Brave New World

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
Olga B. Koshovets ◽  
Igor E. Frolov ◽  

The article focuses on the crucial changes that science as an established social institution and an epistemological enterprise is undergoing, the key one is the loss of its monopoly on the production of socially useful knowledge and gradual transformation into something new, which, due to institutional and cultural reasons, we continue to call ‘science’. We suppose that the most appropriate conceptualization of the new phenomenon, which is replacing science as an institution, is “technoscience”, since the technical component in scientific practices has now taken a dominant position and technology production has become more important than fundamental knowledge. Technoscience has at least two sources: 1) capitalization of scientific activity that has led to classical science has been replaced with technoscience developing on first-priority funded applied research; 2) theorization and autonomy of the techno sphere, which have resulted in instrumentalization of all levels of knowledge production as well as in technological / symbolic construction of reality and tangled ontology of technoscientific objects. We discuss both of these sources, with particular attention being paid to such trends as epistemic strategies transformation, modified reality, social sciences and humanities conformation to technoscience norms, and knowledge bearers egalitarianization. A crucial transformation of both science itself and its position in society breaks inevitably a demarcation line that separates scientific knowledge from other types of knowledge while promotes the replacement of scientific theory with discourses. Apparently, in “technoscience” an ethos of its own is being formed, where interaction with the “external environment” (with other social spheres) is crucial. In this context, scientific activity is becoming more and more transepistemic, transinstitutional practice, and accordingly ceases to be guided by the classical scientific ethos determined by the goals and objectives of academic community itself.

2021 ◽  
pp. 207-213
Author(s):  
E. S. Nesterenko

The relevance of scientific research on the specifics of the institutional environment for the development of the Institute of Science in the Russian Federation is associated with the rapid development of the digital economy, in which the development of science is becoming the most important factor in ensuring Russia's competitiveness on the world stage. The author conducted a comprehensive study of the specifics of the institutional environment of the development of the Institute of Science in the Russian Federation. The article studies the stages of formation and development of science as a certain social institution. The paper presents the criteria of institutionalization and it is established that the Institute of Science meets them. The study highlights the purpose and functions of science as a social institution. The paper also proposes the institutional environment for the functioning of the Institute of Science, taking into account the state and the individual as an integral part of successful development. The author concludes that science as a social institution is a self-organizing, self-regulating and self-developing system based on the realization of human potential through special tools of scientific activity and special organizations and aimed at the production and dissemination of scientific knowledge.


2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Силантьева ◽  
Margarita Silanteva

The development of science as a social institution, as well as its interaction with diplomacy, now spawned a number of “hybrid” forms of promoting the unification of the capacity of each of these areas to address specific social and political problems of contemporary culture. Against the background clotting own potential natural science research programs in a number of countries who spoke first among the leaders of the world of science (especially physics) especially interesting are dynamics of the changing role of the scientist in the paradigm of post-nonclassical science. Italy from this point of view is a unique platform where the tradition of classical education, the political process and the modern European strategy received a particular orientation towards the sphere of application of this bias potential in the communications area. And, above all, scientific communication (including, in particular, diplomatic communications). Using biographical method based on the publicly available reference information helps to change perspectives in the analysis of the formation of philosophical and cultural foundations of such type of science diplomacy as “diplomacy of scientists”. The fate of prominent scientists (such as Bruno Pontecorvo) and less well-known figures in science, has been included in the activities of international organizations, there are no less revealing than the fate of those who did not rise to the top of science, becoming invisible “cog” in the wheel of history. Science diplomacy thus can be considered at least in two aspects. On the one hand, as “science for diplomacy” — in terms of general cultural potential of science education and scientific activity itself, deducing scientists to the level of diplomatic work. On the other — as a public diplomacy in the framework of “cultural diplomacy” does not lead to a certain status and rank, but enables to solve issues within the scientific community, is an important group communicator in international relations. The questions are appropriate to consider in the light of the idea of the creative potential of science education, the prospects of its impact on the productivity of thinking in the application of social and cultural practices based, inter alia, on the communicative competence. But even more important is the approach exposing the fundamental importance of education of any type for the formation of a mature personality, capable to realize itself in the solution of various problems with weighty social significance.


Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
pp. 2496
Author(s):  
Genaro de Gamboa ◽  
Edelmira Badillo ◽  
Digna Couso ◽  
Conxita Márquez

In this research, we explored the potential of using a research-based teaching and learning sequence to promote pupils’ engagement in practices that are coherent with those of real world mathematical and scientific activity. This STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematis) sequence was designed and implemented by pre-service teachers and science and mathematics education researchers with the aim of modeling the growth of a real population of rabbits. Results show explicit evidence of pupils’ engagement in relevant mathematical and scientific practices, as well as detailed descriptions of mathematical connections that emerged from those practices. We discuss how these practices and connections allowed the progressive construction of models, and the implications that this proposal may have for STEM task design and for the analysis of extra-mathematical connections.


2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
Leon Miodoński

Wroclaw’s Neo-Kantian Manifesto of Jacob FreudenthalThe initial part of the article focuses on the presentation of Jacob Freudenthal, his scientific activity and scientific achievements. The central point of the article is the analysis of the solemn speech that Jacob Freudenthal gave in front of the academic community of Wrocław on the hundredth anniversary of Immanuel Kant’s death. This speech — but also his didactic activity popularizing Kantian thought — was important because it gave rise to the relatively late Neo-Kantianism of Wrocław which was developed more extensively — after Freudenthal’s death — thanks to Richard Honigswald. Neo-Kantianism opposed the prevailing Kantian idealism and experimental psychology at the University of Wrocław.


2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Fajar Iqbal

Campus is a miniature community heterogeneity. We can find a diversity of individuals and groups in the dynamics of the campus that are relatively complex. The uniqueness of the campus is also felt by the presence of the academic community are different in purpose and the way to achieve that goal in every interaction between them. Especially for students, this difference can be sourced from a background influenced by family, ethnic, social, and economic before their presence in university life. One campus has a unique advantage which is typical UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta. Positioning this campus who use Islam label makes this campus has an environment and atmosphere that is unique compared to other campuses. The research focused on students in the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities have found that the students experienced various conflicts in cultural adaptation in the environment UIN Sunan Kalijaga. Starting from intrapersonal conflict to conflict in interpersonal and intergroup dynamics that occur.


2020 ◽  
pp. 70-85
Author(s):  
Galina Markina ◽  
◽  
Mikhail Shley ◽  
Olga Kuznetcova ◽  
Sergey Stafeev ◽  
...  

This article deals with issues of assessing the scientific activity of teams of performers when submitting applications to scientific funds. The purpose of the study is to develop new approaches to the use of scientometric indicators to assess the scientific potential of university teams when submitting applications to scientific foundations. Methodological foundations of the research: a systematic approach (considers science as a social institution in an indissoluble connection with society as a whole), a metasystem approach (considers the results of scientific activity as a metasystem, that is, a system with relatively independent components), a probabilistic-statistical approach (considers research activity as a probabilistic process), qualimetric approach (considers the productivity of scientific activity as a latent variable, reflected by a set of criteria). As a result, the authors proposed: an information model of the relationship between the requirements for a scientific project by the customer, and the level of compliance of the scientific potential of the team of performers and a methodology for assessing the scientific potential of the team of performers when applying for the competition. The information model forms the basis of the developed information system for supporting the project activities of ITMO University, which serves to improve the process and increase the efficiency of preparation of draft applications submitted by the university. The proposed methodology is implemented using scientometric indicators, through software algorithms for automated assessment of scientific potential. In the course of an experimental study, the authors have shown that the proposed approaches correlate with the effectiveness of participation in competitions. The proposed solutions have been successfully integrated into the ITMO University, management system.


