scholarly journals Consumption of addictive substances, tobacco, alcohol and marijuana by students of North Portugal

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-209
Author(s):  
Ilda Fernandes ◽  
Luísa Maria Andrade ◽  
Maria Manuela Martins ◽  
Teresa Martins ◽  
Karla Maria Rolim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The North ◽  
Digital Format ◽  
Current Consumption ◽  
Young Students ◽  
Consumo De Sustancias

Introducción: El consumo de sustancias causantes de dependencia es un problema de salud pública y potencia otros comportamientos de riesgo, entre los cuales, la agresión física, en los jóvenes. Objetivo: Evaluar el consumo de sustancias adictivas (tabaco, alcohol y marihuana) en una población estudiantil de una ciudad del Norte de Portugal.Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1.066 adolescentes, de una región del norte de Portugal, que estudiaban en nueve centros de enseñanza secundaria y universitaria de esa región y con una edad media de 17 años. Los participantes respondieron a un cuestionario tipo test en soporte papel y digital. Resultados: Se deduce que el consumo de sustancias que causan dependencia tiene lugar a edades precoces de la adolescencia, que el consumo actual de bebidas alcohólicas se ha elevado y que el consumo de tabaco, alcohol y marihuana se potencian entre sí. Conclusiones: Como el consumo de estas sustancias tiene como base factores individuales y de contexto, y afecta a los resultados de esta investigación, se considera que la intervención con los jóvenes debe incluir una estrategia concertada de políticas sociales, educativas y de salud y que simultáneamente apelen a la adhesión de los jóvenes estudiantes.   Introduction: The consumption of addictive substances is a public health problem likely to precipitate other risk behaviours in youngsters, including physical aggression. Aim: To evaluate the consumption of tobacco, alcohol and marijuana in a student population of a city in the north of Portugal.Methods: A quantitative study, descriptive and cross-sectional. The study involved 1.066 young students, from a city in the north of Portugal, enrolled in nine high school and higher education institutions, with an average age of seventeen years. A self-administered questionnaire was applied in paper and digital format. Results: Results showed that the consumption of addictive substances began in early adolescence, that the current consumption of alcoholic beverages is high and the consumption of tobacco, alcohol and marijuana is often interrelated. Conclusions: The consumption of addictive substances is influenced by individual and contextual factors affecting these research results. Thus, it is crucial to plan an intervention strategy encompassing social, educational and health policies appealing for young students’ adherence. Introdução: O consumo de substâncias aditivas é um problema de saúde pública e potencia outros comportamentos de risco, entre os quais o envolvimento em agressões físicas, nos jovens. Objetivo: Avaliar o consumo de substâncias aditivas (tabaco, álcool y marijuana) numa população estudantil de uma cidade do Norte de Portugal.Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal. O estudo envolveu 1.066 jovens, de uma cidade da região Norte de Portugal, que estudavam em nove instituições de ensino secundário e uma de ensino superior e idade média de 17 anos. Utilizou-se um questionário, de auto preenchimento e fornecido em suporte papel e digital. Resultados: Verificou-se que o consumo de substâncias aditivas se iniciou em idades precoces da adolescência, que o consumo atual de bebidas alcoólicas é elevado e o consumo de tabaco, álcool e marijuana se potenciam entre si. Conclusões: O consumo de substâncias aditivas tem como base fatores individuais e contextuais que influenciam os resultados desta investigação, considerando-se importante que a intervenção com jovens deve incluir uma estratégia de aproximação concertada de políticas sociais, educativas e de saúde apelativas da adesão pelos jovens estudantes.  

