The Impact of Institutional and Political Factors on Timely Adoption of Local Community Budgets

AbstractThe integration of planning with geology and engineering is essential in the successful location and development of landfill sites, particularly in areas which are not intrinsically safe for waste disposal without engineering improvements. Although technical matters often form the primary basis for site selection, planning constraints and political factors can be as important and yet may receive less emphasis by the developers. Selection of a site can arouse concern amongst local people who consider that they will be adversely affected, despite assurances from the developer, and the formation of local action groups employing specialist expertise to oppose development of landfill sites, is now common-place. Landfill developers must therefore address technical, planning and public acceptability matters equally and effectively, in an integrated way, and must ensure that prediction of the impact of the landfill on the environment and its affect on the community proves to be accurate to maintain the credibility of the developer and the planning authorities.Recently, Oxfordshire County Council faced co-ordinated oppostion to their proposals to develop a landfill near the picturesque village of Alkerton, near Banbury. Because of the risk of pollution to nearby springs perceived by the local community, the Council created a containment site by constructing a clay trench through the vestigial ironstone, keyed into the relatively impermeable underlying silts and clays. The landfill has been operated to reduced infiltration and leachate production, and regular monitoring of environmental conditions has been carried out in conjunction with representatives from the Parish Council.This paper describes the interplay between planning, technical and political factors on which the decision to approve the development was based. The results of subsequent monitoring and the long term implications for site operations as a result of the engineering solution adopted, are also discussed.

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THE IMPACT OF DECENTRALIZATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN UKRAINE

International scientific journal Internauka Series Economical Sciences ◽

10.25313/2520-2294-2020-11-6563 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Lyudmyla Mishchenko ◽

◽

Dmytro Mishchenko ◽

Keyword(s):

Social Entrepreneurship ◽

Local Governments ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Social Protection ◽

Local Community ◽

Well Being ◽

Economic Incentives ◽

Social Enterprises ◽

Infrastructural Support ◽

The Impact

The actualization of the results of financial decentralization in Ukraine as part of the reform of decentralization of power and the development of proposals for its improvement is explained by the fact that a clear division of functions, powers and financial resources between national and regional levels is the basis for the well-being of our citizens. opportunities for its sustainable socio- economic development on a democratic basis. It is noted that financial decentralization is a process of giving authority to mobilize revenues and expenditures of local governments in order to increase the effectiveness of the implementation of these powers and better management of community budgets. It is established that unlike traditional entrepreneurship, which focuses on profit generation, the purpose of social entrepreneurship is to create and accumulate social capital. Abroad, social enterprises operate successfully in the fields of education, the environment, human rights, poverty reduction and health care, and their development and dissemination is one way to improve the living conditions of citizens. A similar mission is entrusted to local governments, which allows us to consider the revival of social entrepreneurship as an important element in improving self-government policy. It is determined that in modern conditions social entrepreneurship is one of the tools to ensure the ability of the local community to provide its members with an appropriate level of education, culture, health, housing and communal services, social protection, etc., as well as plan and implement programs efficient use of available natural and human resources, investment and infrastructural support of territorial communities. Due to financial decentralization, local governments have received additional resources that can be used to create economic incentives to promote social entrepreneurship in small and medium-sized businesses at the community level.

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Change in Service Provision Networks: The Case of Animal Welfare Services

State and Local Government Review ◽

10.1177/0160323x211009285 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0160323X2110092

Author(s):

Laura A. Reese ◽

Xiaomeng Li

Keyword(s):

Service Provision ◽

Survey Design ◽

Participant Observation ◽

Local Level ◽

Major Change ◽

Network Evolution ◽

Political Factors ◽

Before And After ◽

Organizational Ties ◽

The Impact

This research focuses on change within informal service provision networks, specifically examining the impact that changes within a key organization can have on the larger network. Employing a before and after survey design with a treatment at the midpoint and participant observation, it asks: What is the impact of a major change within one organization on the larger external network? What is the nature of the organizational ties? and, How do political factors exogenous to the network impact the network evolution process? The findings suggest that internal change within a focal actor can have ripple effects throughout the network increasing density. Public service provision at the local level can be enhanced through an increase in partnerships between the public and nonprofit sectors. However, network evolution can be limited by the larger political environment and lack of a coordinating role on the part of local government.

