The effects of pH and growing medium type on the susceptibility of Moringa oleifera to fungal diseases during seedling emergence

The creation of original seed grains of the Charoite variety, healed of pathogenic infections of various etiologies, was carried out through reproduction of the certified meristematic material of the microplants class. Mini tubers microplants were grown in 5.5 liter vessels on a “Agrobalt S” soil (control) mixed with peat and supplemented with 10% and 20% (of the volume) of the “ORVI” substrate. The use of the substrate “ORVI” mixed with peat and “Agrobalt S” soil positively influenced the growth, development and formation of tubers. The appliance of 10% of the “ORVI” substrate significantly increased the quantitative yield of mini tubers by 17% and the weight of tubers by 12.3%. The increase in the total number of mini tubers was due to the increase in tuber fraction from 10 to 30 mm. The appliance of a 20% “ORVI” substrate also led to an increase in the total number and mass of mini tubers. According to the EIA results, the mini tubers grown from microplants did not contain any latent viral infection. Tests on the seeds did not reveal symptoms of fungal diseases. Keywords: breed, potatoes, mini tubers, mass of tubers, peat fertilizer, substrate

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GROWTH AND YIELD RESPONSE OF FOLIAR APPLICATION WITH MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAF EXTRACT ON OKRO

RA Journal Of Applied Research ◽

10.47191/rajar/v6i12.01 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 06 (12) ◽

Author(s):

AKILAPA, TEMITOPE PETER ◽

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Yield Response ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Growing Medium ◽

Number Of Leaves

The use of chemical fertilizers to improve soil fertility, and hence, crop yield, have been reported to have adverse effects on agricultural products, man and his environment, hence, this research looked into the growth and yield response of foliar application with Moringa oleifera leaf extract on Okro. Different concentrations of Moringa leaf extracts at the rate of 5ml, 15ml and 25ml was assessed on the growth and yield of Okro using topsoil as the growing medium. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Growth and yield parameters were collected on plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of fruits per plant, and length of fruit per plant. Parameters measured were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% probability level. The results showed that the treatment with 25ml concentration has a more significant effect than others on Okro. Therefore, treatment with 25ml performed better than the other two treatments in the study area. Hence, this study recommends the foliar application of Moringa extract to farmers for improved yield and production of Okro.

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PARAMETER EFFECTS OF PH, DOSAGE AND CONTACT TIME ON BORON REMOVAL FROM SYNTHETIC SEA WATER USING MORINGA OLEIFERA SEEDS

IIUM Engineering Journal ◽

10.31436/iiumej.v21i2.1203 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 12-24

Author(s):

Mohammed Saedi Jami ◽

Nur Syahirah Zakaria ◽

Moussa Ahmed ◽

Nik Rashida Nik Abdul Ghani ◽

Mohammed Ngabura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Contact Time ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Sea Water ◽