scholarly journals Prevalence of biologic, behavioral and psychosocial determinant of tuberculosis in tuberculosis patients of Semnan city; a five-year cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. e24-e24
Author(s):  
Naim Sadat Kia ◽  
Mohammad Nassaji Zavareh ◽  
Elnaz Sarkheil ◽  
Elaheh Ghods
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Social ◽  
Household Crowding ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common and lethal infectious diseases. Objectives: Due to the impact of biological, behavioral, socio-economic factors on the incidence of TB and the risks of the disease, we aimed to investigate the factors affecting TB in TB patients in Semnan. Patients and Methods: All patients with confirmed TB, who were referred to primary healthcare centers in Semnan for receiving medication, enrolled in the study (2012 to 2016). Data collected from clinical records and in-person interviews. The questionnaire consisted of two parts; the first part was demographic data and the other was related to the risk factors for TB. Results: The household crowding index was 1.86 ± 0.88. Most of patients (48.1%) were elderly (≥60 years old), female (59.7%), housewife (48.1%), had a pre-diploma education (63.6%), low-monthly income (62.3%) and married (63.6%). Around13.0% had diabetes. 20.8% drug abuser, 16.9% cigarettes and tobacco smokers, and 1.3% consumed alcoholic beverages. Besides, 40.3% were Afghans and 1.3% had the Pakistani nation. Conclusion: Identifying and controlling the social, geographical and biological factors affecting the incidence and mortality of TB in different regions can help to formulate appropriate strategies for achieving global goals. These factors differ among native and non-native population.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Anemia among People Living with HIV/AIDS Taking ART in Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin ◽  
Tadesse Bedada Haye
Keyword(s):  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background. Globally, anemia, among people living with HIV/AIDS, is a major public health problem. It has a significant effect on the progression of HIV/AIDS to advanced stages and there are a number of factors that often affect anemia. However, there is little insight regarding factors affecting anemia among HIV/AIDS patients in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Objective. This study aimed at investigating factors affecting anemia among people living with HIV/AIDS taking ART drug at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods. A hospital based cross-sectional study design was used to assess factors affecting anemia among people living with HIV/AIDS. Structured checklist was used to gather information from charts of patients selected by simple random sampling method. We analyzed the data to identify factors associated with anemia among people with HIV/AIDS using logistic regression models. Results. A total of 301 selected charts were reviewed. The median age was 38 ± 10.38. The majority (62.5%) of the patients were taking ZDV-containing ART drug (ZDV/3TC/NVP). The overall anemia prevalence was 34.6%, while about 5%, 15.6%, and 14% of the patients had severe, moderate, and mild prevalence of anemia, respectively. Factors that were found to affect anemia among these patients include gender (OR = 2.26 [95% CI: 1.22, 4.16]), occupation (OR: 0.57 [95%CI: 0.35, 0.92]), WBC count (OR = 2.30 [95% CI: 1.29, 4.09]), platelet count (OR = 2.89 [95% CI: 0.99, 8.41]), nutritional status (OR = 2.05 [95% CI: 0.69, 6.02]), and WHO clinical stage of HIV/AIDS (OR = 3.69 [95% CI: 1.86, 7.31]). Conclusions. About one in three patients was found to be anemic. Intervention aimed at diagnosing and treating anemia among people living with HIV/AIDS should be considered.

scholarly journals Consumo De Drogas Y Estrés En Estudiantes De Medicina De La Ciudad De Querétaro, México

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 366
Author(s):  
Diana Laura Sánchez Camacho ◽  
María Magdalena Gachuzo Elías ◽  
Ruth Magdalena Gallegos Torres
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Academic Stress ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Consumo De Sustancias ◽  
De Medicina ◽  
Academic Demands

