasciolose invasion. This disease can cause signifi cant economic damage in the form of a decrease in the milk production of cows, a decrease in the growth of young animals and a negative impact on the reproduction and renewal of the herd. The domestic veterinary market is saturated with a large number of various anti-trematode drugs of both foreign and domestic production, however, the price/eff ectiveness of anthelmintics remains a key aspect for animal owners. However, against parasitic drugs, they only destroy the parasite in the body of sick animals, without pouring in on the processes of recovery of the body after invasion. Longterm use of the same drugs, violation of the instructions for use of the latter leads to an increase in the number of reports of scientists from around the world about the increase in the number of cases of development of fasciol resistance in anthelmintics. That is why the search and testing of new therapeutic combinations that ensure the release of cattle from trematodes and helped restore disturbed physiological functions remain relevant today. The study presents the results of testing the use of a combination of rafenzene emulsion and infusion of St. John's wort on cattle fascioliasis in the conditions of the dairy industry of the Kyiv region. The purpose of the study was to study the therapeutic effi cacy of a combination of aetiotropic and pathogenetic therapies of calves for fasciulosis - rafenzol emulsion and infusion of herbs with St. John's wort. The young cattle of the black-bred breed, aged 12-18 months, were examined and their faeces sampled. The calves were monitored for 30 days during the experiment. They paid attention to the general condition. Heart rate, body temperature and respiratory rate were measured. Studies of individual organs and systems were performed according to conventional methods. Coprological studies were performed on the 10th and 30th day of observation. Used the method of sequential fl ushing faces. Calves, one of which was a control, was formed to study the eff ectiveness of antitrematodes measures. In each of them there were 5 animals, aff ected by fascioles, selected on the principle of analogues. The calves of the fi rst group were administered rafenzol emulsion at a dose of 0.75 ml of the preparation per 10 kg of body weight inside once, the animals of group 2 used the drug similar to the fi rst group. Previously they were fed with infusion of herbs St. John's wort. The control group was not treated.The results of the study indicate that the young is large aff ected with fascioles and the average invasion intensity is 48% and the intensity is 17 copies of eggs, respectively. Complex use of rafenzol emulsion with infusion of herbs with St. John's wort, according to the scheme, after 80 days revealed 80% of the extent and intensity. After 30 days, the indicator improved to 100%. Extensibility and intensifi cation of one rafenzol emulsion, after 10 days was 40%, for 30 days the effi ciency increased to 80%. St. John's wort improves the regeneration of tissue-damaged fasciolosis. It contributes to the absorption of feed and restore productivity. Therefore, treatment and prevention of fasciulosis in the farm is best done comprehensively. Key words: rafenzene emulsion, st. John's wort herb infusion, fasciolosis, disease intensity and intensity, effi cacy and drug intensity.

scholarly journals Effekty dlitel'nogo primeneniya estrogen-gestagennoy terapii u zhenshchin reproduktivnogovozrasta s izolirovannym gipogonadotropnymgipogonadizmom

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
I A Ilovayskaya ◽  
V Yu Zektser ◽  
A V Il'in ◽  
N P Goncharov ◽  
I I Dedov
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

We examined 56 normoprolactinemic women of reproductive age (18-45 y.o.) with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (group 1) initially and on treatment with 2 mg of 17beta-estradiol and 10 mg of dydrogesterone in sequenced manner (HRT), duration of HRT was from 18 to 42 (median 36) months; 45 healthy women (20-38 y.o.) were included in control group 2. Initially hypercholesterolemia was observed in 50% of cases in group 1 and 6.6% in group 2 (z=12,29, p=0,0005); nevertheless, the difference in lipid levels between groups 1 and 2 was not statistically significant: total cholesterol levels 5,2 (4,3; 6,0) mmol/l and 4,63 (4,15; 5,15) mmol/l respectively (1vs2, р=0,1); triglycerides 0,8 (0,62; 1,3) mmol/l and 0,76 (0,6; 0,85) mmol/l (1vs2, р=0,08); HDL 1,89 (1,24; 2,1) mmol/l and 1,79 (1,44; 2,8) mmol/l (1vs2, p=0,85); LDL 2,7 (2,2; 3,2) mmol/l and 2,75 (2,3; 3,3) mmol/l (1vs2, p=0,64). In group 1 decrease of total cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations was found on HRT: total cholesterol 4,8 (3,95; 5,1) mmol/l (before vs on treatment p=0,041), triglycerides 0,65 (0,6; 0,9) (before vs on treatment p=0,044) respectively, changes in HDL and LDL levels were not revealed. Initial concentrations of Ca++, P, and alkaline phosphatase (AP) were within normal range in all women. However, concentrations of Ca++ and AP were higher in group 1 compared to group 2: Ca++ 1,13 (1,08; 1,19) mmol/l and 1,05 (1,03; 1,09) mmol/l (1vs2, p=0,0016); AP 161,5 (141,8; 183) IU/l and 141,0 (119; 151) IU/l (1vs2, p=0,044). On HRT reduce in Ca++ and AP concentrations was observed: Ca++ concentrations 1,05 (1,03; 1,10) mmol/l (before vs on treatment p=0,004), AP 139 (112; 143) IU/l (before vs on treatment p=0,004). HRT was accompanied by improvement of clinical symptoms, had no influence on thyroid function, and provoked physiological rise of prolactin levels.Thus, despite lacking the expressed biochemical disorders, isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in women of reproductive age have hidden negative impact on lipid and mineral metabolism. Long term HRT is safe and significantly improved parameters of lipid and mineral homeostasis in this cohort of patients.

