scholarly journals Survey of Sachet Water Waste Disposal in Liberia

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chikamso C. Apeh
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Water Waste ◽  
Sachet Water

Background. Five hundred milliliter bags of water, referred to as ‘sachet water,’ are widely used in Liberia, as they are low cost, safe sources of clean drinking water for the population. Objectives. This study aims to determine sources of drinking water in the study area, the rate of sachet water use, empty sachet water disposal methods and environmental problems associated with sachet water waste disposal. Methods. Using a simple random sampling technique, 257 respondents were interviewed between April and June 2018 using structured questionnaires. On a five-point Likert scale with a mean score of 3 as the cutoff point, data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results. The paper found that sachet water (mean (M)=4.37) is an essential source of drinking water in Liberia with a daily consumption rate of at least 6 bags of sachet water per individual. Affordability, availability, and safety were named by respondents as reasons for their consumption of sachet water. Improper disposal methods practiced by the residents of Liberia included ground littering (M=3.42) and burning (M=3.03). Conclusions. Sachet water consumption has contributed to environmental issues such as drainage system clogs, littering of the environment, the death of terrestrial and aquatic animals due to plastic waste consumption, reduction of oxygen for aquatic life and soil infertility. We recommend the creation of policies and enforcement of sachet water production to include reuse and recycling of sachet water by-products as a requirement for licensing of producers, provision of adequate waste bins and the use of public education campaigns to educate residents on environmental best practices. Ethics Approval. This study was approved by the Institute for Population Studies, University of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia. Informed Consent. Obtained Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

scholarly journals Effect of Good Hygiene Sanitation and Personal Hygiene Depot Management of Refill Drinking Water on the Quality of Drinking Water Reviewed from Most-Probable-Number Coliform in Kediri

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Indasah Indasah
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Hygiene Management

Drinking water is a basic human need and must meet health requirements. Drinking water depots are a means of filling drinking water which is in the process of processing raw water using treatment and sterilization system. Drinking water depots as providers of drinking water must also meet the requirements of sanitation hygiene and personal hygiene management must also be maintained so that the water produced meets health requirements. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sanitation hygiene and personal hygiene management of refill drinking water depots on the quality of drinking water in terms of the Most Probable Number Coliform in Kediri. The research design used was analytic observational with cross sectional approach. The population of all refill drinking water depots in Kediri is 57, with the sampling technique that is Simple Random Sampling, where a portion of refill drinking water depots in Kediri are 50. Data is collected by check list, questionnaire and laboratory examination. The results showed that most of the hygiene sanitation of the drinking water depot had fulfilled the requirements of 77%, the drinking water personal hygiene depot was good as much as 85% and those who met the drinking water requirements were 70%. The results of the hygiene feasibility analysis showed the value of Sig 0.000<0.05 (R=0.935) means that there was an effect of hygiene sanitation quality with water quality in terms of the Most Probable Number Coliform. While the personal hygiene value of Sig 0.001 <0.05 (R = 0.528) indicates that there is a personal hygiene influence with water quality in terms of the Most Probable Number Coliform. The results of Logistic Regression test showed that there were effects of sanitation hygiene and personal hygiene management of refill drinking water depots with water quality in terms of the Most Probable Number Coliform with a significance value = 0.000 <a 0.05. This shows that the hygiene and the better personal hygiene at refill drinking water depots is increasingly fulfilling water quality requirements in terms of the Most Probable Number Coliform

scholarly journals Identifikasi Sedimen Urine pada Penduduk yang Mengkonsumsi Air Sumur di Desa Besole Kecamatan Besuki Kabupaten Tulungagung

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Chalies Diah Pratiwi ◽  
Eka Puspitasari
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Urine Sediment ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Dug Well ◽  
The Town

Drinking water that is consumed should be clean and healthy. To avoid illness and disruption of bodily functions such as kidney function, liver, brain, teeth, and even mental disorders. Some people in Besole village still use dug well water as a source of drinking water. The geographical state of the town of Besole, Tulungagung district, is a mountainous area of marble containing lime which allows for mineral content, main calcium in the drinking water of residents. This study aims to determine the identification of urine sediments in residents who consume well water in Besole Village, Besuki District, Tulungagung Regency in 2018. This type of research is descriptive non-analytic, by determining the percentage of urine sediments that consume well water through an examination at the Pathology Laboratory STIKes Hutama Abdi Husada Tulungagung. The number of samples is 30 people, with simple random sampling technique. Based on the research conducted found the results of abnormal urine sediment percentage, ie, 6.7% leukocytes, 3.3% erythrocytes, 16.7% epithelium, 30% calcium oxalate and 3.3% bacteria. Water containing lime should be boiled, precipitated and filtered before consumption.

scholarly journals Estimation of the Discharge of Sunscreens in Aquatic Environments of the Mexican Caribbean