Introducción. La adicción a drogas lícitas e ilícitas constituye un problema de salud pública que se presenta tanto a nivel nacional como internacional. Las escuelas de medicina no están ajenas a este fenómeno, dado que los alumnos están sometidos a altas demandas académicas que se asocian, en algunos casos, a estrés, ansiedad y trastornos del ánimo. Objetivo. Identificar la prevalencia y tipo de drogas consumidas en estudiantes universitarios de la Licenciatura en Medicina, así como las características del estrés académico presente. Metodología. Estudio con enfoque cuantitativo, con un diseño descriptivo y trasversal, realizado con estudiantes de quinto hasta décimo semestre. Se aplicó la “Encuesta Nacional sobre Prevención y Uso de Drogas” conformada por 7 secciones, de 65 preguntas y el inventario SISCO de estrés académico. Los datos fueron procesados mediante estadística descriptiva. El proyecto se evaluó y registró ante un comité de investigación. Se cuidaron los aspectos éticos. Resultados. Se aplicaron 177 cuestionarios, 58.8% fueron mujeres. En cuanto al consumo de sustancias, 75.1% ha fumado y 99.4% ha consumido alcohol. El 66.1% ha consumido marihuana y 13.6% cocaína. Del Inventario SISCO, 97.2% presentó momentos de preocupación o nerviosismo durante el semestre, teniendo distintos tipos de reacciones como: fatiga, somnolencia o necesidad de dormir 34%, depresión y tristeza (39% algunas veces y 19.2% casi siempre). Conclusiones. La información obtenida plantea la posibilidad de la creación de un programa para reducir el estrés y sus manifestaciones con el fin de disminuir el consumo de drogas y preservar la salud física y mental de los alumnos. Introduction. Addiction to legal and illegal drugs represent a public health problem that take place nationally and internationally. Medical schools are not immune to this phenomenon, since students are expose to high academic demands that are associated, in some cases, with stress, anxiety and mood disorders. Objective. Identify the prevalence and type of drugs consumed by medical students, as well as the characteristics of the academic stress. Methodology. Quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study. Carried out with students from fifth to tenth semester. The “National Survey on Prevention and Use of Drugs” was applied, made up of seven sections, with 65 questions and the SISCO inventory of academic stress. The information was processed using descriptive statistics. Results. 177 questionnaires were applied, 58.8% were women. Regarding substance use, 75.1% have smoked and 99.4% have consumed alcohol. 66.1% have consumed marijuana and 13.6% cocaine. From the SISCO Inventory, 97.2% presented moments of panic or nervousness during the semester, having different types of reactions such as: fatigue, drowsiness or need to sleep 34%, depression and sadness (39% sometimes and 19.2% almost always). Conclusions. The information obtained allows us to suggest the creation of a program to reduce stress and its manifestations in order to lessen drug use and preserve the physical and mental health of students.

scholarly journals Underground Coal Mining: Relationship between Coal Dust Levels and Pneumoconiosis, in Two Regions of Colombia, 2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Humberto Torres Rey ◽  
Milciades Ibañez Pinilla ◽  
Leonardo Briceño Ayala ◽  
Diana Milena Checa Guerrero ◽  
Gloria Morgan Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Coal Dust ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Underground Coal Mining ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mining Work

In Colombia, coal miner pneumoconiosis is considered a public health problem due to its irreversibility, high cost on diagnosis, and lack of data related to its prevalence in the country. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was carried out in order to determine the prevalence of pneumoconiosis in underground coal mining workers in two regions of Colombia. The results showed a 35.9% prevalence of pneumoconiosis in the study group (42.3% in region 1 and 29.9% in region 2). An association was found between a radiologic diagnosis of pneumoconiosis and a medium risk level of exposure to carbon dust (OR: 2.901, 95% CI: 0.937, 8.982), medium size companies (OR: 2.301, 95% CI: 1.260–4.201), length of mining work greater than 25 years (OR: 3.222, 95% CI: 1.806–5.748), and a history of smoking for more than one year (OR: 1.479, 95% CI: 0.938–2.334). These results establish the need to generate an intervention strategy aimed at preventing the identified factors, as well as a timely identification and effective treatment of pneumoconiosis in coal miners, in which the commitment of the General Health and Social Security System and the workers compensation system is ensured.

scholarly journals Marriage Patterns and Childbearing: Results From a Quantitative Study in North of Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziba Taghizadeh ◽  
Fereshteh Behmanesh ◽  
Abbas Ebadi
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reproductive Behaviors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Marriage Patterns ◽  
The North ◽  
North Of Iran

