scholarly journals Spatial and transport development along European corridors: Strengthening the capacity of local stakeholders in transnational cooperation

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-364
Author(s):  
Pablo Acebillo
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
The World ◽  
Transnational Cooperation ◽  
Local Stakeholders ◽  
Demographic Performance ◽  
Different Levels

Integrated spatial and transport corridor development is one of the strategies to affect trade, economic and demographic performance in linear systems around the world. However, such development can be elaborated at different levels: from exploring the dynamics of transnational cooperation, across analysing the extent of integration between spatial and transport policies within the states along the corridor, to focusing on the role of local stakeholders in supranational issues. Since this paper presents the initial phase of the European project on transnational cooperation in the domain of integrated spatial and transport development along the Hamburg-Athens corridor, the paper aims at providing a scientific-based overview on the mentioned corridor in the frame of an infrastructure programme initiated by the European Commission. The character of the paper is mainly descriptive thus elucidating the ongoing research being conducted through the mentioned project. For this purpose, the multi-scalar perspective (i.e. global, regional, local) is used to analyse several indicators regarding the trade, economy and demography. Such a thorough overview is believed to provide a better examination of the current situation. Some general recommendations for strengthening the role of local authorities in a complex process of transnational cooperation are briefly given in the final part of the paper.

scholarly journals The Hierarchy of Walking Needs and the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7461
Author(s):  
Mohammad Paydar ◽  
Asal Kamani Fard
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Current Context ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Different Levels

More than 150 cities around the world have expanded emergency cycling and walking infrastructure to increase their resilience in the face of the COVID 19 pandemic. This tendency toward walking has led it to becoming the predominant daily mode of transport that also contributes to significant changes in the relationships between the hierarchy of walking needs and walking behaviour. These changes need to be addressed in order to increase the resilience of walking environments in the face of such a pandemic. This study was designed as a theoretical and empirical literature review seeking to improve the walking behaviour in relation to the hierarchy of walking needs within the current context of COVID-19. Accordingly, the interrelationship between the main aspects relating to walking-in the context of the pandemic- and the different levels in the hierarchy of walking needs were discussed. Results are presented in five sections of “density, crowding and stress during walking”, “sense of comfort/discomfort and stress in regard to crowded spaces during walking experiences”, “crowded spaces as insecure public spaces and the contribution of the type of urban configuration”, “role of motivational/restorative factors during walking trips to reduce the overload of stress and improve mental health”, and “urban design interventions on arrangement of visual sequences during walking”.

Redifining Gender Role During Wartime: Power Relations, Disparities and Impacts

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Made Fitri Padmi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Gender Construction ◽  
The World ◽  
Gender Perspectives ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Specific Impact

AbstrakKarya tulis ini mencoba untuk membuat suatu hubungan antara manusia dan peperangan, dan menganalisa peran dari suatu gender dalam masa perang. Perspektif gender memiliki peran yang signifikan, tidak hanya dalam membentuk dan menjalankan perang, tetapi juga terhadap dampak dari perang. Di berbagai budaya, masyarakat menentukan perannya berdasarkan perbedaan gender, termasuk di dalamnya peran masyarakat pada masa perang. Perang dan militarisasi dipandang sebagai produk maskulin, dan juga bagaimana “memaskulinkan” masyarakat. Sedangkan, Feminisme membawa perspektif yang berbeda untuk memahami peperangan. Pasifis atau karakter damai dari perempuan digunakan untuk menganalisa perdamaian pasca perang. Sebagai hasil, tulisan ini berpendapat bawah suatu hal yang penting untuk memberikan pemahaman yang lebih baik bahwa peperangan bukanlah fenomena yang bebas dari atribut gender. Peperangan juga berperan besar dalam mengkonstuksi hubungan antar gender.Kata kunci: Gender, Feminisme, Maskulinitas, Perang, Militerisasi.AbstractThis paper tries to make correlation between war and people, and to analyse the role of gender perspectives during wartime. Gender perspective plays a significant role not only in shaping and executing warfare, but also in giving the specific impact of war. In many cultures in the world, people determine social roles based on gender disparities, including roles during wartime. War and militarisation are products of the masculine and, at the same time, means of masculinizing people. However, Feminism bring different levels of perspectives on how to understand the war. Pacific or peace characteristics of women are often used to analyse the peace prospect after war. As result, this paper argues that, it is a significant attempt to create better understanding that war is not gender neutral. War plays a massive role in gender construction and impacts greatly on gender relations.Keywords: Gender, Feminism, Masculinity, War, Militarisation

scholarly journals The Role of Entrepreneurship Activity in Economic Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi Jaymin Sanchaniya ◽  
◽  
Ineta Geipele ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
General Expectation ◽  
Different Levels

