scholarly journals Zróżnicowanie przestrzenne wybranych składników biogennych w śródpolnych oczkach w Polsce Północnej = Spatial differentiation characterising selected biogenic components in mid-field kettle ponds of northern Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-81
Author(s):  
Maciej Major ◽  
Łukasz Pietruszyński ◽  
Roman Cieśliński
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Local Factor ◽  
Biogenic Components ◽  
Standing Waters ◽  
Bodies Of Water

Closed basins are important and fixed elements of a post-glacial landscape, in which they may occupy rather a large percentage of the total area. Sometimes these fill to become bodies of water known as kettle ponds. Each such basin has its own closed catchment at the surface and, owing to the limited circulation of matter in these types of depressions, biogenic components often accumulate to excess. In that context, the work detailed here had as its main objective the identification of sources of biogenic substances like nitrates, ammonium-nitrogen and phosphates, with a view to determining the range of variability characterising their presence in small mid-field ponds present in the catchments of two of northern Poland’s rivers, i.e. the Parsęta and the Borucinka. Most of the kettle ponds under study could not be said to have particularly high contents of nitrate, given an average for the bodies of water studied within the Parsęta basin equal to 2.98 mg·dm-3. There was nevertheless considerable variability in concentrations of the ion – ranging from 0 to as much as 51.30 mg·dm-3. It was the “Sadkowo” pond that might be singled out here for its extremely high concentration (the aforesaid maximum value of 51.30 mg·dm-3; along with a mean value of 13.41 mg·dm-3). In this case a local factor is likely to have been operating – i.e. areal runoff pollution from fields involving nitrogenous compounds. Ponds in the Borucinka catchment had only low concentrations of nitrate, with a mean value for all kettle ponds studied there of just 0.24 mg·dm-3 (with values in the overall range 0 to 2.17 mg·dm-3). Concentrations of the analysed component were thus lower in the Borucinka catchment than in the Parsęta basin, with a key influencing factor likely to have been the sizes of the bodies of water studied. The Parsęta-basin examples were in fact smaller kettle ponds whose catchment features and morphometric parameters are such as to ensure higher concentrations of biogenic (especially nitrogenous) compounds in any standing waters. Mean concentrations of ammonium ions obtained for the Parsęta basin were of 0‑2.41 mg·dm-3, the value averaged for the six ponds being 0.95 mg·dm-3. However, four other Parsęta-basin ponds excluded from the study in fact reported very high values for NH4 + – of up to 25.55 mg·dm-3. The Borucinka catchment again contrasted with the Parsęta basin, with noted concentrations of ammonium-nitrogen both low and of limited variability (in the 0‑1.88 mg·dm-3 range). The average figures for all the depressions studied there was 0.09 mg·dm-3. The situation as regards the two forms of nitrogen was thus similar, with concentrations lower in the catchment of the Borucinka and higher in the basin of the Parsęta. Sizes of bodies of water would seem to be a factor influencing spatial differentiation of NH4 + concentrations. Where phosphate was concerned, kettle ponds within the Parsęta basin had a mean concentration of 0.57 mg·dm-3, with reported values from one pond to another ranging from 0 to 4.46 mg·dm-3. The Borucinka p ds again had lower concentrations of this biogenic substance across a narrower range of values (0 to 3.69 mg·dm-3, mean 0.19 mg·dm-3).

The Removal Efficiency of SBR on High Concentration Ammonium Nitrogen Wastewater

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Ren ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Run-Qing Yang ◽  
Yan-Ran Zhao ◽  
Ru-Ya Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
High Concentration

The Growth Performance of Duckweed and Removal Rate of Nitrate and Phosphorus in Sewages with Different Processes

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 854-860
Author(s):  
Qing Tao Zhang ◽  
Zhi Jian Zhang ◽  
Jiong Ma ◽  
Jiao Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Spirodela Polyrrhiza ◽  
Sedimentation Tank