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p>Social changes have rapidly removed arranged marriages and it seems the change in marriage pattern has played a role in childbearing. On the other hand, there is a great reduction in population in many countries which requires a comprehensive policy to manage the considerable drop in population. To achieve this goal, initially, the factors affecting fertility must be precisely identified. This study aims to examine the role of marriage patterns in childbearing. In this cross-sectional quantitative study, 880 married women 15-49 years old, living in the north of Iran were studied using a cluster sampling strategy. The results showed that there are no significant differences in reproductive behaviors of three patterns of marriage in Bobol city of Iran. It seems there is a convergence in childbearing due to the different patterns of marriage and Policymakers should pay attention to other determinants of reproductive behaviors in demographic planning.</p><p> </p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span>

scholarly journals Prevalence and hospitalization rates due to diarrhoea in infants: the 2006 Brazilian National Demographic Health Survey

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tulio Konstantyner ◽  
Thais Cláudia Roma De Oliveira Konstanty ◽  
Laís Amaral Mais ◽  
Sarah Warkentin ◽  
José Augusto de Aguiar Carrazedo Taddei
Keyword(s):  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hospitalization Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The North ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Control And Prevention

Aim: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of and hospitalization rate due to diarrhea and to identify factorsassociated with diarrheal disease and related hospitalizations in children less than two years old in Brazil.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 1,902 children who were participants in the 2006 National Demographic andHealth Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde da Criança e da Mulher - PNDS 2006). To collect data, children’smothers were interviewed. The prevalence of and hospitalization rate due to diarrhea were calculated for the two weeks beforethe interview and for the last year, respectively. Logistic regression models were fitted to identify the prevalence of diarrhea andthe risk factors associated with diarrhea occurrence and related hospitalizations. A complex sample statistical technique wasapplied for all analyses.Results: The prevalence of diarrhea and hospitalization rate due to diarrhea were 11.9% and 2.6%, respectively. Children livingin the North and Northeast regions had a greater risk of diarrhea, while children under 12 months old, those who were receivingage-appropriate exclusive breastfeeding and those with mothers greater than 35 years old were protected against the disease. Malechildren living in households that did not have a land-floor in the North and Northeast regions had a higher risk of hospitalizationdue to diarrhea, while children of mothers who had a higher education level (> 4 years) were protected against it.Conclusion: Diarrhea is still a public health problem for children under two years old in Brazil, especially in the North andNortheast regions. Diarrhea control and prevention programs should inform young mothers with lower education levels aboutchildren’s healthcare, including the benefits of breastfeeding.

scholarly journals Review of literature: carotenoids, chemical composition and dietary reference intake of buriti fruits

2013 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
Magda S. Taipina ◽  
Leda C. A. Lamardo ◽  
Norberto Camilo Campos ◽  
Mário Tavares ◽  
Eduardo Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Dietary Reference Intake ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
The North ◽  
Β Carotene

ABSTRACTAlthough fruits and vegetables, sources of carotenoids, are widely available in Brazil, hypovitaminosis A constitutes a serious public health problem. There is lack of information available to the population about the dietary sources of carotenoids and factors affecting their bioavailability.The carotenoids also known as bioactive compounds have been associated with the reduction of the risk for degenerative diseases, such as cancer (modulators of immunological responses), cardiovascular diseases, macular degeneration and cataract.In Brazil the utilization of buriti fruit is not widespread; it is consumed only by the local population of some parts of the North and Central regions. Among those foods, out the foods of buritizeiro, the buriti has the highest content of β-carotene among the numerous foods already analyzed, as well as a source of oleic fatty acid, similar to olive oil.The buriti fruit provides the needs of DRI.s (Dietary Reference Intake) of vitamin A for adult, being a good source of nutrition, knowing the variety of foods that composes a balanced diet. Also, the buriti fruit is a natural source of β-carotene (provitamin A). Also, it has antioxidant power by having carotenoids, polyphenols, vitamin C compared to other vegetables, can be considered a functional food.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Gingivitis among Patients Attending in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Mst Mostary Zannath ◽  
Md Monoarul Haque ◽  
Masuma Akther
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting

Background: Gingivitis is one of the common diseases in Bangladesh and a public health problem also. Broadly factors of two categories are responsible for the occurrence of gingivitis: anatomical and behavioral. Few physiological factors also have influence. In Bangladesh we have no national health survey on periodontal condition. Objective: The aim of this study was to find out the factors affecting gingivitis among patients of 15 to 40 years of age attending in a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka city.Materials and method: This was a cross sectional study and purposive sampling method was used. Total 200 samples were taken who fulfilled the inclusion criteria by pretested structured questionnaire in outpatient department (OPD) of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Results: The mean(±SD) age of respondents was 27±5 years. Dietary factors responsible for gingivitis were sweets (80%), followed by fast food (14%). Regarding behavioral factors, smoking (48%), tobacco using (8%) and betel nuts chewing (28%) influenced gingivitis. Most of the respondents (89%) were suffering from gingivitis for at least one year and gum bleeding was documented in 99% of respondents. Conclusion: Dietary and behavioral patterns were found to be responsible for gingivitis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dmcj.v3i1.22233 Delta Med Col J. Jan 2015; 3(1): 09-12

scholarly journals Epidemiological factors affecting acute respiratory infection at Government Medical College and Hospital, Miraj

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1003
Author(s):  
Sandip P. Suryawanshi ◽  
Ganesh S. Lokhande ◽  
Jayshree D. Naik ◽  
Priya B. Dhengre
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Government Medical College ◽  
Paediatric Ward ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) comprising of a group of respiratory diseases of varying etiology and severity is being increasingly recognized as a major public health problem particularly amongst children below five years of age. In all countries ARI is a leading cause of hospitalization and death. Therefore ARIs represent a large challenge in field of communicable diseases. The study was conducted with the objective to assess the socio-demographic, epidemiological and clinical profile of ARI cases.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional, hospital based study was conducted at Government Medical College and Hospital. All children admitted with ARI in the paediatric ward during the study period of one calendar year.Results: Maximum (53.13%) cases of ARI were from the age group <1 year. Males (60.80%) outnumbered the females (M:F ratio was 1.5:1). Month wise and season wise distribution of ARI cases showed that, most of the cases were admitted in the month of December (13.35%), followed by January (12.78%) and November (10.80%).Conclusions: Prevalence of ARI cases as well as severity of the disease was more in participants less than 1 year of age.

scholarly journals Prevalence of overweight/obesity and associated factors among basic education teachers in a city in the north of Minas Gerais, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyllian Aparecida Vieira ALMEIDA ◽  
Maria Fernanda Santos Figueiredo BRITO ◽  
Lucinéia de PINHO ◽  
Tatiana Almeida de MAGALHÃES ◽  
Desirée Sant´Ana HAIKAL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Psychosocial Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The North ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Depressive Episodes

ABSTRACT Objective To estimate the prevalence of overweight/obesity and its associated factors among basic education teachers. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with probabilistic sampling by clustering. A questionnaire with socio-demographic, occupational, and psychosocial variables, as well as lifestyle, and health profiles was used. Results 707 teachers participated in the study. Associations with overweight / obesity were found for the variables: the male gender, age >40 years, three or more children, workload, contracted/designated employment relationship, fat intake through meat, abusive consumption of alcoholic beverages, presence of depressive episodes, endocrine problems, arterial hypertension, and negative self-perception of health with the prevalence ratio ranging from 1.16 to 1.52 in the associated variables. Conclusion Overweight / obesity affected approximately half of those surveyed. There is a relationship between sociodemographic, occupational, and psychosocial variables and lifestyles, on the one hand, and health factors and the presence of overweight / obesity in teachers, on the other. Measures must be implemented on modifiable factors, aiming to promote their quality of life.

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