Environments ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Armando Casas-Beltran ◽  
Miguel Hernández-Pedraza ◽  
Jesús Alvarado-Flores
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Quintana Roo ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Mexican Caribbean

Tourist growth in Quintana Roo, Mexico has brought with it an increase of pollution by sunscreens to aquatic ecosystems, which represents an environmental risk because of the chemical components of sunscreens that can negatively affect human health and aquatic ecosystems. However, the magnitude of pollution in aquatic environments is unknown. Consequently, we sought to estimate the contamination by sunscreens based on usage and tourism statistics. Our estimate indicates that the water in Quintana Roo will receive nearly 4367.25 tons of chemicals from sunscreens used by residents and tourists over a period of 18 years (2007 to 2025). On average, each tourist stays in Quintana Roo for 3.45 days, and 89.9% of these visitors apply sunscreen, although only the 83.7% engage in water activities. Additionally, 30.4% of residents engage in water activities for an average of 1.5 days/year. We considered direct sunscreen contaminant contamination, which occurs from the application of sunscreen and subsequent water activities, as well as indirect contamination, which occurs when people wash their skin with drinking water that then enters the drainage system. Our analysis indicated that the greatest contribution of sunscreen to the karst aquifer of Quintana Roo, is direct. Chemicals dissolved in water are a danger to aquatic life and human health.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic and Environmental Conditions of Agricultural Migrants in Southwest Region of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Mosammat Rowshan Ara
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Environmental Challenges ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Household Heads

This study aimed to identify the socioeconomic and environmental challenges of the migrants who are migrated in Krishnonagar and Mohammadnagar areas of Khulna district. By using simple random sampling technique 348 (157 from Krishnanagar and 191 from Mohammadnagar) household heads were selected as the respondents. The length of living was considered to assess the effect of migration on the socioeconomic and environmental conditions of the respondents. Seven indicators (income, occupation, education, class, family status, poverty situation and health) were considered to assess the socioeconomic conditions of the respondents. The regression analysis supports that the length of migration has its effect on income (71%), poverty situation (66%) and class position (64%) of the respondents. That means the socioeconomic conditions of the people living in the study areas for long time is better than those of new migrants. In this study environmental issues include water and air quality, housing conditions, waste disposal systems and related hazards affected by the respondents as the migrants. The respondents were migrated from different areas of Bangladesh mainly due to natural disaster and crop cultivation related vulnerability. Among the total respondents 87.4 percent of the household heads are male and 12.6 percent are female. The present study shows that nearly half of the respondents (47.7%) in the study area were found to be involved in seasonal work. The average monthly household income in the study areas was 5892 BDT and 55.2 percent respondents were absolutely poor. About 17 percent respondents claimed for the ownership of the house but 57.87 percent were living in rented house. Among the environmental challenges waterlogging and problem of solid waste disposal were severe. In this regard some useful points of recommendations for effective urban management and rural development activities are suggested. South Asian J. Agric., 7(1&2): 6-14

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DAMP AND TREATMENT METHODS ON RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN CALABAR METROPOLIS OF CROSS RIVER STATE

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 372-376
Author(s):  
Stanley Emmanuel Ubi ◽  
Paul Nkra Obun ◽  
Agbor Reagan B ◽  
Thankgod Tom ◽  
Monday Agbor
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Test Reliability ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Reliability Method

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of damp and treatment methods on residential buildings in Calabar Metropolis of Cross River State. Damp is a pervasive problem for residential buildings. It is at times expressed in the most unlikely places under unexpected and unsettling conditions due to heavy rainfall. It is usually expressed at home, market, and neighborhood or within community. At different-occasions damp had cause many damages to school properties, destruction of roads especially during rainy season.  To achieve the purpose of this study two research questions were formulated to direct the study. Survey research design was adopted for the study. A sample of one hundred respondents was randomly selected for the study. The selection was done through the simple random sampling technique. This was to give equal and independent opportunities to all the respondents to be selected for the study. The questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. The instrument was subjected to face validation by experts in measurement and evaluation. The reliability estimate of the instrument was established through the test re-test reliability method. The results of the respondents reveal that damp and treatment method significantly influence residential buildings in Calabar Metropolis. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that the State government should construct good drainage system to enhance the free flow of stagnant water during or after rainfall in order not to cause damages to the buildings.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitudes and practice of solid waste disposal among residents of a selected community in Kano State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 3760
Author(s):  
Abuhuraira Ado Musa ◽  
Yusuf Muhammad Abdullahi ◽  
Maryam Dahiru Umar ◽  
Shehu Bello ◽  
Faisal Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Government

Background: This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practice of solid waste disposal among residents of the Husuren-Kwari community in Kano, Nigeria.Methods: A non-experimental descriptive survey research design was adopted and data were obtained from June to October 2019. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 45 households as the samples. The data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. The data obtained were analyzed using a statistical package for social sciences software.Results: In this study, more than half (53.3%) of the respondents were ≥36 years and 80.0% of them were males. About 42.2% of the respondents had a secondary level of education and 44.4% of the respondents were farmers. Close nine-tenths (88.9%) of the respondents agreed that proper waste disposal is any means that we can get rid of unwanted materials and 84.4% know the local method of disposing of waste. Only 24.4% of the respondents were aware of the modern methods of solid waste disposal. Little above half (51.1%) of the respondents were using the burning method to dispose of the waste, and close to half (46.7%) of the respondents were dumping the waste in front of the house.Conclusions: The finding reported a poor level of knowledge, negative attitude, and poor level of practice regarding waste disposal among the people of this community. The government and non-governmental organizations should organize a massive campaign on the importance of proper waste disposal and to create awareness on proper waste disposal practices.