Author(s):  
Manuel Martínez Nicolás ◽  
Enric Saperas ◽  
Ángel Carrasco-Campos

Tras su institucionalización a comienzos de la década de los 70 con la creación de las primeras facultades de Ciencias de la Información, la investigación española sobre comunicación se consolida como ámbito disciplinar desde los años 90 con la multiplicación de la oferta de estos estudios en la universidad española, que propicia un crecimiento exponencial de la comunidad académica y de la producción científica en este campo. El ingente esfuerzo de metainvestigación realizado en la última década, centrado especialmente en las revistas especializadas, y en menor medida en las tesis doctorales, está permitiendo reconstruir aspectos relevantes de la investigación comunicativa en España en este periodo, pero sin atender de manera suficiente a aquellos elementos que nos permitirían realizar un diagnóstico de la orientación epistemológica general que haya seguido la actividad científica en este ámbito. Este trabajo pretende contribuir en esa dirección mediante un análisis de contenido de una muestra de 1.098 artículos publicados entre 1990 y 2014 por seis revistas españolas especializadas de referencia, con el propósito de describir la evolución de los objetos de estudio y de los dispositivos metodológicos de la investigación española sobre comunicación en este periodo. Los resultados indican la progresiva diversificación de los objetos de estudio; la preeminencia de los trabajos sobre contenidos mediáticos, con una desatención creciente de la dimensión institucional del sistema comunicativo (empresas, profesionales, mercados, políticas públicas, etc.); el decaimiento de la investigación teórica; la mejora paulatina de la calidad metodológica de los trabajos empíricos publicados; y el predominio, cada vez más acusado, de la investigación cuantitativa, y especialmente de los análisis de contenido realizados sobre documentos de origen mediático (noticias, anuncios, series televisivas, etc.). Las tendencias observadas son discutidas apelando al impacto que hayan podido tener en la investigación española sobre comunicación los cambios experimentados por el sistema comunicativo (crecimiento del sector, advenimiento de la digitalización, etc.) y por el renovado contexto institucional (autonomización de las titulaciones de comunicación, implantación del programa Academia de acreditación del profesorado universitario) en el que ha venido desarrollándose la actividad científica en este ámbito disciplinar en el último cuarto de siglo.After its institutionalisation during the early 1970s through the creation of the first faculties of Communication Sciences, Spanish communication research consolidates as a disciplinary field in the 1990s. During this period, the increasing number of universities degrees on communication studies led to an exponential growth of the academic community and, so, of the scientific production in the field. The enormous efforts of meta-research carried out in the last decade, specially focused on the study of peer-reviewed journals, and to lesser extent of PhD theses, have allowed the reconstruction of some relevant aspects of the current communication research in Spain. Nevertheless, these studies have not considered sufficiently those elements which would allow to identify the general epistemological orientation followed by the scientific activity in the field of communication. This paper intends to contribute to this research line. For this purpose, a content analysis has been applied to a sample of 1098 papers published between 1990 and 2014 by six major peer-reviewed communication journals, in order to observe the evolution of the objects of study and the methodological procedures in Spanish communication research during this period. The results show a progressive diversification of the objects of study, the pre-eminence of the studies on media content, a growing neglect of the institutional dimension of the media system (companies, professionals, markets, public policies, etc.), a decreasing interest on theoretical research, a gradual improvement of the methodological standards of empirical research, and a growing dominance of quantitative research, specially by means of content analysis applied to media documents (news, advertisements, television series, etc.). The observed trends are put for discussion considering the consequences that could have be generated on Spanish communication research by the changes of the media system (the growth of the communication sector, the advent of digitalization, etc.) and  by the updated institutional context (the autonomy of university degrees in communication studies, the implementation of the Academia teaching acreditation programme) on which scientific activity has deveolped over the past 25 years.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1807-1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiru Nagatsu ◽  
Taylor Davis ◽  
C. Tyler DesRoches ◽  
Inkeri Koskinen ◽  
Miles MacLeod ◽  
...  

