TRAVEL BEHAVIOUR MODIFICATION TECHNIQUE – A FRAMEWORK FOR AWARENESS ON CARBON FOOTPRINT TOWARDS ADOLESCENTS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRY

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Sabahiah Abdul Sukor ◽  
Nur Khairiyah Basri ◽  
Sitti Asmah Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Students ◽  
Behaviour Modification ◽  
Incentive Group ◽  
Group 2

Travel behaviour modification (TBM) techniques have been successfully implemented in many developed countries to reduce the negative impact of motorization and to increase the usage of more sustainable modes of transport. However, very little has been reported with regard to their effectiveness in developing countries. This paper emphasizes the framework of TBM techniques that might be implemented in developing countries by focusing on secondary school students as the main respondents. The recruited students were divided into four groups based on the assigned intervention approaches such as a control group (Group 1), journey planning group (Group 2), incentive group (Group 3), and journey planning with incentive group (Group 4). The main instruments for this study were travel diaries that were used to record the students’ daily travel activities and individual carbon footprint. The questionnaire survey was used to measure the pro-environmental awareness of the students. A few hypotheses in relation to the experiment on TBM techniques were also highlighted in this paper.

scholarly journals Using the Concept of Game-Based Learning in Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (14) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Zi-Yu Liu ◽  
Zaffar Ahmed Shaikh ◽  
Farida Gazizova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Educational Material ◽  
Educational Game ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Game Based Learning ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Impact

A modern school deals with a generation of students who were born and grown up in a digital environment and require other teaching methods. Changes in the technological and social conditions of modern society need new professional skills, which are often called “21st century skills”. These skills should be devel-oped starting from the primary school, as they are psychological and behavioural, rather than practical. Game-based learning and gamification are effective means of such skills development. The use of video games in teaching practice is studied multifaceted, along with formats and requirements of educational game, methods for effectiveness assessment, and the effect of games on students. The controver-sial nature of game-based learning effect on students require deeper research, as the increase in motivation and learning efficiency cannot be disputed, as well as the negative impact of a long gaming on cognitive abilities, emotional state and social skills of students. The study tested both an increase in the motivation and attraction of school students for the learning process, and the impact on the prac-tical results of information assimilation. There was conducted a survey on the re-sults of the application of game training to determine the motivation and attraction of students. Likewise, we counted time, spent by the study and control group, for mastering the main educational material and the post-class study of game content and the educational material it presents. A comparative test was conducted on the results of educational material comprehension to determine the effectiveness of the methodology in mastering knowledge. The group, with game-based learning and gamification applied, showed an increase in motivation and attraction to learning, students paid additional efforts for assimilating the material studied, and also showed significantly higher learning outcomes compared to the control group.

FORMATION OF INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS OF THE REGION ON THE BASIS OF THE INNOVATION AND INVESTMENT MODEL OF DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Lytvynenko ◽  
◽  
Elena Lytvynenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Investment Model ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Business Structures

The article discusses the key issues of achieving the goals of modernization, namely, China's interaction with the world economy. Chinese economists believe that the process of globalization cannot be stopped, but it can be radically changed and directed to the benefit of China's economy, most likely with the help of transnational corporations. The revitalization of integration processes among developing countries has been observed against the backdrop of the successful development of the Western European model of economic integration. In this way, integration first affected the sphere of production and then the sphere of mutual trade. The article substantiates the necessity and possibility of adaptation to the changing economic conditions and innovative development of business structures operating in international business and the proposal of specific schemes for their construction in accordance with the world markets requirements. Notice that, there is a change in the principles of regional integration development at the present stage. Developing countries are actively seeking to participate in integration processes, since the leading powers prefer to use territorial disputes in their foreign policy and there is a risk of potential threats from border states. For centuries, China has held the leading position in the world in terms of quality of life. However, modern China is not one of the developed countries in any of the established classifications, and therefore the current work explores the modernization theories of the economies of developing countries. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the entire world trade, production, trade and logistics chains have been destroyed, stock indices are declining, industrial production has been suspended, oil prices have collapsed, demand for goods is reorienting. Since China is the main trade partner of Ukraine and many Ukrainian enterprises are associated with the PRC by purchasing both goods or components for their production, it clearly will not affect our trade relations for the better.

