The molecular mechanism by which vitamin D protects against COVID-19
The SARS-CoV2 virus, which causes COVID-19, exerts its pathophysiological effect by intensively binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor (ACE2) on the host cells. By blocking the ACE2 receptor, the physiological functions of the cell are inhibited, which are important for the normal function of various organs, and especially for the protection of the lungs. Therefore, the number of functionally active ACE2 receptors is extremely important for the body's resistance to COVID19. More receptors equal greater resistance of the host. An increased number of ACE2 receptors gives the body more time to mobilize an adequate immune response. Experience to date from the immediate fight against COVID19 has confirmed this rule: (A) women are generally more resistant (the ACE2 receptor gene is on the X chromosome, and women have two X chromosomes), (B) younger people are more resistant to the virus (ACE2 expression decreases with age), (C) patients with chronic diseases are more sensitive (have a reduced number of ACE2). Therefore, an increase in the number of ACE2 receptors is extremely important for the body's protective power in the fight against the SARS-CoV2 virus. Vitamin D increases the expression of the ACE2 gene, which increases the number of ACE2 receptors, which can be of significant aid in the fight against COVID-19.