Ph Value ◽

Saline Water ◽

Human Life ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

Human Beings ◽

Adsorption Parameters ◽

Effects Of Ph

Boron is one of the key elements required in flora, fauna, as well as human beings. However, human life and eco-systems could be seriously affected when exposed to excessive levels of boron, especially in seawater and groundwater. In this work Moringa oleifera was selected as a precursor adsorbent owing to its eco-friendliness characteristics and favourable removal efficiency of adsorbates. Besides, M. oleifera does not significantly affect the conductivity of water and pH value after the treatment. The main aim of this work was to investigate the potentiality of M. oleifera in the treatment of boron from contaminated saline water. The effect of adsorption parameters such as pH (7 - 9), adsorbent dose of 4000 – 8000 mg/L of solution and contact time of 60 – 180 min was thoroughly investigated. Face-centred Central Composite Design (FCCCD) was applied to optimize these parameters. Consequently, the highest percentage of removal (65%) was achieved at the pH of 8, 120 min of contact time and 6000 mg/L of adsorbent dosage. The adsorption studies stated that the adsorption fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm. Therefore, the outcome of this work revealed that boron could be significantly treated using a prepared adsorbent from M. oleifera. ABSTRAK: Boron merupakan salah satu elemen yang diperlukan oleh flora, fauna, juga manusia. Walau bagaimanapun, hidup manusia dan ekosistem pasti terkesan apabila di dedahkan secara berlebihan, terutama pada air di lautan dan daratan. Kajian ini menggunakan Moringa oleifera sebagai penjerap kerana ia mempunyai ciri-ciri mesra dan berkesan membuang bahan terjerap dengan berkesan. Selain itu, M. oleifera tidak langsung memberi kesan kepada konduktiviti air dan nilai pH selepas perawatan. Tujuan utama kajian ini adalah mengkaji potensi M. oleifera dalam larutan rawatan air garam boron yang tercemar. Kesan parameter penjerapan seperti pH (7-9), dos penjerapan 4000 – 8000 mg/L larutan dan masa interaksi 60 – 180 minit di kaji dengan teliti. Kaedah Komposisi Tumpuan Tengah Muka (FCCCD) digunakan bagi mengoptimumkan parameter-parameter ini. Hasilnya, peratus tertinggi penyingkiran adalah sebanyak (65%) pada pH 8, 120 min masa interaksi dan 6000 mg/L dos penjerapan. Kesimpulannya, kajian penjerapan ini menyokong kuat teori isoterma Freundlich. Oleh itu, hasil kajian ini menunjukkan boron dapat dirawat dengan menggunakan larutan penjerapan daripada M. oleifera.

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Antimicrobial properties of Moringa oleifera extracts on blueberry postharvest fungal diseases

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2021.1306.42 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 329-334

Author(s):

A. Nkanzela ◽

S.Z. Tesfay ◽

N.C. Mbili ◽

A. Mditshwa ◽

L.S. Magwaza

Keyword(s):

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Fungal Diseases

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Effects of Growing Medium Type and Predator:Prey Ratio on Rove Beetle, Dalotia coriaria (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), Adult Predation on Fungus Gnat, Bradysia sp. nr. coprophila (Diptera: Sciaridae), Larvae

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci13268-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (10) ◽

pp. 1441-1446 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nathan J. Herrick ◽

Raymond A. Cloyd

Keyword(s):

Production Systems ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Greenhouse Production ◽

Rove Beetles ◽

Greenhouse Experiments ◽

Rove Beetle ◽

Growing Medium ◽

Fungus Gnat ◽

Medium Type

Fungus gnats, Bradysia spp. (Diptera: Sciaridae), are major insect pests because the larvae can directly damage plants grown in greenhouse production systems. In general, insecticides are commonly used to suppress fungus gnat larval populations. However, the rove beetle, Dalotia coriaria (Kraatz) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), a commercially available predator of insect pests, including fungus gnat larvae, may be an alternative to using insecticides. Growing medium selection used for growing plants can influence insect pest and predator interactions in greenhouse production systems; however, quantitative information is limited. Therefore, we conducted greenhouse experiments and a laboratory experiment to determine the effects of growing medium type on D. coriaria adult predation and fungus gnat, Bradysia. sp. nr. coprophila (Lintner) (Diptera: Sciaridae), larval survival when feeding on the roots of coleus, Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd, plants. In addition, experiments were conducted to determine the number of rove beetle adults, based on predator:prey ratios, needed to regulate fungus gnat larval populations. In all three experiments, fewer fungus gnat larvae survived in Pro-Mix BX than the Berger BM1 growing medium, and rove beetles reduced the number of fungus gnat larvae in both growing media in the greenhouse experiments. Although predator:prey ratio was not significant, we found that 10 rove beetle adults per 15.2-cm diameter container (1834.82 cm3 with 2.0 L of growing medium) regulated fungus gnat larval populations at the densities investigated. Therefore, greenhouse producers should consider the effects of production practices, such as growing medium type, when using rove beetles to regulate fungus gnat larval populations.