A systematic literature review of lean manufacturing implementation in manufacturing-based sectors of the developing and developed countries

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Maware ◽  
Modestus Okechukwu Okwu ◽  
Olufemi Adetunji
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Lean Manufacturing ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Preliminary Review ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Manufacturing Organizations ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

Purpose This study aims to comparatively discuss the effect of lean manufacturing (LM) implementation in the manufacturing sectors of developing and developed countries. Design/methodology/approach An in-depth literature review focused on previous research published between 2015 and March 2020. The papers published by the databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, ProQuest and Web of Science were used in the study. A total of 63 studies that focused on LM application in manufacturing industries in developing and developed countries were used in the research. Findings It was observed that LM improves operational performance for manufacturing organizations in developing and developed countries. Small and medium-sized enterprises in both developed and developing countries have difficulties transforming their organizations into lean organizations compared to large enterprises. Furthermore, the review also found that there seems to have been no paper had reported the negative impact of implementing LM in manufacturing industries in developing and developed countries from 2015 to March 2020. Research limitations/implications The study used research papers written between January 2015 and March 2020 and only considered manufacturing organizations from developed and developing nations. Practical implications The study provides more insight into LM implementation in developing and developed countries. It gives the LM practices and the implications of applying these practices in manufacturing organizations for developing and developed countries. Originality/value A preliminary review of papers indicated that this seems to be the first paper that comparatively studies how LM implementation has affected manufacturing organizations in developed and developing countries. The study also assessed the LM practices commonly used by the manufacturing industries in developing and developed countries.

scholarly journals Taxing impact of terrorism on global economic openness of developed and developing countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-335
Author(s):  
Abubakr Saeed ◽  
Yuhua Ding ◽  
Shawkat Hammoudeh ◽  
Ishtiaq Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Economic Openness ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Military Expenditures ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between terrorism and economic openness that takes into account both the number and intensity of terrorist incidents and the impact of government military expenditures on trade-GDP and foreign direct investment-GDP ratios for both developed and developing countries. It uses the dynamic GMM method to account for endogeneity in the variables. Deaths caused by terrorism have a significant negative impact on FDI flows, and the number of terrorist attacks is also found to be significant in hampering the countries’ ability to trade with other nations. The study also demonstrates that the developing countries exhibit almost similar results to our main analysis. The developed countries exhibit a negative impact of terrorism, but the regression results are not significant.

The Impact of Corruption on Entrepreneurship

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Gil Avnimelech ◽  
Yaron Zelekha
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Societal Costs ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
The Impact

There is a consensus that corruption may result in high societal costs. A growing body of research reveals the negative effects of corruption on a variety of economic indicators. This chapter presents a literature review on the impact of corruption on entrepreneurship. It allows us to suggest that one of the transition channels through which corruption has impacted growth is entrepreneurship. The main channels in which corruption impacts entrepreneurship is through reduced incentives for entrepreneurial activity and reduced trust within the system. The authors present evidence that the negative impact of an incremental increase in the level of corruption on entrepreneurship is more harmful in developed countries than in developing countries. Thus, they stress the need for more research in this area with the aim of establishing appropriate frameworks for the fight of corruption in both developing and developed countries and suggest significant gains from anti-corruption efforts, especially in developed countries.

scholarly journals The impact of maternal obesity on maternal and fetal outcome

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Esther Kamalarani A. ◽  
Ramyajothi . ◽  
Ramalakshmi S.
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The Past ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Impact

Background: Obesity continues to be a global health concern. Although the increasing obesity rates in developed countries has slowed down in the past 10 years, obesity rates in developing countries continue to increase, as much as three times in some developing countries over the past 30 years. The aim of the study was to determine the adverse effects of obesity in pregnancy and maternal and fetal outcome.Methods: In all patients, a detailed history was taken and examinations and investigations were carried out.  Based on BMI (body mass index), patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 = patients with BMI >30 kg/m2 and Group 2 = patients with BMI <30 kg /m2.Results: In our study, comparing pregnant mothers with BMI >30 kg/m2 and normal BMI, authors found that the prevalence of maternal and fetal complications was higher in the obese group. Prevalence of antenatal complications like gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, imminent eclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus requiring control with insulin was higher in obese women.Conclusions: Obesity is associated with increased adverse effects on pregnancy and its outcome.

scholarly journals Segmentation, Classification, and Determinants of In-Store Shopping Activity and Travel Behaviour in the Digitalisation Era: The Context of a Developing Country

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tri Joewono ◽  
Ari Tarigan ◽  
Muhamad Rizki
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Grocery Shopping ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Shopping Travel

The influence of digital technologies in the current era has substantially affected the way individuals engage with in-store shopping activities and travels. To prepare a transport policy with sustainable orientations, it is important to investigate factors that determine in-store activity-travel patterns. In particular, knowledge about how in-store activities and travels interact with other forms of activities and travels should be updated, since the use of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) may be substantial to create new patterns of activity and travel. It is believed that shopping travel and activity behaviours may indicate the increase or decrease of physical travels, which is crucial for carbon emission measures in transportation sector. While numerous studies about this issue have been recently carried out based on the context of developed countries, little is known for the context of developing countries. To offer a better understanding of the nature of in-store shopping travels and activities in the digitalisation era, a household survey was conducted in Bandung, Indonesia. This survey tends to acquire data from respondents as a representation of developing countries on their shopping behaviour, travel characteristics, and spatial attributes that represent the conditions of their built environment. The results from the survey show that individuals in a developing country are still having interest in in-store grocery shopping even though their daily life has a close connection with digital life. The results of the analysis show that grocery shoppers in a developing country simultaneously consider shopping activity, other activities, modes of transport, and shopping expenses. This manifests in the form of trip-chaining activities and affects decisions on the modes of transport used. The results indicate a significant portion of trip frequency for in-store shopping travel with motorised modes. Since motorised modes are the main contribution for carbon emission production in transportation sector, the results of this study are critical for developing transport demand measures and setting relevant policy schemes to improve the sustainability of transportation system, especially for the context of developing countries.