The growth performance of duckweed (Spirodela polyrrhiza) and its removal rate of nitrate and phosphorus in sewages taken from sewage treatment plant with different processes were studied. The experiments were conducted in an environmentally controlled growth chamber. Three kinds of sewages were taken from a grit chamber, a sedimentation tank, and the anoxic pond in a sewage treatment plant, respectively. The fourth kind of sewage was mixed using the sedimentation tank sewage and the anoxic pond sewage in a volumetric ratio 1:1. The weight of duckweed biomass were determined with a balance. Wastewater samples taken from the media were analyzed for total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4N), total phosphorus (TP), phosphatephosphorus (PO4P) using AA3 Continous Flow Analyzer. The results showed that Spirodela polyrrhiza grew well in sewages taken from grit chamber and sedimentation tank of a sewage treatment plant, whereas a lot of duckweed fronds were dead in the sewage taken from the anoxic pond due to the high TP (higher than 7.9 mg/L) and TN (higher than 51.6 mg/L). The suitable TN concentration for Spirodela polyrrhiza growth should not be higher than 45 mg/L. Compared with the treatments without duckweed, the NH4N concentrations were reduced more than 60% in ST and GC sewages with duckweed due to the NH4N uptake by duckweed. Spirodela polyrrhiza could remove TN efficiently in sewages with relative low concentration TN (less than 20 mg/L), while duckweed could not remove TN effectively in sewages with high concentration TN (higher than 20 mg/L). The TN concentration in GC sewage decreased greatly in the first four days, which probably brought about anaerobic condition, thus P uptake switched to net release of P, which caused the increase of the TP concentration in the GC sewage without duckweed in the last six days. O2 or oxidant should be provided for sewage treatment system using duckweed to ensure that efficient removal of TN and TP meanwhile. The TP and PO4P concentrations in the mixed sewage with duckweed increased far more than those for no-duckweed treatments, which could be related that the dead duckweed released P into the sewage.

scholarly journals Ecology of Hydrozetes Berlese, 1902 (Acari, Oribatida) at various water bodies near Bydgoszcz (northern Poland)

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Seniczak
Keyword(s):  
Water Surface ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Neutral Ph ◽  
Northern Poland ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
Bodies Of Water ◽  
Forest Pond

Ecology ofHydrozetesBerlese, 1902 (Acari, Oribatida) at various water bodies near Bydgoszcz (northern Poland)Mites of the genusHydrozetesBerlese, 1902 are abundant and important in wet habitats and can be useful in palaeoecological studies and bioindication. However, due to problems with their identification, there is still a limited knowledge on their ecology. In this study, 5Hydrozetesspecies have been investigated. The most abundant wasH. lemnae(about 121 000 ind./m2), which constituted 76% of the total Oribatida at a pond shore in the Botanical Garden in Myślęcinek in Bydgoszcz. Its population density was lower in duckweed and filamentous algae on the water surface of the same pond. This species was found also in several other bodies of water, varying in water quality, but it preferred neutral pH.Hydrozetes thienemannihad a narrower ecological tolerance and was restricted only to a forest pond with neutral pH in Pruszcz, where it dominated among the Oribatida. Three other species -H. lacustris, H. octosetosus, andH. longisetosus- were found only in acid water. The last mentioned species was absent from the peat pond in Bagno Chlebowo Nature Reserve, with a high concentration of sulphur and worse oxygen conditions, but that site was suitable forH. lacustris.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Current Pollution Status of Jabi Lake in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Cyril Kanayochukwu Ezeamaka ◽  
Sadiq Queen ◽  
Daful Mwanret ◽  
Ogbole Moses ◽  
Anjide Theresa Wado
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Secchi Disc ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Pollution Status ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Proactive Measures

This paper was aimed at providing the pollution status of Jabi Lake, FCT Abuja. 13 parameters were tested from raw water collected four sampling points. The physicochemical parameters were measured using Hanna multiparametric meter, while transparency was measured using Secchi disc. Dissolved oxygen, Biological and Chemical oxygen demand were measured titrimetrically using standard method. The concentrations of the metals were determined in triplicates. Flame atomic absorption spectrometer was used in the analysis as well as descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and standard error. The Nigerian Industrial Standard and WHO guidelines for domestic water were used to compare the results of the water from the lake. The study reveals that the mean turbidity ranged between 21.6 – 24.2cm and is above the recommended limits of both WHO and NIS. The range of pH was between 6.3 and 8.8. pH is within a neutral range. The study reveals that the mean value of TDS and electrical conductivity is below the recommended limit of both WHO and NIS guidelines. The study shows that there is high concentration of some heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Mn, Zn, and Fe) in Jabi Lake. Cd, Zn, Fe and Ni are above the permissible limits of the NIS and WHO guidelines, which is an indication of pollution. The study, therefore, recommends that proactive measures be taken on environmental laws in FCT and that environmental/health worker and non-governmental bodies be active in enlightenment campaigns that will alert members of the public to the harm being caused to this important ecosystem.

scholarly journals Hereditary high concentration of glutathione in canine erythrocytes associated with high accumulation of glutamate, glutamine, and aspartate

Blood ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 883-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Maede ◽  
N Kasai ◽  
N Taniguchi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Feedback Inhibition ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cysteine Synthetase