Abstract Sustainability science seeks to extend scientific investigation into domains characterized by a distinct problem-solving agenda, physical and social complexity, and complex moral and ethical landscapes. In this endeavor, it arguably pushes scientific investigation beyond its usual comfort zones, raising fundamental issues about how best to structure such investigation. Philosophers of science have long scrutinized the structure of science and scientific practices, and the conditions under which they operate effectively. We propose a critical engagement between sustainability scientists and philosophers of science with respect to how to engage in scientific activity in these complex domains. We identify specific issues philosophers of science raise concerning current sustainability science and the contributions philosophers can make to resolving them. In conclusion, we reflect on the steps philosophers of science could take to advance sustainability science.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-318
Author(s):  
Viktoria M. Marasanova ◽  
◽  
Yulia A. Krivosheeva ◽  

The article considers the extensive practical experience in implementing the sociocultural project dedicated to the identification, presentation, actualization and popularization of the tangible and intangible historical and cultural heritage associated with the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in the Yaroslavl region. The project “St. Nicholas. Yaroslavl Heritage” has been carried out since 2016 with the support of the Yaroslavl Historical Museum, Yaroslavl Art Museum and Moscow Kremlin Museums which have been constant partners of P. G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University in the implementation of socially significant initiatives for many years. The modern museum has become an active participant in public life making its visitors focus on urgent issues. The implementation of sociocultural projects within the museum space has allowed not only to present the conducted academic research in an attractive format accessible to the target audience, but also to use all possible mechanisms to achieve socially significant goals and objectives set during the project. The activity of museum specialists and the academic community, architects, journalists and historic preservation activists, on studying the heritage connected with the name of St. Nicholashas covered a wide range of theoretical issues in the field of protection of historical and cultural monuments, and also made it possible to implement a number of practical measures to preserve the St. Nicholas heritage within the Yaroslavl region. The appeal to acute and topical issues of the existence of monuments has contributed to the growth of public and government interest in the fate of unique objects of religious architecture, fine art and urban toponymy. This has allowed for the interaction of various parties, participants in the sociocultural project, and also has made it possible to create a special dialogue and communication space on the basis of the Yaroslavl Historical Museum.


Author(s):  
Larisa P. Kiyashchenko ◽  
◽  
Anastasia V. Golofast ◽  

Nowadays, the problematization of a person as an unfinished project takes place as a cross-cutting thematization of the interdisciplinary approach, which presupposes a holistic, complex study that «throws light on both the meaning of all scientific activity and the unified basis of the mechanisms of imagination operating here» (G. Holton). The article draws attention to the peculiarities of project activity, its aspiration for the possible embodiment of a community of interests in solving urgent problems. The creative complementarity of the personal and the collective as well as internal and external factors in the changing norms and values of the scientific community is reshaping the ethos of communication and understanding. The agenda includes the need to address the current ambivalence of scientific communication taking into account the response to the demands of society to work out the updated principles of assembling scientific teams based on trust and solidarity. The procreative, generative function of scientific activity is prescribed in the context of team building. The problematization of the academic community assembly is growing as it is becoming more open and accountable to society. The culture of skills of critical but empathic mutual trust in communication is actualized, this trust including the heuristics of the scientific dispute of the interest-based ethos. Repetitive successful practices of pro-creative communication can, over time, acquire the character of an institutionally formed tradition, a conventionally fixed norm of creative cooperation. The authors suggest the possibility of achieving this goal grounded not only on the primary impulse of the community of interest but on prolonged communication strategies. The basis for such an outcome is the symmetrical contribution of participants in problem-oriented scientific communication to the achievement of the collective good in the form of innovative approaches to solving fundamental problems of our time which have confirmed practical application in multiple specific cases. Convergence of expectations resulting from the emergence of trust in the ethos of the scientific community can be built «in between» behavioral choice options in the ternary matrix of «loyalty–voice–exit». The preadaptive academic activity of the group can be sustainable in the presence of «protective valves» channeling dissatisfaction with the parameters of order, renewed understanding and communication patterns in the project activity of the group.


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