scholarly journals El suicidio infantil, retos de una sociedad global. Tópicos del Trabajo Social

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Jesús Acevedo Alemán
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Young People ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Professional Work ◽  
Child Suicide ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Commit Suicide

Cada año se suicidan casi un millón de personas, lo que supone una tasa de mortalidad global de 16 por 100,000 habitantes; dicho de otra manera, se presenta una muerte cada 40 segundos.  Representando el suicidio una de las tres primeras causas de defunción entre las personas de 15 a 44 años en algunos países, y la segunda causa en el grupo de 10 a 24 años (OMS, 2018). Aunque tradicionalmente las mayores tasas de suicidio se han registrado entre personas mayores de 18 años, las tasas entre los jóvenes y niños han ido en aumento hasta el punto de que ahora estos son el grupo de mayor riesgo en un tercio de los países, tanto en el mundo desarrollado, como en el mundo en desarrollo. En tal sentido, el presente artículo contribuye en la reflexión y análisis de este fenomeno, particularmente en el suicidio infantil, el cual se consideraba anteriomente “poco frecuente” (Durkheim (1965); pero en la actualidad, se ha ido incrementando en México, lo cual requiere de la suma de esfuerzos para su prevención y atención, peor sobredo comvoca a la participacion de los trabajadores sociales desde su quehacer profesional. Nearly one million people commit suicide each year, which represents a global mortality rate of 16 per 100,000 inhabitants; In other words, a death occurs every 40 seconds. Representing suicide one of the first three causes of death among people aged 15 to 44 in some countries, and the second cause in the group of 10 to 24 years (WHO, 2018). Although traditionally the highest suicide rates have been registered among people over 18, the rates among young people and children have been rising to the point that these are now the highest risk group in a third of the countries, both in the developed world, as in the developing world. In this sense, this article contributes to the reflection and analysis of this phenomenon, particularly in child suicide, which was previously considered “rare” (Durkheim (1965); but at present, it has been increasing in Mexico, which requires the sum of efforts for prevention and care, worse overcomes the participation of social workers since their professional work.

The Trend of Leading Causes of Death Among Young People in Iran Within the Last Three Decades: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdiyeh Heydari ◽  
Khadijeh Yarifard ◽  
Maryam Tajvar
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Young People ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Data Source

Abstract Background: Youth is undeniably the most important force and resource of any country, thus, identifying the leading causes of death among them to develop preventable interventions is essential. This study aimed to determine the trend of mortality rate and the leading cause of death, based on the ICD-10, among young people in Iran.Methods: The present study is a retrospective cohort and examines the trend of Iranian youth mortality, aged 15-24 years, between 1990 and 2017. The data source was the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) website. Linear Regression analysis was used to measure the slope of changes in mortality rates and causes of mortality during the period, where "time" was the independent variable and "mortality rate" and "causes of mortality" were dependent variables.Results: the death rate of young people declined by 54% during the period, equal to an average of 1.37 units per year. The most common cause of death has been injuries (70%), and then NCDs (25%) and finally communicable diseases (5%). However, death due to injuries (except SUD) and communicable diseases (except HIV) declined significantly by 0.94 and 0.09 units per year, respectively (P<0.001), while, death due to the NCDs had an increasing trend by 0.12 units per year over 28 years (P=0.006).Conclusion: Examining past trends in death rates and causes strengthens insights into the state and future trends in health and death-related indicators, which are crucial for policy-making, especially in developing countries with limited resources.

Deliberate self-harm in young people: attendance at a paediatric emergency department

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Morgan ◽  
Sinead Byrne ◽  
Carole Boylan ◽  
Stephen McLearie ◽  
Carol Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Young People ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
Paediatric Emergency Department ◽  
Paediatric Emergency ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Self Harm

AbstractObjectives: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) is the strongest predictor of suicidal behaviour. This retrospective study reviewed all DSH presentations to our Paediatric Emergency Department between 2002-2006.Method: Using database and medical records we profiled these presentations. Data was coded and statistically analysed.Results: There were 253 DSH attendances. Twenty-four percent were living in care, 15% were under 12 years and 14% presented more than once. Overdoses (61%) were more common than cutting (16%) and 56% had a psychiatric condition.Conclusions: DSH presents an ongoing challenge to child and adolescent mental health services and those working in suicide prevention. Identifying the characteristics of these young people is essential to providing appropriate treatment for this high-risk group.