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Multi-Criteria Analysis of the Mass Tourism Management Model Related to the Impact on the Local Community in Constanta City (Romania)

Inventions ◽

10.3390/inventions6030046 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 46

Author(s):

Catalin Anton ◽

Angela-Eliza Micu ◽

Eugen Rusu

Keyword(s):

Black Sea ◽

Seasonal Cycle ◽

Local Community ◽

Local Economy ◽

Management Model ◽

The Black Sea ◽

Mass Tourism ◽

Tourism Management ◽

The Impact ◽

The City

Traditionally and socially, the tourism in Constanta is considered to be important to the local economy. Sun and beach locations are both a draw for locals and tourists to the city, on the Black Sea. However, vacation-oriented activities in the city only have a seasonal cycle. In this paper, we proposed to analyze the mass tourist activity in Constanta, taking into account economic, social, and environmental conditions. Additionally, we attempted to build a model based on the data available. The model was developed using a PESTEL analysis to determine the supportability factor of the indicators identified. We also set out to create a projection of the activities proposed for analysis by 2050. To create a model for coastal areas, the data used in this research must be accurate and consistent. Furthermore, correctly identifying indicators and their relationships is a critical step in conducting a thorough study. Last but not least, finding the calculation coefficient for the activity in question is critical, as collecting data from various activities might be challenging when trying to find a feasible model.

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The Impact of Cultural Immersion Experience on Identity Transformation Process

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18052680 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 2680

Author(s):

Gloria Onosu

Keyword(s):

Service Learning ◽

Cultural Awareness ◽

Local Community ◽

Transformation Process ◽

Identity Transformation ◽

Cultural Immersion ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Self Identity ◽

Immersion Experience ◽

The Impact

This study focused on understanding the cultural immersion experience of students who participated in Study Abroad Programs (SAP) and Global Service Learning Programs (GSL). The study looked at how the immersion experience impacted the participants’ view of self and others upon re-entry into their local community. Specifically, we applied the perspective transformation theoretical framework to analyze the extent to which participation in cultural immersion programs transforms students’ perceptions of self and others. The analysis of the semi-structured interviews suggested that by engaging in intentional immersion and guided reflections, participants became aware of the need to reevaluate their perspectives, expectations, and assumptions about self and others. We also found that there were differences in the way participants experienced the cultural immersion process and the impact it had on cultural awareness and self-identity.

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Public Sector Employment, Quality of Government, and Well-Being: A Global Analysis

International Area Studies Review ◽

10.1177/22338659211011747 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 223386592110117

Author(s):

Robert Davidson ◽

Alexander Pacek ◽

Benjamin Radcliff

Keyword(s):

Public Sector ◽

Global Analysis ◽

Well Being ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Political Factors ◽

The Public ◽

Employment Quality ◽

The Impact

While a growing literature within the study of subjective well-being demonstrates the impact of socio-political factors on subjective well-being, scholars have conspicuously failed to consider the role of the size and scope of government as determinants of well-being. Where such studies exist, the focus is largely on the advanced industrial democracies of the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development. In this study, we examine the size of the public sector as a determinant of cross-national variation in life satisfaction across a worldwide sample. Our findings strongly suggest that as the public sector grows, subjective well-being increases as well, conditional on the extent of quality of government. Using cross-sectional data on 84 countries, we show this relationship has an independent and separable impact from other economic and political factors.

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Lively Social Space, Well-Being Activity, and Urban Design: Findings From a Low-Cost Community-Led Public Space Intervention

Environment and Behavior ◽

10.1177/0013916516659108 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 49 (6) ◽

pp. 685-716 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Jamie Anderson ◽

Kai Ruggeri ◽

Koen Steemers ◽

Felicia Huppert

Keyword(s):

Public Space ◽

Urban Design ◽

Design Research ◽

Local Community ◽

Social Space ◽

Low Cost ◽

Well Being ◽

Observation Data ◽

Before And After ◽

The Impact

Empirical urban design research emphasizes the support in vitality of public space use. We examine the extent to which a public space intervention promoted liveliness and three key behaviors that enhance well-being (“connect,” “be active,” and “take notice”). The exploratory study combined directly observed behaviors with self-reported, before and after community-led physical improvements to a public space in central Manchester (the United Kingdom). Observation data ( n = 22,956) and surveys (subsample = 212) were collected over two 3-week periods. The intervention brought significant and substantial increases in liveliness of the space and well-being activities. None of these activities showed increases in a control space during the same periods. The findings demonstrate the feasibility of the research methods, and the impact of improved quality of outdoor neighborhood space on liveliness and well-being activities. The local community also played a key role in conceiving of and delivering an effective and affordable intervention. The findings have implications for researchers, policy makers, and communities alike.