scholarly journals Alcohol Consumption and Its Effect on Testicular Structure and on Sperm Count and Motility in Parent Mice and Their Offspring

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinaria T. Albadri
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ethanol Treatment ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Introduction: The goal of the present study was to examine the effect of alcohol consumption on sperm count and motility and the morphological changes in the seminiferous tubules of parent mice and their offspring. Methods: Animals were divided into two groups, Group 1 (alcohol group) of twelve male and twelve female mice, were given a daily dose of (3 g/kg body weight as 25%, v/v) ethanol by gastric gavage for four and eight weeks. Group 2 (control group) also of twelve male and twelve female mice; received normal access of food and water. After four weeks of treatment, the males and females in each group were allowed to mate, and ethanol treatment continued for up to another four weeks. Twelve male offspring from group 1 and twelve male offspring from group 2 were selected randomly and allowed to become mature. Male parent mice were killed at the 4th and 8th weeks of treatment, and their male offsprings were killed when they reached maturity age. Results: Physiological examination of the sperm solution showed that there was a significant decrease in sperm count and motility after 4 and 8 weeks of ethanol treatment in parent male mice, but this decrease was not significant in their adult offspring. Furthermore, histological investigations indicated testicular lesions in the parent male mice and their adult male offspring. Conclusion: Alcohol abuse has deleterious effects on the testes structure and on the sperm count and motility of the epididymal spermatozoa of both parent mice and their offspring.

scholarly journals MEDICAL-SOCIAL PECULIARITIES OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES OF THE INTERNAL GENITAL ORGANS IN WOMEN AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF VARICOSITY OF PELVIS MINOR

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
N. V. Drohomyretska
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Aim of the research. Study the peculiarities of chronic inflammatory processes of the internal genital organs in women against the background of varicose veins of the pelvis minor. Materials and methods. In the comparative aspect, the main points of the clinical characteristics of 30 women of the control and 120 patients of the main groups (with chronic inflammatory processes of the internal genital organs against the background of varicose veins of the pelvis, isolated chronic inflammatory processes of the internal genital organs) are represented in the work. Results. Performed researches have shown that the vast majority of women in the group 1 were engaged in manual labor, of which 32 were workers ((47,1±6,1) %), 13 – were housewives ((19,1±4,8) %). The proportion of unemployed among patients of the group 2 was 1.2-fold higher than of the group 1, prolonged static load in a standing or sitting position was observed in 38 ((55,9±6,0) %) and in 7 ((10,5±3,7) %) cases, respectively; excessive physical activity, especially related to the lifting of loads – in 12 (23,1±4,6) %) and in 6 (11,05±4,4) %) cases, respectively; and this definitely made the negative impact on the venous hemodynamics. Statistical calculations showed that the risk of VPM (varicosity of pelvis minor) in female workers was significantly higher compared to the control group (OR 3,56; 95 % CI 1,29-9,80; p=0,02) and group 2 (OR 2,67; 95 % CI 1,21-5,86; p=0,02). Analysis of the peculiarities of genital function has shown that the early sexual activity (up to 18 years) was started by 19 ((27,9±5,4) %) women of the group 1, by 22 women ((42,3±6,9) %) – of the group 2, that was 1,8-fold more than in patients of the control group (7; (23,3±4,7) %). The women of the group 1 were found to have a significantly higher risk of sexual dysfunction compared to the group 2: dyspareunia (OR 2,39; 95 % CI 1,14-5,04; p=0,03) and anorgasmia (OR 2,60; 95 % CI 1,12-6,06; p=0,04). Regarding the use of contraceptives, it was found that almost half of the patients of the first group resorted to interrupted sexual intercourse, which adversely affects the venous hemodynamics of the pelvis and significantly increases the risk of VPM against the background of CIPIGO (chronic inflammatory processes of the internal genital organs) (OR 2,41; 95 % CI 1,11-5,24; p=0,04). Studying the reproductive history of patients, it was determined that women in the group 1 have had 3,4-fold higher birth parity compared to the group 2 (p<0,05), which can also be considered a leading risk factor for VPM. In addition, in the research groups there was a significant proportion of miscarriages (4,7-fold more in the group 1; p<0,05) and stillbirths, which may be a consequence of the past acute inflammatory diseases of specific etiology. Conclusions. Anamnestic data (static lifestyle and physical activity, miscarriages, high parity of childbirth), as well as peculiarities of the clinical course of chronic inflammatory processes of the internal genital organs in women against the background of varicose veins of the pelvis minor (severe chronic pelvic pain, swelling and aching fornices, dyspareunia, sexual dysfunction) should be the leading factors in the selection of patients for the use of an advanced diagnostic algorithm (ultrasound examination of the lesser pelvic veins in combination with color Doppler examination).