Challenges in perspective of life skills acquisition; implication for placement of life skills in university curriculum

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
Wasim Khan ◽  
Salahuddin Khan ◽  
Tasleem Arif ◽  
Sohail R. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Life Skills ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Skills Acquisition ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Educational Curriculum

Background and Study Aim: The main purpose behind the study was to establish the challenges in relation to the acquisition of life skills among university student-athletes of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The study assessed the extent to which the concern existing resources, facilitators, and trainer attitude influences life skills acquisition among student-athletes. Material and Methods: Descriptive survey research design was followed to obtain desirable results. The target population of this study consisted of all those who participated in different sport at the university level of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Amongst them, we selected a representative sample (n=389 fifty 50% of the total population) with the help of a simple random sampling technique. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version, 24 was used to code and analyse the data. The hypotheses were tested by applying statistical tests like Step-wise regression and independents sample t-test. The significance level of 0.05 was fixed to accept or reject the set hypotheses. Results: Findings of the study indicated that existing resources, facilitators, and trainer/coach attitude significantly influences life skills acquisition among student-athletes (.001, .001 & .000 < .05). The analysed data revealed no significantly difference regarding extent to which specific challenges such as existing resources, facilitators, and trainer attitude influences the acquisition of life skills (.500, .133 & .149 > .05). Conclusions: The findings of the study revealed that all participants have agreed upon the importance of life skills. Therefore, the life skills course might be considered as an integral part of every educational curriculum of Pakistan. It is suggested that a minimum of 2 hours per week may be included in the educational curriculum of each discipline.

Supporting teachers in their use of ICT in teaching mathematics: What kind of support is necessary and when is it required?

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Benard Litali Ashiono
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Teaching Mathematics ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Grade One ◽  
Supporting Teachers

This article reports on a study that was carried out to establish determinants of ICT integration in mathematics teaching and learning. This paper focuses on the kind of support teachers require to effectively use ICT in teaching mathematics. An exploratory sequential mixed methods research design was employed to conduct this study in which quantitative data was initially collected in the first phase. Qualitative data was then collected in the second phase to explain the quantitative data collected in the initial phase. The study targeted all the teachers teaching in lower grades in both private and public schools. A sample size of 40 lower primary schools were purposively selected based on the availability of ICT tools for instructional purposes in those schools. Three teachers teaching in grade one, two and three were then selected using simple random sampling technique especially in cases where more than three teachers existed. Teacher Questionnaire, Teacher Interview Protocol and Observation Protocol were used to collect data. Data was analyzed qualitatively using descriptive phenomenological analysis in which data transcriptions were divided into themes and sub-themes related to phenomena under study. The findings of the study revealed that there was a significant relationship between supporting teachers’ use of ICT in the classroom and their actual use of ICT in teaching mathematics. The study findings however revealed that teachers teaching lower grades in Mombasa, Kenya were not adequately supported in their use of ICT in teaching mathematics. It was recommended that teachers must be granted adequate support in their use of ICT in teaching mathematics.

Investigation of Online Learning Satisfaction During COVID 19: In Relation to Academic Achievement

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Basith ◽  
Rosmaiyadi Rosmaiyadi ◽  
Susan Neni Triani ◽  
Fitri Fitri
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Online Learning ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Student Academic Achievement ◽  
Learning Satisfaction ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this research is; 1) investigating the level of online learning satisfaction among students during COVID 19; 2) analyzing the influence of differences in gender, years of study, major in determining online learning satisfaction among students during COVID 19; 3) to analyze the relationship between online learning satisfaction and student academic achievement during COVID 19. The population was 656 students at STKIP Singkawang, and then a sample of 357 students (87 males and 270 females) was taken using a simple random sampling technique. The instrument in this study was adapted from Aman's Satisfaction instrument, which was then used to collect research data. Data analysis using SPSS with descriptive statistical techniques, MANOVA, and correlation. The results showed that online learning satisfaction was at a high level, meaning that students were satisfied with the online learning that had been implemented. The major differences have a significant effect on determining online learning satisfaction. Intercorrelation shows that there is a significant relationship on each indicator of online learning satisfaction with academic achievement, meaning that the higher the satisfaction felt by students in online learning, the student's academic achievement will increase.

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