The paper presents a summary of the literature on the significance and importance of entrepreneurship to economic growth and development. Entrepreneurship has been shown to have been seen to lead to an overall optimistic development in many economic data. There is a general expectation that this inquiry would address the question of whether there is a correlation between the entrepreneurial enterprise and economic growth. In countries with various economic groups, different citizens are classed due to how much wealth they have. The data used in this paper were extracted from the World Bank, the World Entrepreneurship Monitor (WEM) over the last five years, and the World Economic Forum has a Database of Worldwide businesses. However, in low-middle- and middle-income nations, growth-oriented entrepreneurship is associated with economic progress. Analysis of various countries and different levels of economic growth, so it can be claimed that entrepreneurship serves a special position.

scholarly journals Psychological Well-being of Students with Different Levels of Role Victimization

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
E.S. Polishchuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Type ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Levels

of psychological well-being features in students with different levels of role victimization. Role victimization shall be understood to mean such a strategy of victim relations, which is based on the individual predisposition to produce a particular playing or social type of victim behavior (playing and social role of the victim) (M.A. Odintsova). The article presents the analysis of psychological well-being of students with different levels of role victimization (N = 82, average age 21 years). "Auto-viktim» (N = 28), "victim» (N = 31), "non-viktim» (N = 23) groups were formed according to the level and nature of manifestations of the role victimization, and a comparative analysis of the level of psychological well-being and perception of the image of the world in these groups was made. The study shows that while level of role victimization increases, psychological well-being of students reduces and negative attitude toward the world forms. "Auto-viktim" students while facing difficulties play the role of victim, and "victim" students use social role. "Non-viktim" students have positive self-esteem, they are optimistic, easy to set goals and reach them. Also the article present an analysis of the peculiarities of the psychological well-being, the perception of image of the world, the level of role victimization in groups of male and female youth.

MULTIDIMENSIONAL IMAGES OF SPACE: REVIEW OF THE VII INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE "GEOGRAPHY OF ART"

2021 ◽  
pp. 194-215
Author(s):  
Olga Lavrenova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Scientific Conference ◽  
The World ◽  
Literary Geography ◽  
Literary Images ◽  
Multidimensional Images ◽  
Different Levels

The international scientific conference «Geography of Art» has been considering the interaction of art and space for many years. The first conference was held in 2009. In 2021, the seventh conference was held in a hybrid format, which allowed scientists from remote places and other countries to be invited. The role of art in shaping the cultural landscape, cartographic, artistic, and literary images of the world, and concepts of space in art were discussed. Art creates the meanings of geographical objects of different levels, «sculpting» the semantic form of urban space. «Genius and Place» is a theme that reveals how artists, writers, and poets re-create the meanings of the places they are associated with. Literary geography and local texts are one of the dimensions of this problem. As usual, the conference was characterized by a broad interdisciplinary approach.

Localism and the reconfiguration of planning’s publics in the landscapes of technocracy

2019 ◽  
pp. 169-180
Author(s):  
Sue Brownill
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Land Use Plan

This chapter explores the role of planning's publics within the emergent technocratic landscapes of planning. It does so by drawing on ongoing research into the localism agenda in England and in particular on neighbourhood planning. Neighbourhood planning was introduced in 2011 as a ‘community right’ to draw up a statutory land-use plan. The chapter explores the extent to which technical and ‘expert’ knowledge and the power of public and private planners is being challenged or displaced by the knowledge, emotions, and actions of citizen planners. As such, the chapter shows that technocratisation is a more varied and complex process than previously thought and that these seeming spaces of de-regulation are not immune to forms of re-regulation which seek to re-create local knowledge to align with technocratic language and purposes.