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A Horticultural Medium Established from the Rapid Removal of Phytotoxins from Winery Grape Marc

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae5040069 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 69 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Olejar ◽

Vandermeer ◽

Fedrizzi ◽

Kilmartin

Keyword(s):

Seedling Emergence ◽

Extraction Procedure ◽

Extended Period ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Suitable Alternative ◽

Daucus Carota L ◽

Grape Marc ◽

Growing Medium ◽

Rapid Removal ◽

Water Holding

Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) marc has long been utilized as a compost feedstock. However, this process takes an extended period of time due to the phytotoxic chemical composition of the marc. Removal of these compounds presents an opportunity to utilize the grape marc as a growing medium. Following a water-based extraction procedure to remove polyphenolic compounds of interest, analysis of the depleted marc showed a decrease in the content of these compounds, and in nutrient and trace element levels. Carrot (Daucus carota L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) seedling emergence in the depleted marc and blends with compost were not adversely affected, demonstrating its effectiveness for growing plants at all ratios. A 50:50 blend of compost and depleted grape marc resulted in plant growth equivalent to the compost alone. This combined with the observed water holding capacity suggests that depleted grape marc, when blended with compost, can be a suitable alternative to peat or coconut coir for seedlings.

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In vitro Antifungal Activity of Extracts of Moringa oleifera on Phytopathogenic Fungi Affecting Carica papaya

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2021.6794 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (A) ◽

pp. 1081-1085

Author(s):

Margaret Oniha ◽

Angela Eni ◽

Olayemi Akinnola ◽

Emmanuel Adedayo Omonigbehin ◽

Eze Frank Ahuekwe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽

Fungal Diseases ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Economic Losses

BACKGROUND: Plants remain the natural sources of efficacious phytonutrients with beneficial assets to mankind against microbial disorders. Diverse folklores have reported the roles of medicinal plants in the remedies of various disorders in man and animals. Metabolites and pesticides from the plant origin are considered better alternatives due to favorable environmental impact as compared to the synthetic counterparts. Significant economic losses and hindrance of global papaya production are due to fungal diseases. Phytochemicals have made medicinal plants become sources of environmentally friendly alternative antimicrobials. AIM: This study aimed at assessing the antifungal activity of leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera against phytopathogenic fungi isolated from Carica papaya. METHODS: n-Hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, and aqueous extracts of M. oleifera leaves were evaluated for their antifungal properties. Agar well-diffusion method was implemented for in vitro screening, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the extract types against fungal species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus, and Trichoderma. RESULTS: All the extracts evaluated inhibited fungal growth to some degree, with the aqueous extract exhibiting more inhibitory activities than the organic extracts. There was significant inhibition of fungal development by the tested plant extracts at different concentrations. MIC of the extracts was 15.625 mg/ml while the MFC values ranged between 15.625 and 31.25. In this work, the antifungal activity of M. oleifera was found to be equal or higher than commercially available fungicide, ketoconazole. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that foliole extracts of M. oleifera have potential for use as biofungicides for plant protection against fungal diseases.

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Effect of pH and inhibitors on beta-amyloid fibril assembly

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100166221 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 752-753

Author(s):

Beverly E. Maleeff ◽

Timothy K. Hart ◽

Stephen J. Wood ◽

Ronald Wetzel

Keyword(s):

Amyloid Fibril ◽

Peptide Fragment ◽

Hydrophobic Peptides ◽

Amyloid Fibril Formation ◽

Effects Of Ph ◽

Severity Of The Disease ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

The Brain

Alzheimer's disease is characterized post-mortem in part by abnormal extracellular neuritic plaques found in brain tissue. There appears to be a correlation between the severity of Alzheimer's dementia in vivo and the number of plaques found in particular areas of the brain. These plaques are known to be the deposition sites of fibrils of the protein β-amyloid. It is thought that if the assembly of these plaques could be inhibited, the severity of the disease would be decreased. The peptide fragment Aβ, a precursor of the p-amyloid protein, has a 40 amino acid sequence, and has been shown to be toxic to neuronal cells in culture after an aging process of several days. This toxicity corresponds to the kinetics of in vitro amyloid fibril formation. In this study, we report the biochemical and ultrastructural effects of pH and the inhibitory agent hexadecyl-N-methylpiperidinium (HMP) bromide, one of a class of ionic micellar detergents known to be capable of solubilizing hydrophobic peptides, on the in vitro assembly of the peptide fragment Aβ.

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