We have found a dog family in which there were five cases of increased red cell glutathione corresponding to four to five times the normal concentration without any clinical signs. In the present study, we mainly examined the concentrations of free amino acids in the erythrocytes, plasma, and urine of two of the dogs, and we demonstrated that the concentrations of glutamate, aspartate, and glutamine in their erythrocytes increases to 92, 63, and 13 times the mean value in the normal blood, respectively. There were no changes observed in the other amino acids as compared to normal, although the glycine and histidine in the erythrocyte showed slight increases. The concentrations of amino acids in the plasma and urine of the dogs were almost equal to normal ones. The activities of some of the enzymes involved in the glutathione metabolism in the erythrocytes from the two dogs were all within the normal range. The increased level of glutathione could be explained by the fact that the feedback inhibition of gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase by glutathione was released by the high levels of glutamate in the erythrocytes.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVIDAD PRIMARIA EN LA CIENAGA GRANDE DE SANTA MARTA, COLOMBIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Hernández J. ◽  
Klaus Gocke
Keyword(s):  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Coastal Lagoon ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
High Particle Concentration ◽  
High Particle ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Caribbean

Between January 1987 and January 1988 the primary productivity and related parameters were studied in the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta. The Ciénaga is a coastal lagoon with an area of 423 km'2 and mean depth of 1.6 m, which is located at the Caribbean coast of Colombia. The salinity fluctuates seasonally within a wide range. The system is characterized by a high concentration of seston and a great primary productivity. The concentration of chlorophyll " a " ranged from 5.6to 181 ug Ii , the mean value was 59 ug I i . The concentration of proteins was within the extremes of 0.9 and 9.5 mg I"i f the mean value was 4.2 mg I ] . The gross primary productivity in the central part of the Ciénaga amounted to 1690 g C m*2 per year. Considering the temporal fluctuation in the whole system the lowest and highest values were 1.40 and 16.3 g C rrr2 per day. Highest productivity values were encountered when the salinity was low. The primary productivity is controlled by water turbidity and availability of nutrients, thus, seasonal continental waters. The photosynthetic laver ¡s restricted to less than 1.5 m due to the high particle concentration. The mean N: P relation was 4:1 which indicates that the nitrogen compounds are the limiting nutrientes. The high primary productivity sustains an important local fishery. The coastal area in the vicinity of the Ciénaga Grande is benefitted by the export of particulated and dissolved organic matter produced in excess within the coastal lagoon.

Ammonium nitrogen removal from slurry-type swine wastewater by pretreatment using struvite crystallization for nitrogen control of anaerobic digestion

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.U. Kim ◽  
W.H. Lee ◽  
H.J. Lee ◽  
J.M. Rim
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Swine Wastewater ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Struvite Crystallization

Precipitation of ammonium together with phosphate and magnesium is a possible alternative for lowering the nitrogen content of wastewater. In this study we examine the removal of ammonium nitrogen and phosphorus from slurry-type swine wastewater containing high concentrations of nutrients by the addition of phosphoric acid along with either calcium oxide or magnesium oxide, which leads to the crystallization of insoluble salts such as hydroxyapatite and struvite. The struvite crystallization method showed a high capacity for the removal of nitrogen when magnesium oxide and phosphoric acid were used as the magnesium and phosphate sources, respectively. When it was applied to swine wastewater containing a high concentration of nitrogen, the injection molar ratio of Mg2+:NH4+:PO43- that gave maximum ammonium nitrogen removal was 3.0:1.0:1.5.

Studies on the Chemical Composition of Muscle Tissue

1961 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-728
Author(s):  
JAMES D. ROBERTSON
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphate ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Osmotic Coefficients ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Soluble Phosphate ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Whole Muscle ◽  
Hexose Phosphates