scholarly journals Impacts from Economic Development and Environmental Factors on Life Expectancy: A Comparative Study Based on Data from Both Developed and Developing Countries from 2004 to 2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8559
Author(s):  
Zhiheng Chen ◽  
Yuting Ma ◽  
Junyi Hua ◽  
Yuanhong Wang ◽  
Hongpeng Guo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Urbanization Rate

Both economic development level and environmental factors have significant impacts on life expectancy at birth (LE). This paper takes LE as the research object and selects nine economic and environmental indicators with various impacts on LE. Based on a dataset of economic and environmental indicators of 20 countries from 2004 to 2016, our research uses the Pearson Correlation Coefficient to evaluate the correlation coefficients between the indicators, and we use multiple regression models to measure the impact of each indicator on LE. Based on the results from models and calculations, this study conducts a comparative analysis of the influencing mechanisms of different indicators on LE in both developed and developing countries, with conclusions as follow: (1) GDP per capita and the percentage of forest area to land area have a positive impact on LE in developed countries; however, they have a negative impact on LE in developing countries. Total public expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP and fertilizer consumption have a negative impact on LE in developed countries; however, they have a positive impact on LE in developing countries. Gini coefficient and average annual exposure to PM2.5 have no significant effect on LE in developed countries; however, they have a negative impact on LE in developing countries. Current healthcare expenditures per capita have a negative impact on LE in developed countries, and there is no significant impact on LE in developing countries. (2) The urbanization rate has a significant positive impact on LE in both developed countries and developing countries. Carbon dioxide emissions have a negative impact on LE in both developed and developing countries. (3) In developed countries, GDP per capita has the greatest positive impact on LE, while fertilizer consumption has the greatest negative impact on LE. In developing countries, the urbanization rate has the greatest positive impact on LE, while the Gini coefficient has the greatest negative impact on LE. To improve and prolong LE, it is suggested that countries should prioritize increasing GDP per capita and urbanization level. At the same time, countries should also work on reducing the Gini coefficient and formulating appropriate healthcare and education policies. On the other hand, countries should balance between economic development and environmental protection, putting the emphasis more on environmental protection, reducing environmental pollution, and improving the environment’s ability of self-purification.

scholarly journals The Social and Economic Correlates of Tobacco Consumption in Developing Countries Compared to Developed Countries: Evidence from Burkina Faso and Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Ernest Ouedraogo ◽  
Yienouyaba Gaetan Ouoba ◽  
Emmanuel Lompo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Shape Effect ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
The Social

This paper examines the socio-demographic and economic factors affecting tobacco consumption in a developing country like Burkina Faso compared to a developed country like Canada. Using nationally representative data from the 2016 round of Burkina Faso&rsquo;s Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) 2015-2016, we estimated multivariate fixed effects models to identify the social and economic factors associated with tobacco consumption in these countries. We find evidence that age has an inverted U-shaped positive effect on cigarettes consumption in both countries with a peak at 24-35 years old in Burkina Faso and a peak at 40-54 years old in Canada. Second, being single increases the consumption of cigarettes while education and employment reduce cigarettes consumption in both countries. The gender gap in tobacco consumption between men and women is larger in Burkina Faso (5.021 cigarettes) compared to Canada (1.45 cigarettes). Third, while income have a negative impact on cigarettes consumption in Canada, it displays a U-shape effect in Burkina Faso. Hence, the social and economic context should be considered by the international organization while addressing the issue of smoking in developed and developing countries.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF ARGUMENTATION-BASED TEACHING AND SCENARIO-BASED LEARNING METHOD ON THE STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serkan Aslan
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
School Students ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

Teaching programs based on contemporary learning-teaching approaches have been regulated since the 2005-2006 academic year in Turkey. Nevertheless, the researches conducted in Turkey suggested that teachers mostly use traditional teaching-learning approaches in their classroom activities. Therefore, this research aimed at enhancing the students’ academic achievement through the use of argumentation and scenario based learning approaches among the contemporary teaching-learning approaches in order to guide teachers. Experimental design with pre-test and post-test control group was used in the present research. This research was conducted with 45 fourth grade primary school students. The research was conducted with two experimental groups and one control group. Activities related to argumentation-based teaching were administered to the experimental group 1, activities with scenario-based learning method for the experimental group 2, and those of the existing curriculum for the control group. The research deployed an academic achievement test based on the unit of "Let’s Solve the Riddle of Our Body". Independent samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and covariance analysis (ANCOVA) were used during data analysis. Research results revealed that the academic achievement of the students was significantly influenced by the activities related to argumentation-based teaching and scenario-based learning method.

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