TRAVEL BEHAVIOUR MODIFICATION TECHNIQUE – A FRAMEWORK FOR AWARENESS ON CARBON FOOTPRINT TOWARDS ADOLESCENTS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRY

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Sabahiah Abdul Sukor ◽  
Nur Khairiyah Basri ◽  
Sitti Asmah Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Students ◽  
Behaviour Modification ◽  
Incentive Group ◽  
Group 2

Travel behaviour modification (TBM) techniques have been successfully implemented in many developed countries to reduce the negative impact of motorization and to increase the usage of more sustainable modes of transport. However, very little has been reported with regard to their effectiveness in developing countries. This paper emphasizes the framework of TBM techniques that might be implemented in developing countries by focusing on secondary school students as the main respondents. The recruited students were divided into four groups based on the assigned intervention approaches such as a control group (Group 1), journey planning group (Group 2), incentive group (Group 3), and journey planning with incentive group (Group 4). The main instruments for this study were travel diaries that were used to record the students’ daily travel activities and individual carbon footprint. The questionnaire survey was used to measure the pro-environmental awareness of the students. A few hypotheses in relation to the experiment on TBM techniques were also highlighted in this paper.

Alcohol consumption patterns in heavy drinkers with and without alcoholic liver disease (ALD)

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A117-A117
Author(s):  
K DEAR ◽  
M BRADLEY ◽  
K MCCORMACK ◽  
R PECK ◽  
D GLEESON
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Disease ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Heavy Drinkers

ANALYSIS OF MEASURES TO REDUCE ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC DAMAGE FROM AUTOMOBILE TRANSPORT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.N. Kurdyukov ◽  
◽  
T.V. Lebedeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Agriculture Education

The article considers common classifications of measures to reduce environmentaleconomic damage from motor vehicles. Classification from the point of view of control impact is proposed, which allows to take into account relations between the state and citizens in the field of reduction of negative impact of motor vehicles on the environment. The analysis of the classification made it possible to identify areas of activity for improving the efficiency of management impacts, taking into account the incentives of citizens to comply with the requirements of the legislation and to create conditions for their exceeding. Increasing the efficiency of resource allocation in the Territory will allow the released funds to be allocated to the development of industry, agriculture, education and science.

Liver, Kidney Function Tests and Oxidative Damage During and after Treatment of Salmonella typhimurium Infection in Experimental Local Rabbits

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Salah Hasan ◽  
Ayman Barzan Abdulgafor ◽  
Maher Saber Owain ◽  
Mohammed Ali Hussein ◽  
Qusay Mohammed Aboud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

This study aimed to evaluate the liver, kidney damage caused by S. typhimurium and to estimate the oxidative damage in association with this bacteria. A highly virulent isolates of S. typhimurium were obtained from the department of internal and preventive medicine/ College of Veterinary Medicine/ University of Baghdad. A twenty five local rabbits of both genders with age range (2-4 months) weeks old were used for this study, the rabbits were divided randomly into five groups each group contains 5 rabbits :- group 1: drenched orally with 5 ml of normal saline and consider as control group, group 2: were drenched orally with (5 ml) suspension which contain (5��109 CFU) of Salmonella typhimurium and regarded as infected group, group 3 were drenched orally with (5 ml) suspension which have (5��109 CFU) of Salmonella typhimurium then treated with a single dose of gentamicin alone at 0.05ml/kg (5mg/ml) orally after presence of signs (after 24hrs. post inoculation), group 4 were drenched (5 ml) suspension having (5��109 CFU) of Salmonella typhimurium then treated with a single dose of Ca-EDTA alone at 40mg/kg orally after presence of signs (after 24hrs. post inoculation) and group 5 were drenched (5 ml) suspension that contain (5��109 CFU) of Salmonella typhimurium then treated with a single dose of combined gentamicin at 0.05ml/kg (5mg/ml) orally after presence of signs (after 24hrs. post inoculation) and Ca-EDTA 40mg/kg after presence of signs (after 24hrs. post inoculation).The results of biochemical profile showed a significant increase (p less than 0.05) in ALT, creatinine and urea levels in infected group as compared with control group, while, the treated groups especially group 5 showed a significant improvement in ALT, Urea and creatinine levels which returned to relative normal levels as compared with infected group after 96hrs. post treatment. Also, the results of oxidative stress showed a significant increase in the levels of MDA in G2, G3, G4 and G5 after 48 hrs. post treatment, while the level of GSH showed a significant decrease in the level at 48hrs., both were returned to relative normal levels after 96hrs.post treatment especially in group 5.In conclusion, S. typhimurium can causing liver and kidney damage which is manifested by increase ALT, Urea and Creatinine. Also, MDA and GSH is increased due to salmonellosis.