The Ethics of Nurse Poaching from the Developing World

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 666-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome A Singh ◽  
Busi Nkala ◽  
Eric Amuah ◽  
Nalin Mehta ◽  
Aasim Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Do So

Recruiting nurses from other countries is a long-standing practice. In recent years many countries in the developed world have more frequently recruited nurses from the developing world, causing an imbalance in the health services in often already impoverished countries. Despite guidelines and promises by developed countries that the practice should cease, it has largely failed to do so. A consortium of authors from countries that have experienced significant nurse poaching consider the ethical aspects behind this continuing practice.

A complicated welcome: social workers navigate policy, organisational contexts and sociocultural dynamics following migration to Canada

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Brown ◽  
Annie Pullen Sansfaçon ◽  
Stephanie Éthier ◽  
Amy Fulton
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Cultural Dynamics ◽  
Better Life Index ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Natural Beauty ◽  
The World ◽  
Work Education

Canada is promoted as a land of opportunity, with its natural beauty purportedly matched by the generosity of its people. Since 1994, Canada has been ranked in the top 10 places to live in the world, and in 2013 it placed third in the global ‘better life index’, recognised for its comfortable standard of living, low mortality rate, solid education and health systems, and low crime rate (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development [OECD], 2013). It is a promising option for migrant professionals looking to leave their home countries for a variety of reasons related to social, political and economic conditions. This chapter reports on the experiences of 44 social workers who undertook their social work education outside Canada and migrated to Canada with the intent of continuing to practise social work. We bring analysis to three key areas experienced as problematic: policy, including immigration, recognition of foreign credentials, and registration with the licensing body; organisational context, including issues related to the search for employment and process of hiring; and socio-cultural dynamics, the more subtle relations required to ‘fit in’ and feelings of ‘difference’ in relation to one’s colleagues. The findings for each of these are discussed in detail below, drawing on Bourdieu’s concept of cultural capital (Bourdieu, 1986).

Attitudes to chlamydia screening in general practice among Australian university students: a pilot study

Sexual Health ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette Zakher ◽  
Melissa Kang
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Young People ◽  
University Students ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Chlamydia Infection ◽  
Chlamydia Screening ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections

Background: Chlamydia screening of sexually active young people in general practice is key to the Australian National Sexually Transmissible Infections Strategy 2005–2008. Overseas research indicates that young people have positive attitudes towards opportunistic screening by a general practitioner (GP). This pilot study aims to investigate the attitudes of Australian university students towards chlamydia screening in primary care. Methods: Students (16–25 years) attending a class in one of three faculties at the University of Sydney participated by completing a questionnaire, which collected information about demographics, sexual history, chlamydia knowledge, attitudes towards and preferences for chlamydia screening. Results: One hundred and eighty-five students (78% female) returned questionnaires (participation rate 92%). Arts students were younger, more likely to be sexually active and to report having little or no knowledge of chlamydia. Males in the study were less likely to have had sex as a group compared to the group of females in the sample. Science students were also less likely to have had sex compared to their counterparts in other faculties. Seventy-six percent of students were comfortable with opportunistic testing for chlamydia by their GP. Reasons for not being comfortable included ‘don’t think I’m at risk’ (65%) and ‘not comfortable discussing sexual matters with my GP’ (38%). Although comfortable with GP-based testing, the likelihood of being tested in the upcoming year for most students was low, as was personal concern about chlamydia infection. Conclusions: Findings suggest that the most at risk group for chlamydia infection is not well educated about their risk of infection. The limited numbers of tests among sexually active individuals in this sample indicate that health practitioners are not screening this high-risk group for chlamydia infection.

scholarly journals Młodzież a współczesne kontrowersyjne sekty: Wybrane zagadnienia

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
Mariusz Gajewski
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Final Part ◽  
The Social