1. Comprehensive analyses have been made of the muscle and plasma for inorganic ions, organic phosphates, soluble carbohydrates, amino acids and nitrogenous bases. 2. Compared with a total of 1108 mg. ions/kg. water in the plasma, the muscle had 1045, of which 515 were mg. ions (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, SO4, lactate, HCO3, inorganic and arginine phosphates, adenosine triphosphate, hexose phosphates, etc.), and the remainder amino acids (405 mM.) and the nitrogenous compounds trimethylamine oxide (59 mM.) and betaine (66 mM.). 3. Measurements of the apparent extracellular spaces in the muscle following injections of inulin, sucrose and sodium thiosulphate have led to the conclusion that the inulin space or permeation, 12.1%±0.69 (S.E.) of the total muscle water, is the best indication of total extracellular fluid in the muscle. The copper space, 4.11±0.37, represents a maximum value for the blood space (that filled with haemocyanin), leaving 8.0% as the volume occupied by interstitial fluid. 4. Intracellular concentrations of potassium and chloride do not conform to values expected on the basis of a Donnan equilibrium with plasma: [Ki]/[Ko] = 21.9, [Clo]/[Cli] = 9.9. 5. Mean values in mg. ions/kg. water for the whole muscle concentrations of phosphate ions are inorganic phosphate 18.3, arginine phosphate 71.0, adenosine triphosphate 11.6, remaining acid-soluble phosphate, chiefly hexose phosphates, 14.4, total 115.2. 6. Total non-protein amino acids of muscle from measurements of α-amino N are 339-551 mM., mean 476. These are chiefly glycine, proline, arginine, taurine, alanine and glutamine. Most of the arginine is combined as arginine phosphate. 7. Direct measurements of osmolality of the plasma using Krogh-Baldes thermocouples give a mean value of 100.4±0.34 (N = 9), taking sea water as 100. Measurements of the juice expressed from muscle with a tissue-press give a mean value compared with plasma (100) of 102.0±0.70 if done within 1.5 hr. of removing the muscle, 101.7±0.87 for seven estimations done within an hour; the latter result is not significantly different from the plasma values. Delay in measurement leads to higher values (plus 5-8% on plasma), owing to the breakdown of labile compounds. 8. Compared with whole muscle on a water-content basis, the concentrations of ions in the muscle-juice are Na 76%, K 74%, Ca 10%, Mg 40%, Cl 100%, total acid-soluble P 78%. This is interpreted as showing binding by proteins of fractions of all these ions except chloride. If the juice is corrected for its extracellular component, approximate percentages of ions bound inside the muscle cells are Na 82%, K 26%, Ca 100%, Mg 64% and P 22% all the cellular chloride is free. 9. A final osmotic balance sheet for Nephrops muscle cells, in which consideration has been given to such factors as binding of ions, osmotic coefficients of ions and probable ideal behaviour of the nitrogenous compounds, shows that about 92% of the total osmotic concentration (in milliosmoles) has been accounted for. 10. Increasing the concentration of potassium and calcium in sea water leads to increases in the values of these ions in both plasma and muscle.

scholarly journals Application of the Anammox Process for Treatment of Liquid Phase Digestate

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2965
Author(s):  
Joanna Majtacz ◽  
Dominika Grubba ◽  
Krzysztof Czerwionka
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Total Ammonium ◽  
Anammox Process

The liquid phase of the digestate (LPD) contains a relatively high concentration of nitrogen, with total ammonium nitrogen being the dominant form of nitrogen, as well as other essential nutrients such as phosphorus and potassium. Consequently, it must be treated before it is released into the environment. However, there are no reports of co-purification of LPD in the anammox process in sequencing batch reactor with granular sludge, which is a novelty for the presented research. The main objective of this paper is to assess the possibility of nitrogen removal in the anammox process with LPD from biogas plants conducting the co-fermentation process along with the participation of agricultural products (cattle slurry). This publication presents the research results of the efficiency of the anammox process, accounting for the effect of dissolved organic matter. The conducted experiments revealed the potential of LPD purification, which co-ferments waste activated sludge and bovine slurry for the anammox process. In the reactor ammonium utilization rate (AUR) process with LPD addition increased from 2.3 mg N/(g VSS∙h) with 0.5% LPD addition to 8.5 mg N/(g VSS∙h) with 7.5% LPD addition. SAA in the reactor with LPD addition increased from 5.3 mg N/(g VSS∙h) with 0.5% LPD addition to 18.5 mg N/(g VSS∙h) with 4 and 5% LPD addition. With the addition of 7.5% LPD, SAA dropped to a value of 18.1 mg N/(g VSS∙h) in the LPD reactor.

Treatment of Refinery Wastewater with Isolated Biological Aerated Filters: A Pilot-Scale Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 2332-2341
Author(s):  
Jian Guang Huang ◽  
Li Zhong ◽  
Wen Yu Xie
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Set Up

A pilot scale biochemical treatment system containing three isolated biological aerated filters, one oil-separation pool and one secondary sedimentation tank was set up and used for high concentration organic waste water treatment. Effect of different operating conditions on Chemical Oxygen Demand (CODCr), sulphides, hydroxybenzene and oil degradation was investigated. And the ways of sulphides removal were also explored. While CODCr, the concentrations of sulphides, hydroxybenzene and oil in the waste water are no more than 1500 mg/L, 800 mg/L, 15 mg/L and 150mg/L, respectively, the system can run stably and the total removal of these pollutants is 88.8%, 98.8%, 96.8% and 91.0% accordingly though hydraulic retention time (HRT) varies from 7.95 hr to 15.90 hr and the air/water volume ratio (AWVR) varies from 12 to 8. Most of the sulphides are removed by Biodegradation with Isolated Biological Aerated Filters. Most of the pollutants are removed in the 1st BAF and about 96.5% by mean value of sulphides transforme into elemental sulfur and only about 2.7% by mean value of sulphides transforme into sulphates.

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