Clinical-Reported Outcomes Of Deferoxamine Versus Deferasirox In The Treatment Of Homozygous BetaThalassemia

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeina A Munim Al-Thanoon ◽  
Zeina A Munim Al-Thanoon ◽  
Mustafa Basil ◽  
Nasih A Al-Kazzaz
Keyword(s):  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Iron Chelation ◽  
Iron Chelator ◽  
Beta Thalassemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Multiple Blood ◽  
Group 2

Iron chelation therapy with deferoxamine (DFO),the current standard for the treatment of iron overload in patients with betathalassemia,requires regular subcutaneous or intravenous infusions. This can lead to reduced quality of life and poor adherence,resulting in increased morbidity and mortality in iron-overloaded patients with beta-thalassemia. Deferasirox (DFX) is an orally administered iron chelator that has been approved for use in many countries. The requirement of an effective,well tolerated iron chelator with a less demanding mode of administration has led to the development of deferasirox. The present study was aimed to compare the satisfaction and compliance with deferoxamine versus deferasirox (Exjade®),a novel oral iron chelator in patients with transfusion - dependent beta- thalassemia. A cross-sectional,single-center investigation study was carried out in the Thalassemia Center of Ibn-Atheer Teaching Hospital in Nineveh province,Iraq. One hundred and eight thalassemic patients aged between 2- 20 years old having received multiple blood transfusions and a serum ferritin greater than 1500 ng/ml. Patients were randomised into two groups. Group 1 received deferoxamine at a dose of 20-50mg/kg/day and group 2 received deferasirox at the dose of 10-30 mg/kg/day. Another 56 apparently healthy volunteers were used as a control group. The assessment of chelation was done during the period between November 2013 and February 2014 by measurement of serum ferritin. Satisfaction and compliance was assessed by using a special questionnaire prepared by the researcher. Out of the 108 thalassemic patients enrolled there was no discontinuation in treatment with the two drugs under study. The serum ferritin did not change significantly in any of the chelation groups. In comparison with the patients who were treated with DFO,those receiving DFX reported a significantly higher rate of compliance and satisfaction (P < 0.05). However,no significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding their satisfaction (P > 0.05).Compliance with deferasirox (50 %) was more than that with deferoxamine (20 %). Satisfaction with deferoxamine was significantly lower than deferasirox (p= 0.00).

Antiurolithiatic effect of Cymbopogon Proximus, Alhagi Maurorum, on Sulfadimidine induced urolithiasis in male New Zealand rabbits

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Sameh El-Nabtity
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
New Zealand Rabbits ◽  
Group 1

The present study aimed to investigate the prophylactic effect of Cymbopogon proximus and Alhagi maurorum on Sulfadimidine induced urolithiasis in rabbits . Thirty New Zealand male rabbits were allocated into six equal groups (each of five): Group (1) was used as a negative control. Group(2) were administered sulfadimidine (200mg/kg) by intramuscular injection.Groups(3) and (4) were administered sulfadimidine(200mg/kg) by intramuscular injection and 330mg/kg of Cymbopogon proximus alcoholic and aqueous extracts respectively orally.Groups(5) and (6) were administered sulfadimidine(200mg/kg) by intramuscular injection and 400mg/kg of Alhagi maurorum alcoholic and aqueous extracts respectively orally. The period of experiment was 10 days. Blood and urine samples were collected from rabbits on the 10th day. The results recorded a significant decrease in serum creatinine, urea, uric acid and crystalluria in Cymbopogon proximus and Alhagi maurorum groups compared to sulfadimidine treated group.We conclude that Cymbopogon proximus and Alhagi maurorum have a nephroprotective and antiurolithiatic effects against sulfadimidine induced crystalluria.

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