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Evolution of e-participation in Greek local government

Information Polity ◽

10.3233/ip-190174 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Constantina Costopoulou ◽

Maria Ntaliani ◽

Filotheos Ntalianis

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Big Data ◽

Local Government ◽

Local Governments ◽

Local Community ◽

New Technologies ◽

Mobile Apps ◽

Digital Technologies ◽

Decision Making Processes ◽

The Impact

Local governments are increasingly developing electronic participation initiatives, expecting citizen involvement in local community affairs. Our objective was to assess e-participation and the extent of its change in local government in Greece. Using content analysis for 325 Greek municipal websites, we assessed e-participation status in 2017 and 2018 and examined the impact of change between these years. The assessment regards two consecutive years since the adoption of digital technologies by municipalities has been rapid. The main findings show that Greek local governments have made significant small- to medium-scale changes, in order to engage citizens and local societies electronically. We conclude that the integration of advanced digital technologies in municipalities remains underdeveloped. We propose that Greek municipalities need to consider incorporating new technologies, such as mobile apps, social media and big data, as well as e-decision making processes, in order to eliminate those obstacles that hinder citizen engagement in local government. Moreover, the COVID-19 outbreak has highlighted the need for enhancing e-participation and policymakers’ coordination through advanced digital technologies.

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Ensuring food security amid the spread of COVID-19

Ekonomika APK ◽

10.32317/2221-1055.202107016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 321 (7) ◽

pp. 16-27

Author(s):

Mykola Pugachov ◽

Olha Khodakivska ◽

Oleksandr Shpykuliak ◽

Nataliia Patyka ◽

Olena Hryschenko

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Food Products ◽

The State ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Economic Science ◽

Political Factors ◽

Healthy Nutrition ◽

Economic Methods ◽

Force Majeure ◽

The Impact

The purpose of the article is to carry out an analytical assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the level of food security in Ukraine. Research methods. The research was based on general scientific and economic methods, the creative heritage of the founders of economic science, publications of Ukrainian and foreign scientists on the impact of quarantine restrictions related to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic on the level of food security of the country, regulatory legal acts, data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, electronic resources and other sources. The monographic approach is used to analyze the dynamics of the actual consumption of agri-food products and the level of food independence for individual agri-food products. Normative and positive approaches are used to highlight real risks and threats to food security. A number of techniques of abstract-logical tools made it possible to make a scientific and applied generalization of the material presented, to formulate intermediate and final conclusions and proposals. Research results. An analytical assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the consumption of agri-food products and the level of food independence for individual agri-food products has been carried out. It has been proven that Ukraine produces enough food to ensure healthy nutrition for citizens. It has been determined that due to the low purchasing power of the population, groups of citizens with low incomes have limited access to essential agricultural and food products. In the medium and long term, there will be a shortage of food resources and global food inflation, the situation in agricultural markets will remain unstable, and trade will continue to develop under the influence of not only competition, but also political factors. Scientific novelty. The theoretical and methodological provisions, scientific, methodological and practical approaches to determining the factors of influence of quarantine measures and the spread of COVID-19 to the level of food security of the state have been substantiated. Assessing the impact of quarantine measures and the spread of COVID-19 on food security made it possible to identify the main risks of ensuring the country's food security. Practical significance. The applied aspects of the study can be taken into account in the formation of programs for the socio-economic development of the agri-food sector of Ukraine, which will increase the effectiveness of state initiatives aimed at ensuring food security of the state and increase the country's readiness for force majeure threats. Tabl.: 7. Figs.: 3. Refs.: 17.

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People aged 60 and over - a challenge and an opportunity for the Polish social policy

Praca Socjalna ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0014.8738 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 143-159

Author(s):

Józef Młyński

Keyword(s):

Social Policy ◽

Old Age ◽

Local Community ◽

Senior Citizens ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Local Policy ◽

Ageing Society ◽

Important Place ◽

The Social ◽

The Impact

In an ageing society, over-60s’ problems take an important place in the social policy. The State should be prepared for various implications, both positive and negative, of the ageing of the population, and should treat the potential problems of citizens as a challenge and an opportunity for the development of social policy, and within its framework, the policy aimed at the senior citizens. The senior citizens, by all means, constitute an important age group. This type of policy should be focused on both early and late old age people, addressing their different needs and expectations. This article attempts to show the challenges and the role of social policy addressed to the seniors, both at the early and late old age, especially at the local community level. The impact of the article is analysed in the three dimensions described, i.e. a brief outline of the ageing of the population from a demographic perspective, social policy towards seniors at the early and late old age, the challenge the 60 and over pose to the local policy versus their resources.

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