Foreign Policy: the Realism of Idealism

1952 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas I. Cook ◽  
Malcolm Moos
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
National Interest ◽  
World Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
Differences Of Opinion ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Different Levels

World politics today is admittedly bipolar, and it seems destined to remain so within the foreseeable future. Beset by its sustained tension, Americans have been led to debate, sometimes acrimoniously, the proper foundations, scope, and content of an effective foreign policy. Since presumably the central theme and central purpose of this debate is the definition of what constitutes the American national interest, the first objective is to define the idea of national interest. Thereafter it is necessary to draw proper deductions relevant to the total world situation, and in turn to apply these deductions as policy to the forces there at work. These forces—political, economic, ideological, and military—in their interconnectedness collectively constitute the raw materials for assessment, judgment, planning, and action in our policy-making.Resultant differences of opinion therefore can take place at different levels. Initially there are vastly divergent concepts of the characteristics of a nation, of the role of nations in the world, and of the nature of interests proper to a nation. The scope of these divergencies is often hidden by our tendency to find in the term “national interest” connotations of particularism, of exclusiveness, of the nation as against, or superior to, the rest of the world.

scholarly journals Ethnic entrepreneurship: Do values matter?

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Morris ◽  
Minet Schindehutte ◽  
Jack Lesser
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Ethnic Entrepreneurship ◽  
The World ◽  
Country Culture ◽  
Wealth Generation

While considerable attention has been devoted to the personality traits of entrepreneurs, less attention has been given to their values, especially outside of a Western context. Values are instrumental in the decision to pursue entrepreneurship, and have implications for the entrepreneurʼs approach to creating and managing the venture. The role of values would seem especially relevant in the context of ethnic subcultures. Values traditionally associated with entrepreneurship, such as risk, individualism, competitiveness, wealth generation, and growth, may be more consistent with Western cultures, and may conflict with closely held values within various ethnic subcultures the world over. This article examines the values of entrepreneurs in two ethnic subcultures within South Africa. Findings are reported from interviews with cross-sectional samples of black and colored entrepreneurs. The results indicate entrepreneurs tend to embrace common values regardless of their individual ethnic heritage, but with different underlying patterns. In addition, the entrepreneurial path itself gives rise to certain shared values; and the overarching country culture has a strong influence on value orientations. Implications are drawn from the results, and suggestions made for ongoing research

scholarly journals Consciousness, Culture, and Significance

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Durt
Keyword(s):  
Sense Making ◽  
Husserlian Phenomenology ◽  
Thick Description ◽  
Real Issue ◽  
The World ◽  
Embodied Consciousness ◽  
Cultural Forms ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Different Levels

The chapter offers a new view on consciousness and culture by investigating their relation to significance. Against the widespread restriction of consciousness to phenomenal aspects and that of culture to “thick description,” Durt argues that consciousness discloses aspects of significance, while culture encompasses shared significance as well as the forms of behavior that enact significance. Significance is intersubjective and constantly re-instantiated in new contexts of relevance rather than belonging to single individuals (cf. Gallagher, this volume). It is embedded in the shared world to which we relate by cultural forms of thinking and sense-making. Bringing together insights on the role of consciousness for the constitution of the world from Husserlian phenomenology with those on cultural forms of behavior by Wittgenstein and Ryle, Durt distinguishes different levels of significance accomplished by embodied consciousness and interaction. He explains that the real issue underlying “hybrid” concepts of the mind does not consist in embodied versus disembodied systems of production (cf. Di Paolo and De Jaegher, this volume), but in different levels of significance accomplished by consciousness and culture. Consciousness is embodied on every level, and it integrates different levels of significance.

‘‘Discovery’’ as a site for the collective construction of scientific knowledge

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
KENNETH L. CANEVA
Keyword(s):  
Consensus Formation ◽  
Thought Collective ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Scientific Fact ◽  
A Site ◽  
Creative Role ◽  
Collective Construction

ABSTRACT: Hans Christian ØØrsted and Thomas Johann Seebeck are recognized as the discoverers of electromagnetism and thermoelectricity. Yet what each man believed he had discovered differed markedly from what many contemporaries saw in those discoveries and from subsequent canonized representations of them. The central historical concern of this paper is to track the details of how scientists' understanding of what was discovered in these two cases, as embodied in their preferred language, evolved over time in response to different interests, conceptual preferences, and ontological beliefs. The very concept of discovery, in accordance with which scientists bestow recognition only on someone who has discovered something held to be true of the world, plays an important role in the process of consensus formation by the interacting collectivity of scientists. In its historiographical assessment of such episodes, this study builds upon Thomas Kuhn's recognition that ““discovering a new sort of phenomena is necessarily a complex process which includes recognizing both that something is and what it is””; upon augustine Brannigan's analysis of the social construction of discovery accounts, whereby ““the attribution of discovery is structured……by the perception that the achievement is coherent with existing knowledge in the field””; and upon Ludwik Fleck's analysis of the creative role of an interacting ““thought collective”” in the ““genesis and development of a scientific fact.””

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