Youth and Contemporary Controversial Cults: Selected Issues The paper addresses a very important issue of controversial cults and their impact on youth. The first part describes and analyzes youth as an crucial stage in human development, the social situation in which young people grow up. There are also analyzed the most important needs of young people. The next part of the article presents the basic definitions of sects and discusses the manner of their controversial impact on society and youth. Then, the reasons for the emergence of sects are explained, as well as variables conducive to their possible attractiveness. The issue of susceptibility of children and youth to sects is also explained. The final part focuses on the effects of assistance offered to young people. It is pointed out that it is necessary to organize and conduct preventive and therapeutic interactions in the context of the work of educators, social workers and psychologists.

scholarly journals Maternalmortality in Benghazi: a clinicoepidemiological study

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 283-293
Author(s):  
M. Legnain ◽  
R. Singh ◽  
M. O. Busarira
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Hypertensive Disease ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Almost All

We conducted a clinicoepidemiological study of 14 maternal deaths out of 79 981 live births at Al-Jamahiriya Hospital, Benghazi between 1993 and 1997. The maternal mortality rate per 100 000 live births was 17.5. The reproductive profile of these women was: mean age 31.5 +/- 6.9 years, mean parity 4.5, mean birth interval 14.6 +/- 7.0 months, mean gestation 27.7 +/- 14.6 weeks and mean haemoglobin 9.3 +/- 2.1 g/dL. None of the women had prebooked their delivery, 50% had preconceptional medical or obstetric risk factors, around 70% were anaemic, almost all were admitted with serious medical conditions and > 50% required surgical intervention. The main underlying medical causes of death were: hypertensive disease of pregnancy [28.6%], haemorrhage [14.3%], pulmonary embolism [14.3%]and brain tumour [14.3%]

scholarly journals Das Verstehen des Pädagogischen Dialogs als Bedingung der Kriminalitätsbekämpfung

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Potgieter ◽  
Hannes van der Walt ◽  
Charl Wolhuter
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The World ◽  
Language Communication ◽  
The Relationship

The authors of this article investigate the possibility that the absence of pedagogical dialogues between educators and students can explain aspects of the incidence of crime, in particular acts of crime committed by young people. Based on this thesis and on basic principles of education, the relationship between language, communication and dialogue, as well as on the etiology and essential meaning, of the concept of „dialogue“, the authors demonstrate that education is fundamentally an act of dialogue. The acknowledgement of this ontological fact will not only promote acceptable relationships and behaviour among the youth, but will also assist educators and social workers in their venture against the wave of criminality which is threatening to overpower the world.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis and HIV mortality in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
E. B. Tsybikovа ◽  
I. M. Son ◽  
A. V. Vlаdimirov
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Statistical Monitoring ◽  
Hiv Mortality ◽  
Leading Position

The objective: to study changes in the structure of mortality from tuberculosis and HIV infection in Russia from 2000 to 2017.Subjects and methods. The data of the Federal State Statistics Service on the mortality of the Russian population from tuberculosis and HIV infection (standardized ratio per 100,000 population) for 2000-2017 were studied. Data on the structure of patients with TB/HIV co-infection were obtained from Form no. 61 of the federal statistical monitoring for 2017.Results. In Russia, there has been a steady decrease in the mortality rate from tuberculosis, the value of which in 2017 reached 5.9 per 100,000 people. At the same time, the average values of the mortality rate from tuberculosis have shifted towards the older age groups reaching maximum values in the age group of 45 years and older. On the contrary, the analysis of mortality from HIV infection (2006-2017) detected its unprecedented increase from 1.6 to 12.6 per 100,000 population. The maximum concentration of mortality from HIV infection was observed in young age groups (35-44 years old). The increase in mortality from HIV infection was accompanied by a change in the structure of mortality from infectious diseases: the proportion of tuberculosis decreased from 79.1% (2000) to 27.4% (2017), and the proportion of HIV infection increased from 0.1% ( 2000) to 57.2% (2017). Currently, in Russia, mortality from HIV infection in young age groups has taken a leading position in the structure of causes of death from infectious diseases, displacing mortality from tuberculosis.

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